CN109591419B - Pvc发泡耐折板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

Pvc发泡耐折板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109591419B
CN109591419B CN201811453118.4A CN201811453118A CN109591419B CN 109591419 B CN109591419 B CN 109591419B CN 201811453118 A CN201811453118 A CN 201811453118A CN 109591419 B CN109591419 B CN 109591419B
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马健
孙锋
苗伟
苗祥成
吴超
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Shandong Botuo New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于聚氯乙烯板材技术领域,具体的涉及一种PVC发泡耐折板及其制备方法。该PVC发泡耐折板包括芯层和皮层,芯层为发泡聚氯乙烯材料,原料由PVC树脂粉Ⅰ、填充剂Ⅰ、发泡调节剂、复合发泡剂、钙锌稳定剂、大豆油、润滑剂和颜料组成;上表皮层和下表皮层原料相同,皮层料由PVC树脂粉Ⅰ、PVC树脂粉Ⅱ、填充剂Ⅱ、加工助剂、耐折增韧专用剂、耐候改性剂、钙锌稳定剂、润滑剂和颜料组成;耐折增韧专用剂为高分子量丙烯酸酯氯化聚乙烯接枝聚合物。该PVC发泡耐折板具有高强度耐拉耐折,表皮不断裂,可大角度弯折使用,无折痕,减少组合物的组合接口和结合面,更环保和卫生,清洁方便、性价比高、使用范围广的优点。

Description

PVC发泡耐折板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氯乙烯板材技术领域,具体的涉及一种PVC发泡耐折板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前PVC发泡制品应用领域主要是广告业、室内外建筑及装饰材料、家具、地板及车船装饰等。广告装饰方面主要是广告展板、裱画板、丝印、喷绘、雕刻等用途,门窗及装饰建材包括PVC发泡门窗、管材、墙板及其它装饰装修材料等,家具方面包括各种柜体、房间隔断、办公隔断、屏风等,交通工具装饰方面主要是用于大中型客车、列车及轮船等交通工具的底板,传统制作通常使用木板和胶合板等材料;这两种材料,常常因受潮而发生变形,其需要弯折的时候必须进行切割,重新进行组合,无法直接弯折,增加了结合面缝隙和严重影响使用效果,同时浪费了森林资源,不利于环境保护。
聚氯乙烯发泡板是一种新兴材料,虽然解决了受潮变形,有一定的耐折性,但大角度折叠使用时,仍然会折断,仍需进行胶固和钉固等方式进行二次紧固,举例来说,现有技术中的聚氯乙烯发泡橱柜板常常因为不耐折、使用过程中容易发生碰裂,易变形,无法直接折弯,严重影响其推广使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种PVC发泡耐折板及其制备方法。该PVC发泡耐折板具有高强度耐拉耐折,表皮不断裂,可大角度弯折使用,无折痕,减少组合物的组合接口和结合面,更环保和卫生的特点;本发明同时提供了其制备方法。
本发明所述的PVC发泡耐折板,包括芯层和皮层,皮层包括上表皮层和下表皮层;芯层的上表面连接上表皮层,芯层的下表面连接下表皮层;各层原料组成如下:
芯层为发泡聚氯乙烯材料,由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure BDA0001887098450000011
上表皮层和下表皮层原料相同,皮层料由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure BDA0001887098450000021
耐折增韧专用剂为高分子量丙烯酸酯氯化聚乙烯接枝聚合物。
其中:
耐折增韧专用剂的门尼粘度为50-60ML,氯含量为35%±2、熔融焓≤2.0J/g、灰分≤2.5、挥发物含量≤0.3%、30目未过筛率≤0.5%。
PVC树脂粉Ⅰ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-8,聚合度600-800;PVC树脂粉Ⅱ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-5,聚合度1000-1300。
皮层选用聚合度为600-800的PVC树脂粉SG-8和聚合度为1000-1300的PVC树脂粉SG-5复配有利于提高板材断裂伸长率、拉伸强度等力学性能;芯层选用聚合度为600-800的PVC树脂粉SG-8流动性好,有利于板材芯层的发泡,使生产过程更加稳定,板材厚度更加均匀,密度低,性价比高。
