CN109554175A - 延迟荧光化合物及使用其的有机电致发光装置 - Google Patents
延迟荧光化合物及使用其的有机电致发光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109554175A CN109554175A CN201710968058.9A CN201710968058A CN109554175A CN 109554175 A CN109554175 A CN 109554175A CN 201710968058 A CN201710968058 A CN 201710968058A CN 109554175 A CN109554175 A CN 109554175A
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- delayed fluorescence
- layer
- electroluminescent device
- compound
- organnic electroluminescent
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- DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile Chemical compound C12=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=C1N=C(C#N)C(C#N)=N2 DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D491/20—Spiro-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D495/20—Spiro-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D517/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms
- C07D517/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D517/20—Spiro-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D517/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms
- C07D517/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
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Abstract
本发明揭示延迟荧光化合物及使用其的有机电致发光装置,所述有机电致发光装置使用所述延迟荧光化合物作为发光层中的延迟荧光掺杂材料、延迟荧光主体材料、或磷光主体材料、及/或将所述延迟荧光化合物用于有机电致发光装置的电洞阻挡层及/或电子传输层,所述有机电致发光装置从而表现出良好的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明关于一种延迟荧光化合物及使用其的有机电致发光装置,更具体言之是关于可用于有机发光装置的热活化延迟荧光化合物。
先前技术
有机材料的电致发光是于1950年代早期由法国南锡大学的安德烈贝诺斯(AndreBernanose)及其同事首先发现。在1963年,马丁伯普(Martin Pope)及其纽约大学的同事于真空下、在蒽的单一纯晶体和掺有稠四苯的蒽晶体上首次观察到直流(DC)电致发光。伊士曼柯达(Eastman Kodak)公司的邓青云(Ching W.Tang)及史蒂芬范斯莱克(Steven VanSlyke)在1987年制作出第一个二极管装置。所述二极管装置采用具有个别的电洞传输层和电子传输层的双层结构,使得操作电压降低及效率提高,从而促成当今主流的有机EL研究及装置生产。
有机电致发光装置通常是由夹置于两个电极之间的有机材料层所组成,有机材料层包括电洞传输层(hole transporting layer,HTL)、发光层(light emitting layer,EML)、及电子传输层(electron transporting layer,ETL)。有机电致发光的基本机制涉及载子的注入、传输、及复合、以及激子形成而进行发光。当施加外部电压到有机电致发光装置时,电子和电洞分别自阴极和阳极注入。随后,电子与电洞在发光层中复合而形成激子,然后发光。有机材料层的结构设计及阳极与阴极的选择对于OLED装置充分发挥发光效能至关重要。
在随后的研究中发现到,当发光层被夹置于Alq3与NPB之间时,可以通过使用掺杂剂掺杂发光层来改良OLED,使得主体的光能量可被转移到掺杂剂来改变光色。因此,可以得到发红光、蓝光及绿光的OLED装置,这使得OLED朝向全彩显示器大步迈进。然而,在这种情况下,研究人员必须考虑材料本身的物理性质,例如能阶差、热性质、形态等,以找出最佳的材料。研究人员需要重复进行研究和改良来满足要求。
