CN109590463A - 一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109590463A
CN109590463A CN201811546294.2A CN201811546294A CN109590463A CN 109590463 A CN109590463 A CN 109590463A CN 201811546294 A CN201811546294 A CN 201811546294A CN 109590463 A CN109590463 A CN 109590463A
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徐嘉诚
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Zhejiang Zhong Hang Mstar Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供的一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，其在钕铁硼粉末中添加石墨烯，从而有效提高钕铁硼磁体的强度。改性剂Li4‑ 2xM3xTi5‑xO12‑C则用于提高钕铁硼磁体的磁能积，完善提高钕铁硼磁体的性能。利用磁控溅射工艺，在粉末颗粒表面溅射一层稀土金属薄膜，经压制烧结使晶界扩散，稀土金属进入钕铁硼的表面层中，增强其各项异性，而钕铁硼几乎不受影响，所以可以达到剩磁几乎不降低的情况下，大大提高磁体矫顽力的目的。另外阶梯式升温对钕铁硼磁体进行预烧，使得钕铁硼磁体外部和中心的温度梯度变小，在达到烧结温度时，使得钕铁硼压坯的中心部分快速达到烧结温度，提高烧结钕铁硼压坯的密度与磁体性能。

Description

一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及钕铁硼领域，特别涉及一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法。
背景技术
烧结钕铁硼磁体作为第三代稀土永磁材料，具有其他永磁材料无法比拟的优异的磁性能和高的性价比。因此，自发现以来，其得到了广泛的研究和迅猛的发展，已在计算机、通讯电子、汽车、航空等高技术领域得到广泛应用。
目前提高磁体矫顽力的研究多为双合金法。该法一般通过将铸锭或甩成条带的辅合金与NdFeB母合金破碎混合，进行烧结回火等热处理工艺，通过对母合金的晶界改性来提高磁体的矫顽力。该方法虽然能大幅度提高磁体的矫顽力，但会导致剩磁的大量下降，且在大规模生产中回导致贵金属(尤其是重稀土元素)的浪费，造成生产成本的增加。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供的一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、改性体的制备，按Li4-2xM3xTi5-xO12中Li:M:Ti的摩尔比4-2x:3x:5-x将Li、M、Ti的前驱体溶于20 mL溶剂中制得澄清溶液A；然后将1g PVP加入澄清溶液A中，搅拌直至得到溶液B；接着在溶液B加入静电纺丝机中，按1 mL/h的速度从针头挤出得到样品，其中针头到基板的距离为15cm，电压为10 kV，最后将样品首先在300℃的条件下空气的氛围中预烧3小时，后在850-1000℃的条件下氩气的保护气氛中焙烧4-8小时，得到改性剂Li4-2xM3xTi5-xO12-C；
步骤二、钕铁硼磁体的制备，按重量份将1-3份石墨烯、10-15份改性剂以及70-90份钕铁硼粉末混合均匀，然后利用磁控溅射工艺，在上述粉末颗粒表面溅射一层稀土金属薄膜，从而得到镀膜钕铁硼粉末；再将上述镀膜钕铁硼粉末经定型后放置于于烧结炉中，抽真空后经150-180分钟升温至750-850℃，保温20-40分钟；再经过60-70分钟升温至1000-1050℃，保温10-30分钟；再经过0-10分钟升温至1050-1100℃，保温300-350分钟；最后充入惰性气体冷却，得到烧结钕铁硼磁体。
改性剂中Li4-2xM3xTi5-xO12的M为Ni、Co、Fe、Mn，0≤x≤0.25。
所述惰性气体为氩气。
在改性体的制备过程中溶剂为乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮中的一种或几种。
本发明提供的一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，在钕铁硼粉末中添加石墨烯，从而有效提高钕铁硼磁体的强度。改性剂Li4-2xM3xTi5-xO12-C则用于提高钕铁硼磁体的磁能积，完善提高钕铁硼磁体的性能。利用磁控溅射工艺，在粉末颗粒表面溅射一层稀土金属薄膜，经压制烧结使晶界扩散，稀土金属进入钕铁硼的表面层中，增强其各项异性，而钕铁硼几乎不受影 响，所以可以达到剩磁几乎不降低的情况下，大大提高磁体矫顽力的目的。
另外阶梯式升温对钕铁硼磁体进行预烧，使得钕铁硼磁体外部和中心的温度梯度变小，在达到烧结温度时，使得钕铁硼压坯的中心部分快速达到烧结温度，提高烧结钕铁硼压坯的密度与磁体性能；采用气淬和自然冷却两者相结合的方式，通过烧结炉内温度实现钕铁硼压坯回火，节能效果明显，并且制备出的磁体性能无明显差别；同时在升温和保温过程中利用惰性气体对流，使得烧结过程放出的气体、挥发性物质在抽真空时被惰性气体带出，保护钕铁硼压坯不被氧化。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、改性体的制备，按Li3.8Ni0.3Ti4.9O12中Li:M:Ti的摩尔比3.8:0.3:4.9将醋酸锂、硝酸镍、异丙醇钛溶于20 ml异丙醇中中制得澄清溶液A，接着将1g PVP加入步骤a得到的澄清溶液A中，搅拌直至得到溶液B；再将步骤b中得到的溶液B加入静电纺丝机中，按1ml/h的速度从针头挤出。针头到基板的距离为15cm，电压为10 kV，最后将通过静电纺丝得到的样品首先在300℃的条件下空气的氛围中预烧3小时，后在850℃的条件下氩气的保护气氛中焙烧6小时，得到改性剂Li3.8Ni0.3Ti4.9O12-C。
步骤二、钕铁硼磁体的制备，按重量份将1份石墨烯、10份改性剂以及70份钕铁硼粉末混合均匀，然后利用磁控溅射工艺，在上述粉末颗粒表面溅射一层稀土金属薄膜，从而得到镀膜钕铁硼粉末；再将上述镀膜钕铁硼粉末经定型后放置于于烧结炉中，抽真空后经150-180分钟升温至750-850℃，保温20-40分钟；再经过60-70分钟升温至1000-1050℃，保温10-30分钟；再经过0-10分钟升温至1050-1100℃，保温300-350分钟；最后充入惰性气体冷却，得到烧结钕铁硼磁体。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，其与实施例1的区别在于所述钕铁硼磁体的制备的是按重量份将3份石墨烯、15份改性剂以及90份钕铁硼粉末混合均匀，然后利用磁控溅射工艺，在上述粉末颗粒表面溅射一层稀土金属薄膜，从而得到镀膜钕铁硼粉末；再将上述镀膜钕铁硼粉末经定型后放置于于烧结炉中，抽真空后经150-180分钟升温至750-850℃，保温20-40分钟；再经过60-70分钟升温至1000-1050℃，保温10-30分钟；再经过0-10分钟升温至1050-1100℃，保温300-350分钟；最后充入惰性气体冷却，得到烧结钕铁硼磁体。其中所述改性剂为Li3.6Co0.6Ti4.8O12-C。
实施例3
本实施例提供的一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，其与实施例1的区别在于所述钕铁硼磁体的制备的是按重量份将2份石墨烯、12份改性剂以及90份钕铁硼粉末混合均匀，然后利用磁控溅射工艺，在上述粉末颗粒表面溅射一层稀土金属薄膜，从而得到镀膜钕铁硼粉末；再将上述镀膜钕铁硼粉末经定型后放置于于烧结炉中，抽真空后经150-180分钟升温至750-850℃，保温20-40分钟；再经过60-70分钟升温至1000-1050℃，保温10-30分钟；再经过0-10分钟升温至1050-1100℃，保温300-350分钟；最后充入惰性气体冷却，得到烧结钕铁硼磁体。其中所述改性剂为Li3.7Mn0.45Ti4.75O12-C。