PVC树脂粉SG-5因为分子量较大,所以加工的制品的力学性能高但流动性相对较低,加入分子量相对较低的PVC树脂粉SG-8后可以增加其流动性,这样的复配树脂粉不但提高了其流动性能,使加工更容易,且不会大幅降低其力学性能。
填充剂Ⅰ为轻质碳酸钙,填充剂Ⅱ为活性纳米钙。
填充剂的多少是影响耐折性能的重要指标之一,填充剂添加的越多,耐折性能下降的越明显,为了改进这一缺点,皮层选用了纳米级的钙粉,且添加量极少。
皮层选用活性纳米钙,是因为纳米钙的表面进行活化且钙粉目数为纳米级,可以更加均匀的分散于树脂粉中,不会出现钙粉堆积和分散不匀的情况,进一步的提高了产品的耐弯折和拉伸性能。
发泡调节剂为高粘度甲基丙烯酸甲酯,粘度为14.1-15.54η。
复合发泡剂为黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配物,黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺或酰肼类发泡剂中的一种;白发泡剂为碳酸铵或叠氮化合物中的一种,黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配质量比为1:3~1:5。
钙锌稳定剂是以硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌为主体合成的一类钙锌复合热稳定剂。
大豆油为高环氧型大豆油。
润滑剂是费托蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡、氧化费托蜡或聚乙烯蜡中的一种或多种。
耐候改性剂为金红石型钛白粉。
颜料为OB类增白剂或耐晒级群青中的一种或两种。
加工助剂为丙烯腈与苯乙烯的共聚物或甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸酯的共聚物中的一种或两种。
本发明所述的PVC发泡耐折板皮层的厚度为0.6-1.8mm,只需要控制皮层厚度,芯层的厚度即为产品规格减去上下表皮层的厚度之和。
本发明所述的PVC发泡耐折板的制备方法是将配方量的芯层原料和上、下表皮层原料分别进行塑化加工,然后在分配器处混合,经共挤模具挤出成型,再经三辊冷却定型、修边、切割,即得PVC发泡耐折板。
作为一个优选的技术方案,本发明所述的PVC发泡耐折板的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将皮层配方量的物料通过全自动配料系统进行自动计量,然后加入高速混合机中,加热至110~120℃,将物料放入冷混机中冷却,当物料冷却至40℃以下时放入贮料仓中待用;
(2)将芯层配方量的物料通过全自动配料系统进行自动计量,然后加入高速混合机中,加热至105~115℃,将物料放入冷混机中冷却,当物料冷却至35℃以下时放入贮料仓中待用;
(3)挤出成型:芯层混合料经真空上料机吸入到主机的锥型双螺杆挤出机料斗中,经挤出机熔融塑化进入分配器;同时皮层料经弹簧上料机上到辅机的锥型双螺杆挤出机料斗中,经挤出熔融塑化进入分配器;由分配器汇合后经合流芯进入共挤模具经模具口挤出,冷却成型;
(4)定型:经模具口发泡后,经三辊冷却定型;于三辊前加装展平辊装置,经牵引机牵引后,修边装置修边,自动计量切割后即得到PVC发泡耐折板。
其中:
步骤(3)中所述的具体工艺参数设置如下:主机转速为18~20rpm/min,主机电流为100~108A,螺筒温度为170~177℃,辅机转速为12~17rpm/min,辅机电流为47~57A,辅机螺筒温度为180~185℃,分配器温度为140~155℃,合流芯温度为140~150℃,共挤机头温度为170~175℃,共挤模具模唇口油温为165~175℃。
步骤(4)中所述的三辊的组数为3组,三辊油温为70~85℃,模唇口位置加装展平辊装置,板材经展平辊挤压和展平后,提高了板面平整度和板材横向均匀度。
本产品仍为共挤法生产,只是在板材挤出后的冷却定形方式更改为三辊冷却定形,这样的定型方式使其板材不会像定型板冷却那样快速的降温冷却,使板材能够充分的进行拉伸,同时又保证了其板材的平整度,这样生产出来的板材大大提高了其表面的弯曲和耐弯折强度。
本发明所述的PVC发泡耐折板应用于门窗及装饰建材;包括门窗、墙板、护角及其它装饰装修;家具方面包括各种柜体、房间隔断、办公隔断、屏风等;交通工具装饰方面主要是用于大中型客车、列车及轮船等交通工具的底板、公共客车的行李架等领域,主要使用范围为需要弯折的、且能够弯折不断和要求密度相对小的领域。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明生产的PVC发泡耐折板,其上、下表皮层均为不发泡硬质聚氯乙烯材料,在皮层中添加耐折增韧专用剂,该耐折增韧专用剂由高分子量丙烯酸酯氯化聚乙烯接枝聚合物聚合而成,这种耐折增韧专用剂能够大幅度的提高板材的耐折性能、拉伸轻度和拉伸应变等力学性能,且皮层填充剂为活性纳米钙,且添加量极少,树脂粉与填充剂的分散更加的均匀一致,皮层各处的性能更加均匀耐折,以上配方中的改进使生产的板材能够高耐折、耐弯曲、表皮不断裂,可大角度弯折使用、无折痕、减少组合物的组合接口和结合面。