有机电致发光装置因其高照度、低重量、超薄外型、无背光的自照明、低能耗、广视角、高对比度度、制造简单及反应时间快速而被应用于平板显示器。在OLED的开发中,全彩平板显示器是发展的最高目标。目前,已经成功开发出红、蓝、及绿色掺杂材料,但尚未达到令人满意的水平。仍然需要持续研究和开发新的和更佳的掺杂材料。此外,白光OLED也是近期的研究重点,预期将用作照明光源或LCD屏幕的背光,以大幅减少使用传统白光源的显示设备的体积和重量。
近来,安达(Adachi)及其同事于2012年开发出新型的荧光有机电致发光装置。新的有机电致发光装置整合热活化延迟荧光(thermally activated delayedfluorescence,TADF)的机制,其通过逆向系统间跨越(reverse intersystem crossing,RISC)机制,将自旋禁止的三重态激子转化提升至单重态能阶而理想地获得高效率的激子形成。然而,仍需要具有TADF性能和高发光效率的化合物。
发明内容
根据上述理由,本发明目的之一是提供一种具有TADF性能和高发光效率的新颖化合物。本发明揭示一种式(1)的延迟荧光化合物,将所述式(1)的延迟荧光化合物用作发光层中的延迟荧光掺杂材料、延迟荧光主体材料、或磷光主体材料、及/或用于电洞阻挡层及/或电子传输层,以提供良好的电荷载子迁移率和优异的操作耐久性,从而降低驱动电压和功耗以及提高有机电致发光装置的发光效率。
本发明具有产业应用的经济优点。因此,本发明揭示了一种可用于有机电致发光装置的延迟荧光化合物。所述延迟荧光化合物由下式(1)表示:
其中X为O、S、或Se;Y1-Y8各自独立为氮原子或CR;R、R1、及R2各自独立选自由氢原子、卤化物、硝基、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪(pyridazine)、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烯基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、及具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基所组成的群组;L表示式(2):
n为0或1;且Z选自式(3)-式(7):
其中R3至R10各自独立选自由氢原子、卤化物、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基、及具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基所组成的群组;Y2和Y3可选地彼此连接而形成芳香环或杂芳香环;及Y6和Y7可选地彼此连接而形成芳香环或杂芳香环。
本发明进一步揭示一种有机电致发光装置。所述有机电致发光装置包含由阴极和阳极组成的电极对、及在所述电极对之间的发光层及一个或更多个有机薄膜层。所述发光层和所述有机薄膜层中的至少一者包含式(1)的延迟荧光化合物。
附图说明
图1为本发明的有机电致发光装置的一个实施例的示意图。
图2为图示化合物C2的瞬时衰变曲线并显示延迟荧旋光性质和PLQY的图。
图3为图示化合物C3的瞬时衰变曲线并显示延迟荧旋光性质和PLQY的图。
图4为图示化合物C2和C3的光致发光(PL)光谱的图。
图中标号具有如下意义:
6:透明电极;7:电洞注入层;8:电洞传输层;9:电子阻挡层;10:发光层;11:电洞阻挡层;12:电子传输层;13:电子注入层;14:金属电极。
具体实施方式
本发明探究延迟荧光化合物及使用所述化合物的有机电致发光装置(有机EL装置)。下面将详细说明生产、结构及组成部分,以使对本发明的理解更充分。本发明的应用明显不受限于本领域技术人员熟知的具体细节。另一方面,不对众所周知的一般组成部分和程序作详细描述,以避免对本发明造成不必要的限制。现在将在下面更详细地介绍本发明的一些优选实施例。然而,应当了解的是,除了本文明确描述的实施例之外,本发明还可实施于各种其他实施例中,也就是说,本发明还可广泛应用于其他实施例,且本发明的范围不会因此受到明确的限制。
在本发明的一个实施例中,揭示了一种延迟荧光化合物。所述延迟荧光化合物由下式(1)表示:
其中X为O、S、或Se;Y1-Y8各自独立为氮原子或CR;R、R1、及R2各自独立选自由氢原子、卤化物、硝基、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪(pyridazine)、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烯基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、及具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基所组成的群组;L表示式(2):
n为0或1;且Z选自式(3)-式(7):