Claims (4)

1.一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、改性体的制备，按Li4-2xM3xTi5-xO12中Li:M:Ti的摩尔比4-2x:3x:5-x将Li、M、Ti的前驱体溶于20 mL溶剂中制得澄清溶液A；然后将1g PVP加入澄清溶液A中，搅拌直至得到溶液B；接着在溶液B加入静电纺丝机中，按1 mL/h的速度从针头挤出得到样品，其中针头到基板的距离为15cm，电压为10 kV，最后将样品首先在300℃的条件下空气的氛围中预烧3小时，后在850-1000℃的条件下氩气的保护气氛中焙烧4-8小时，得到改性剂Li4-2xM3xTi5-xO12-C；
步骤二、钕铁硼磁体的制备，按重量份将1-3份石墨烯、10-15份改性剂以及70-90份钕铁硼粉末混合均匀，然后利用磁控溅射工艺，在上述粉末颗粒表面溅射一层稀土金属薄膜，从而得到镀膜钕铁硼粉末；再将上述镀膜钕铁硼粉末经定型后放置于于烧结炉中，抽真空后经150-180分钟升温至750-850℃，保温20-40分钟；再经过60-70分钟升温至1000-1050℃，保温10-30分钟；再经过0-10分钟升温至1050-1100℃，保温300-350分钟；最后充入惰性气体冷却，得到烧结钕铁硼磁体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，其特征在于，改性剂中Li4-2xM3xTi5-xO12的M为Ni、Co、Fe、Mn，0≤x≤0.25。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，其特征在于，所述中惰性气体为氩气。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，其特征在于，在改性体的制备过程中溶剂为乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮中的一种或几种。
CN201811546294.2A 2018-12-18 2018-12-18 一种高矫顽力钕铁硼磁体的制备方法 Active CN109590463B (zh)

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