(2)本发明生产的PVC发泡耐折板,其加工工艺选择更为严格的设置,其分配器温度设定为分配器温度为140~155℃,合流芯温度为140~150℃,这个工艺参数使共挤挤出的板材皮层厚度均匀一致,横向和纵向的耐折合拉伸性能基本相同;且冷却定型方式选择三辊冷却定型,使板材各个方向能够充分的进行拉伸后冷却定型,大大提高了其板材表面韧性。
(3)板材中间芯层为发泡聚氯乙烯材料,可降低板材的整体密度,节约成本;该板材绿色环保,使用钙锌稳定剂,避免了重金属污染,更环保和卫生,清洁方便、性价比高、使用范围广。
(4)本发明所述的PVC发泡耐折板的制备方法,简单易行,易于实现。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
本实施例1所述的PVC发泡耐折板,由芯层、上表皮层和下表皮层组成,各层原料组成如下:
芯层为发泡聚氯乙烯材料,由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure BDA0001887098450000041
Figure BDA0001887098450000051
上表皮层和下表皮层原料相同,皮层料由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure BDA0001887098450000052
其中:
耐折增韧专用剂为高分子量丙烯酸酯氯化聚乙烯接枝聚合物,生产厂家为山东日科化学股份有限公司,型号:ACM-PY-2G。
PVC树脂粉Ⅰ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-8,聚合度600-800。
PVC树脂粉Ⅱ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-5,聚合度1000-1300。
填充剂Ⅰ为轻质碳酸钙,填充剂Ⅱ为活性纳米钙。
发泡调节剂为高粘度甲基丙烯酸甲酯,粘度为15.54η。
复合发泡剂为黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配物,黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂;白发泡剂为叠氮化合物,黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配质量比为1:3。
钙锌稳定剂为以硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌为主体合成的一类钙锌复合热稳定剂。
大豆油为高环氧型大豆油。
润滑剂为费托蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡和聚乙烯蜡的混合物。
加工助剂为甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸酯的共聚物。
耐候改性剂为金红石型钛白粉;颜料为OB类增白剂。
本实施例1所述的PVC发泡耐折板的制备方法为:将配方量的芯层原料和上、下表皮层原料分别进行塑化加工,然后在分配器处混合,经共挤模具挤出成型,再经三辊冷却定型、修边、切割,即得PVC发泡耐折板。
本实施例1所述的PVC发泡耐折板皮层的厚度为0.8mm,只需要控制皮层厚度,芯层的厚度即为产品规格减去上下表皮层的厚度之和。
本发明所述的PVC发泡耐折板的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将皮层配方量的物料通过全自动配料系统进行自动计量,然后加入高速混合机中,加热至120℃,将物料放入冷混机中冷却,当物料冷却至40℃以下时放入贮料仓中待用;
(2)将芯层配方量的物料通过全自动配料系统进行自动计量,然后加入高速混合机中,加热至115℃,将物料放入冷混机中冷却,当物料冷却至35℃以下时放入贮料仓中待用;
(3)挤出成型:芯层混合料经真空上料机吸入到主机的锥型双螺杆挤出机料斗中,经挤出机熔融塑化进入分配器;同时皮层料经弹簧上料机上到辅机的锥型双螺杆挤出机料斗中,经挤出熔融塑化进入分配器;由分配器汇合后经合流芯进入共挤模具经模具口挤出,冷却成型;
(4)定型:经模具口发泡后,经三辊冷却定型;于三辊前加装展平装置,经牵引机牵引后,修边装置修边,自动计量切割后即得到PVC发泡耐折板。
其中:
步骤(3)中所述的具体工艺参数设置如下:主机转速为19rpm/min,主机电流为102±2A,螺筒温度为170、172、175、177℃,辅机转速为15rpm/min,辅机电流为53±3A,辅机螺筒温度为180、182、184、185℃,分配器温度为150℃,合流芯温度为150℃,共挤机头温度为175℃,共挤模具模唇口油温为175℃。
步骤(4)中所述的三辊的组数为3组,三辊油温分别为75℃、75℃、70℃,模唇口位置加装展平辊装置,板材经展平辊挤压和展平后,提高了板面平整度和板材横向均匀度。
实施例1通过该制备方法所得板材规格为17mm*0.55g/㎜3
实施例2
本实施例2所述的PVC发泡耐折板,由芯层、上表皮层和下表皮层组成,各层原料组成如下:
芯层为发泡聚氯乙烯材料,由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure BDA0001887098450000061
Figure BDA0001887098450000071
上表皮层和下表皮层原料相同,皮层料由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure BDA0001887098450000072
其中:
耐折增韧专用剂为高分子量丙烯酸酯氯化聚乙烯接枝聚合物,生产厂家为山东日科化学股份有限公司,型号:ACM-PY-2G。
PVC树脂粉Ⅰ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-8,聚合度600-800。
PVC树脂粉Ⅱ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-5,聚合度1000-1300。
填充剂Ⅰ为轻质碳酸钙,填充剂Ⅱ为活性纳米钙。
发泡调节剂为高粘度甲基丙烯酸甲酯,粘度为15.01η。
复合发泡剂为黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配物,黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂;白发泡剂为碳酸铵,黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配质量比为1:3。
钙锌稳定剂为以硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌为主体合成的一类钙锌复合热稳定剂。
大豆油为高环氧型大豆油。
润滑剂为费托蜡、氧化费托蜡和聚乙烯蜡的混合物。
加工助剂为丙烯腈与苯乙烯的共聚物。
耐候改性剂为金红石型钛白粉。颜料为耐晒级群青。
本实施例2所述的PVC发泡耐折板皮层的厚度为1.0mm,只需要控制皮层厚度,芯层的厚度即为产品规格减去上下表皮层的厚度之和。
实施例2所述的制备方法与实施例1相同,所得板材规格为18mm*0.71g/㎜3
实施例3
本实施例所述的PVC发泡耐折板,由芯层、上表皮层和下表皮层组成,各层原料组成如下:
芯层为发泡聚氯乙烯材料,由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure BDA0001887098450000081
上表皮层和下表皮层原料相同,皮层料由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure BDA0001887098450000082
其中:
耐折增韧专用剂为高分子量丙烯酸酯氯化聚乙烯接枝聚合物,生产厂家为山东日科化学股份有限公司,型号:ACM-PY-2G。
PVC树脂粉Ⅰ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-8,聚合度600-800。
PVC树脂粉Ⅱ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-5,聚合度1000-1300。
填充剂Ⅰ为轻质碳酸钙,填充剂Ⅱ为活性纳米钙。
发泡调节剂为高粘度甲基丙烯酸甲酯,粘度为14.1η。
复合发泡剂为黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配物,黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂;白发泡剂为碳酸铵,黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配质量比为1:3。
钙锌稳定剂为以硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌为主体合成的一类钙锌复合热稳定剂。
大豆油为高环氧型大豆油。
润滑剂为费托蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡和氧化费托蜡的混合物。
加工助剂为甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸酯的共聚物。