其中R3至R10各自独立选自由氢原子、卤化物、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基、及具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基所组成的群组;Y2和Y3可选地彼此连接而形成芳香环或杂芳香环;及Y6和Y7可选地彼此连接而形成芳香环或杂芳香环。
较佳的是,式(1)的延迟荧光化合物为下列化合物中的化合物:
在本发明的另一实施例中,所述延迟荧光化合物可以由下式(8)表示:
其中Y9-Y16各自独立为氮原子或CR;并且R、R1、R2、X、L、n、及Z具有与以上所定义的相同的含意。
较佳的是,式(8)的延迟荧光化合物为下列化合物中的化合物:
较佳的是,所述延迟荧光化合物的单重态能量(singlet energy)与所述延迟荧光化合物的三重态能量(triplet energy)之间的差小于0.3eV。在一些实施例中,所述延迟荧光化合物用作发光材料。
在本发明的另一实施例中,揭示一种有机电致发光装置。所述有机电致发光装置包含由阴极和阳极组成的电极对、及在所述电极对之间的发光层及一个或更多个有机薄膜层。所述发光层和所述有机薄膜层中的至少一者包含式(1)的延迟荧光化合物。
在一些实施例中,包含所述延迟荧光化合物的所述发光层为延迟荧光主体材料。在一些实施例中,所述发光层可以进一步包含第二荧光主体材料。所述第二荧光主体材料可以是以下化合物H1:
在一些实施例中,包含所述延迟荧光化合物的所述发光层为磷光主体材料。在一些实施例中,所述发光层可以进一步包括主体材料,所述主体材料可以是上述化合物H1,并且所述延迟荧光化合物用作掺杂材料。在一些实施例中,所述发光层可以进一步包含第二荧光掺杂材料。
在一些实施例中,所述有机薄膜层可以包括电洞注入层、电洞传输层、电洞阻挡层、电子传输层、及电子注入层,并且所述电洞注入层、所述电洞传输层、所述电洞阻挡层、所述电子传输层、及所述电子注入层中的至少一者包含所述延迟荧光化合物。
在一些实施例中,包含所述延迟荧光化合物的所述有机薄膜层为电洞阻挡层。在一些实施例中,包含所述延迟荧光化合物的所述有机薄膜层为电子传输层。
在本发明的又另一实施例中,所述有机电致发光装置为发光面板。在本发明的进一步实施例中,所述有机电致发光装置为背光面板。
将藉由以下的示例性实施例来清楚阐明本发明的延迟荧光化合物的详细制备,但本发明并不限于这些示例性实施例。实施例1至实施例7展示本发明的延迟荧光化合物的制备,而实施例8展示有机电致发光装置的制造及测试报告。
实施例1
10H-螺[吖啶-9,4’-环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩](10H-spiro[acridine-9,4’-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene])的合成
在已除气且充满氮气的500ml三颈烧瓶中,将7.1g(28mmol)2-溴-N-苯基苯胺溶于无水四氢呋喃(200ml)中,然后降温至-68℃。之后缓慢加入23ml(58.5mmol)正丁基锂(2.5M),然后加入溶于无水四氢呋喃(40ml)的5g(26mmol)4’-环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩-4-酮。混合物升温至室温15小时后,将有机层分离并用氯仿和水萃取,然后真空除去溶剂而得到中间体。将中间体、2.5g(26mmol)甲磺酸、及100ml氯仿混合,然后在80℃下加热2小时。冷却至室温后,将有机层用二氯甲烷和NaHCO3(水溶液)萃取,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥。之后除去溶剂,残余物用硅胶管柱层析进行纯化,得到10H-螺[吖啶-9,4’-环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩](2.67g,40%)。
化合物C2的合成
在已除气且充满氮气的100ml三颈烧瓶中,加入2g(5.8mmol)10H-螺[吖啶-9,4’-环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩、2.8g(7mmol)2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、0.1g(0.012mmol)Pd2(dba)3、0.06g(0.024mmol)三叔丁基鏻四氟硼酸盐、1.2g(4.2mmol)叔丁醇钠、及40ml邻二甲苯,然后在130℃下加热16小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物过滤得到固体。将固体用水和甲醇洗涤,然后过滤得到化合物C2(3.4g,89%),为深黄色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):化学位移(ppm)9.09(d,2H),8.9~8.8(d,4H),7.68~7.58(m,8H),7.17(d,2H),7.02(d,2H),6.98(m,2H),6.67(d,4H),6.46(d,2H)。
实施例2
化合物C3的合成
在已除气且充满氮气的100ml三颈烧瓶中,加入3g(8.7mmol)10H-螺[吖啶-9,4’-环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩、4.2g(10.5mmol)2-(3-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、0.15g(0.018mmol)Pd2(dba)3、0.09g(0.036mmol)三叔丁基鏻四氟硼酸盐、1.8g(6.3mmol)叔丁醇钠、及60ml邻二甲苯,然后在130℃下加热16小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物过滤得到固体。将固体用水和甲醇洗涤,然后过滤得到化合物C3(4.5g,79%),为暗黄色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):化学位移(ppm)9.09(d,2H),8.9~8.8(d,4H),7.68~7.58(m,8H),7.17(d,2H),7.02(d,2H),6.98(m,2H),6.67(d,4H),6.46(d,2H)。
实施例3
化合物C95的合成
在已除气且充满氮气的100ml三颈烧瓶中,加入3g(8.7mmol)10H-螺[吖啶-9,4’-环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩、3.1g(10.5mmol)2-溴二苯并[b,d]噻吩-5,5-二氧化物、0.15g(0.018mmol)Pd2(dba)3、0.09g(0.036mmol)三叔丁基鏻四氟硼酸盐、1.8g(6.3mmol)叔丁醇钠、及60ml甲苯,然后在130℃下加热16小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物过滤得到固体。将固体用水和甲醇洗涤,然后过滤得到化合物C95(4.1g,70%),为暗黄色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):化学位移(ppm)7.95-7.91(m,3H),7.60(d,1H),7.50(d,1H),7.45~7.44(d,2H),7.18(d,2H),7.08(d,2H),6.96(m,2H),6.68(d,4H),6.48(d,2H)。
实施例4
化合物C115的合成
在已除气且充满氮气的100ml三颈烧瓶中,加入3g(8.7mmol)R1、3.14g(10.5mmol)R2、0.15g(0.018mmol)Pd2(dba)3、0.09g(0.036mmol)三叔丁基鏻四氟硼酸盐、1.8g(6.3mmol)叔丁醇钠、及60ml甲苯,然后在130℃下加热16小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物过滤得到固体。将固体用水和甲醇洗涤,然后过滤得到化合物C115(3.9g,80%),为暗黄色固体。MS(m/z,EI+):559.72。
实施例5
化合物C44的合成
在已除气且充满氮气的100ml三颈烧瓶中,加入3g(8.7mmol)10H-螺[吖啶-9,4’-环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩、4.06g(10.5mmol)2-(3-溴苯基)-2,6-二苯基嘧啶、0.15g(0.018mmol)Pd2(dba)3、0.09g(0.036mmol)三叔丁基鏻四氟硼酸盐、1.8g(6.3mmol)叔丁醇钠、及60ml邻二甲苯,然后在130℃下加热16小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物过滤得到固体。将固体用水和甲醇洗涤,然后过滤得到化合物C44(4.08g,60%),为深橙色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):化学位移(ppm)9.09(d,2H),8.9~8.8(d,4H),7.68~7.58(m,8H),7.17(d,2H),7.02(d,2H),6.98(m,2H),6.67(d,4H),6.46(d,2H)。
实施例6
化合物C127的合成
在已除气且充满氮气的100ml三颈烧瓶中,加入3g(8.7mmol)10H-螺[吖啶-9,4'-环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩、1.25g(10.5mmol)3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶、0.15g(0.018mmol)Pd2(dba)3、0.09g(0.036mmol)三叔丁基鏻四氟硼酸盐、1.8g(6.3mmol)叔丁醇钠、及60ml邻二甲苯,然后在130℃下加热16小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物过滤得到固体。将固体用水和甲醇洗涤,然后过滤得到化合物C127(3.4g,60%),为深橙色固体。MS(m/z,EI+):460.57。