耐候改性剂为金红石型钛白粉;颜料为OB类增白剂。
本实施例3所述的PVC发泡耐折板皮层的厚度为1.2mm,只需要控制皮层厚度,芯层的厚度即为产品规格减去上下表皮层的厚度之和。
实施例3所述的制备方法与实施例1相同,实施例3所得板材规格为20mm*0.85g/㎜3
对实施例1-3制备的PVC发泡耐折板进行性能测试,性能测试结果见表1。
表1实施例1-3PVC发泡耐折板性能测试结果
Figure BDA0001887098450000091

Claims (4)

1.一种PVC发泡耐折板,其特征在于:包括芯层和皮层,皮层包括上表皮层和下表皮层;芯层的上表面连接上表皮层,芯层的下表面连接下表皮层;各层原料组成如下:
芯层为发泡聚氯乙烯材料,由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure FDA0002933729760000011
上表皮层和下表皮层原料相同,皮层料由如下重量份数的原料组成:
Figure FDA0002933729760000012
耐折增韧专用剂为高分子量丙烯酸酯氯化聚乙烯接枝聚合物;耐折增韧专用剂的门尼粘度为50-60ML,氯含量为35%±2、熔融焓≤2.0J/g、灰分≤2.5、挥发物含量≤0.3%、30目未过筛率≤0.5%;
PVC树脂粉Ⅰ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-8,聚合度600-800;PVC树脂粉Ⅱ为聚氯乙烯树脂SG-5,聚合度1000-1300;填充剂Ⅰ为轻质碳酸钙,填充剂Ⅱ为活性纳米钙;
所述的PVC发泡耐折板的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将皮层配方量的物料通过全自动配料系统进行自动计量,然后加入高速混合机中,加热至110~120℃,将物料放入冷混机中冷却,当物料冷却至40℃以下时放入贮料仓中待用;
(2)将芯层配方量的物料通过全自动配料系统进行自动计量,然后加入高速混合机中,加热至105~115℃,将物料放入冷混机中冷却,当物料冷却至35℃以下时放入贮料仓中待用;
(3)挤出成型:芯层混合料经真空上料机吸入到主机的锥型双螺杆挤出机料斗中,经挤出机熔融塑化进入分配器;同时皮层料经弹簧上料机上到辅机的锥型双螺杆挤出机料斗中,经挤出熔融塑化进入分配器;由分配器汇合后经合流芯进入共挤模具经模具口挤出,冷却成型;
(4)定型:经模具口发泡后,经三辊冷却定型;于三辊前加装展平辊装置,经牵引机牵引后,修边装置修边,自动计量切割后即得到PVC发泡耐折板;
步骤(3)中所述的具体工艺参数设置如下:主机转速为18~20rpm/min,主机电流为100~108A,螺筒温度为170~177℃,辅机转速为12~17rpm/min,辅机电流为47~57A,辅机螺筒温度为180~185℃,分配器温度为140~155℃,合流芯温度为140~150℃,共挤机头温度为170~175℃,共挤模具模唇口油温为165~175℃;
步骤(4)中所述的三辊的组数为3组,三辊油温为70~85℃,模唇口位置加装展平辊装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PVC发泡耐折板,其特征在于:发泡调节剂为高粘度甲基丙烯酸甲酯,粘度为14.1-15.54η;复合发泡剂为黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配物,黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺或酰肼类发泡剂中的一种;白发泡剂为碳酸铵或叠氮化合物中的一种,黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的复配质量比为1:3~1:5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的PVC发泡耐折板,其特征在于:钙锌稳定剂是以硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸锌为主体合成的一类钙锌复合热稳定剂;大豆油为高环氧型大豆油,润滑剂是费托蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡、氧化费托蜡或聚乙烯蜡中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的PVC发泡耐折板,其特征在于:耐候改性剂为金红石型钛白粉;颜料为OB类增白剂或耐晒级群青中的一种或两种;加工助剂为丙烯腈与苯乙烯的共聚物或甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸酯的共聚物中的一种或两种。
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