实施例7
6’H-螺[环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩-4,13’-二苯并[b]吖啶的合成
在已除气且充满氮气的500ml三颈烧瓶中,将7.1g(20mmol)3-溴-N-(萘-2-基)萘-2-胺溶于无水四氢呋喃(200ml),然后降温至-68℃。之后缓慢加入17ml(41.7mmol)正丁基锂(2.5M),然后加入溶于无水四氢呋喃(40ml)的3.3g(18.6mmol)4’-环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩-4-酮。混合物升温至室温15小时后,将有机层分离,用氯仿和水萃取,然后真空除去溶剂,得到中间体。将中间体、1.8g(18.6mmol)甲磺酸、及100ml氯仿混合,然后在80℃下加热2小时。冷却至室温后,将有机层用二氯甲烷和NaHCO3(水溶液)萃取,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥。然后除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶管柱层析纯化,得到6’H-螺[环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩-4,13’-二苯并[b]吖啶(3g,40%)。
化合物C25的合成
在已除气且充满氮气的100ml三颈烧瓶中,加入2.57g(5.8mmol)6’H-螺[环戊并[2,1-b:3,4-b’]二噻吩-4,13’-二苯并[b]吖啶、2.8g(7mmol)2-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、0.1g(0.012mmol)Pd2(dba)3、0.06g(0.024mmol)三叔丁基鏻四氟硼酸盐、1.2g(4.2mmol)叔丁醇钠、及40ml邻二甲苯,然后在130℃下加热16小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物过滤得到固体。将固体用水和甲醇洗涤,然后过滤得到化合物C25(3g,68%),为深黄色固体。MS(m/z,EI+):750.94。
延迟荧光化合物的光物理性质的测量方法
光物理特性分析:合成的化合物在高真空下通过温度梯度升华进行纯化,然后用于随后的研究。在基础压力<10-6托的真空腔室中在石英基板上通过热蒸发以1-2A/秒制备用于光物理特性分析的薄膜。通过UV-vis-NIR分光亮度计(UV-1650PC,Shimadzu)对所得薄膜和稀释溶液的吸收光谱进行特性分析。通过分光荧光计(FluoroMax-P,Horiba JobinYvon Inc.)对光致发光(PL)光谱、光致发光量子产率(PLQY)、及磷光光谱进行特性分析。使用此配备有校准积分球的分光荧光计测定薄膜或稀释溶液的PLQY。使用选择的单色激发光来激发置于校准积分球中的样品。通过比较单色激发光与PL发射的光谱强度来测得PL量子产率。通过配备有微秒闪光灯作为脉冲激发源的分光荧光计在77K(液氮温度)下测量薄膜或稀释溶液的磷光光谱。在脉冲激发与发射光谱收集之间插入10ms的延迟时间。使用时间关联的单光子计数技术在PL峰值波长处监测强度的衰减来测量时间解析的PL(PL衰减曲线),时间关联的单光子计数技术是使用荧光寿命系统(FluoroCube,Horiba JobinYvonInc.)和来自UV发光二极管的纳秒脉冲光激发(300nm)。将样品置于具有温度控制的真空低温恒温室中。使用此在脉冲激发与发射光谱收集之间具有200ns延迟时间和10us延迟时间的同一荧光寿命系统来收集及时和延迟部分的PL光谱。电化学特性分析:使用CHI 619B恒电位仪通过循环伏安法测量氧化/还原电位。使用溶于CH2Cl2的0.1M n-Bu4NPF6(TBAPF6)作为支持电解质及100mVs-1的扫描速率通过循环伏安法(CV)测定氧化电位。使用溶于DMF的0.1M n-Bu4NClO4(TBAP)作为支持电解质及100mVs-1的扫描速率记录还原电位。使用包含银/氯化银(Ag/AgCl)、铂丝及玻璃碳电极分别作为参考电极、相对电极、及工作电极的标准3电极电池。相对于作为参考电极的Ag/AgCl(饱和的)记录所有的电位。使用校准积分球测量系统收集总发射通量,相对于Ag/AgCl(饱和的),在CH2Cl2/TBAPF6中二茂铁/二茂铁离子(Fc/Fc+)氧化还原对的氧化发生于E'o=+0.47V,而且在DMF/TBAP中二茂铁/二茂铁离子(Fc/Fc+)氧化还原对的还原发生于E”o=+0.51V。
图2和图3显示溶于甲苯溶液的化合物C2和C3的瞬时衰变曲线。从曲线可以明显看出,本发明的延迟荧光化合物具有延迟荧光的特性。图4显示化合物C2和C3的光致发光光谱测量结果。
生产有机电致发光装置的一般方法
提供阻值为9~12欧姆/平方(ohm/square)及厚度为120~160nm的铟锡氧化物涂层玻璃(以下称为ITO基板),并在超声波浴(例如洗涤剂、去离子水)中进行多步骤清洗。在气相沉积有机层之前,通过紫外光(UV)和臭氧进一步处理清洗过的ITO基板。ITO基板的所有预处理工艺皆在洁净室(100级)内进行。
在高真空设备(例如:电阻加热的石英舟,10-7Torr)中通过气相沉积将这些有机层依序涂布到ITO基板上。藉助石英晶体监视器来精确监控或设定各层的厚度和气相沉积速率(0.1~0.3nm/sec)。如上所述,还可以使个别层包含多于一种化合物,即通常掺杂有掺杂材料的主体材料,此可通过来自两个或更多个来源的共气相沉积来实现。
在此有机电致发光装置中使用二吡嗪并[2,3-f:2,3-]喹喔啉-2,3,6,7,10,11-六腈(dipyrazino[2,3-f:2,3-]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile)(HAT-CN)作为电洞注入层,并在本发明中使用N4,N4’-二(联苯-4-基)-N4,N4’-二苯基联苯基-4,4’-二胺(N4,N4’-di(biphenyl-4-yl)-N4,N4’-diphenylbiphenyl-4,4’-diamine)(HT1)作为电洞传输层、使用N-(联苯-4-基)-9,9-二甲基-N-(4’-苯基联苯-4-基)-9氢-茀-2-胺(N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4’-phenylbiphenyl-4-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine)(EB2)作为电子阻挡层、使用H1作为磷光主体材料和延迟荧光主体材料来与本发明进行比较或标准化。化学结构如下所示:
本发明制备的以下延迟荧光实施例可由有机电致发光装置验证并用作其发光层中的延迟荧光掺杂材料、延迟荧光主体材料、或磷光主体材料、及/或用于其电洞阻挡层及/或电子传输层。本发明中使用化合物A作为比较的延迟荧光掺杂剂(化合物A来自DOI:10.1002/adma.201601675)。
有机铱复合物广泛用作发光层的磷光掺杂剂,而Ir(ppy)3广泛用于有机电致发光装置用作发光层的绿色磷光掺杂剂。
使用2,2’,2”-(1,3,5-苯三基)-三(1-苯基-1-氢-苯并咪唑)(2,2’,2”-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole))(TPBi)及HB3(参见下列化学结构)作为电洞阻挡材料(HBM),并使用2-(10,10-二甲基-10氢-茚并[2,1-b]三伸苯-12-基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(2-(10,10-dimethyl-10H-indeno[2,1-b]triphenylen-12-yl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine)(ET2)作为电子传输材料,以在有机EL装置中与8-羟基喹啉-锂(8-hydroxyquinolato-lithium,LiQ)共沉积。本发明中用于制作标准有机EL装置对照与比较材料的其他现有技术OLED材料的化学结构如下所示:
有机EL装置一般包含通过热蒸发作为阴极的低功函数金属,例如Al、Mg、Ca、Li及K,且所述低功函数金属可有助于电子从阴极注入电子传输层。另外,在阴极与电子传输层之间引入薄膜电子注入层,用于减少电子注入障碍并提高有机EL装置性能。已知的电洞注入层材料为具有低功函数的金属卤化物或金属氧化物,例如:LiF、LiQ、MgO或Li2O。另一方面,在制作有机EL装置之后,通过使用PR650光谱扫描光谱仪测量EL光谱及CIE坐标。此外,电流/电压、发光/电压及产率/电压特性都使用吉时利(Keithley)2400可编程电压电流源来检测。在室温(约25℃)及大气压下操作上述设备。
实施例8
使用与上述一般方法类似的程序制作具有下列装置结构的有机EL装置(参见图1)。有机EL装置包含透明电极6与金属电极14,其间依序分别为沉积在透明电极6上的电洞注入层7、沉积在电洞注入层7上的电洞传输层8、沉积在电洞传输层8上的电子阻挡层9、沉积在电子阻挡层9上的发光层10、沉积在发光层10上的电洞阻挡层11、沉积在电洞阻挡层11上的电子传输层12、沉积在电子传输层12上的电子注入层13,并且金属电极14沉积在电子注入层13上。装置:ITO/HAT-CN(20nm)/HT1(110nm)/EB2(5nm)/Host+10%~30%掺杂剂(30nm)/HBM(10nm)/掺杂40%LiQ的ETM(35nm)/LiQ(1nm)/Al(160nm)。有机EL装置的I-V-B测试报告(1000尼特亮度时)如表1所示。
表1
掺杂剂(%) | 主体 | HBM | ETM | 电压(V) | 效率(cd/A) |
A(20%) | H1 | TPBi | ET2 | 5.0 | 10 |
C2(20%) | H1 | TPBi | ET2 | 4.9 | 14 |
C3(20%) | H1 | TPBi | ET2 | 4.8 | 20 |
C44(25%) | H1 | TPBi | ET2 | 5.0 | 18 |
C25(25%) | H1 | TPBi | ET2 | 4.9 | 13 |
C2(20%) | C127 | TPBi | ET2 | 4.8 | 14 |
Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>(8%) | H1 | HB3 | ET2 | 4.9 | 10 |
Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>(8%) | C127 | HB3 | ET2 | 4.8 | 14 |
Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>(8%) | H1 | C115 | ET2 | 4.8 | 15 |
Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>(8%) | H1 | C95 | ET2 | 4.7 | 16 |
Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>(8%) | H1 | HB3 | C2 | 4.9 | 19 |
Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>(8%) | H1 | HB3 | C3 | 4.8 | 20 |
在上述进行有机EL装置测试的优选实施例(参见表1)中,展示了本发明中用作发光层的热活化延迟荧光(TADF)掺杂材料、延迟荧光主体材料、或磷光主体材料、或用于有机EL装置的电洞阻挡层或电子传输层的式(1)延迟荧光化合物具有比现有技术的有机EL材料更良好的性能表现。尤其,化合物C3用作有机EL装置的延迟荧光掺杂材料表现出比化合物A更好的效率。
总而言之,本发明揭示了延迟荧光化合物,所述延迟荧光化合物可用作发光层中的延迟荧光掺杂材料、延迟荧光主体材料、或磷光主体材料、及/或用于有机电致发光装置的电洞阻挡层及/或电子传输层。所述的延迟荧光化合物由下式(1)表示:
其中X为O、S、或Se;Y1-Y8各自独立为氮原子或CR;R、R1、及R2各自独立选自由氢原子、卤化物、硝基、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪(pyridazine)、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烯基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、及具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基所组成的群组;L表示式(2):
n为0或1;且Z选自式(3)-式(7):
以及
其中R3至R10各自独立选自由氢原子、卤化物、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基、及具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基所组成的群组;Y2和Y3可选地彼此连接而形成芳香环或杂芳香环;及Y6和Y7可选地彼此连接而形成芳香环或杂芳香环。
Claims (19)
1.一种式(1)的延迟荧光化合物:
其中X为O、S、或Se;Y1-Y8各自独立为氮原子或CR;R、R1、及R2各自独立选自由氢原子、卤化物、硝基、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烯基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、及具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基所组成的群组;L表示式(2):
n为0或1;且Z选自式(3)-式(7):
以及
其中R3至R10各自独立选自由氢原子、卤化物、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基、及具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基所组成的群组;Y2和Y3可选地彼此连接而形成芳香环或杂芳香环;及Y6和Y7可选地彼此连接而形成芳香环或杂芳香环。
2.如权利要求1所述的延迟荧光化合物,进一步包含式(8)的结构:
其中Y9-Y16各自独立为氮原子或CR;并且R、R1、R2、X、L、n、及Z具有与权利要求1中所定义的相同的含意。
3.如权利要求1所述的延迟荧光化合物,其中所述延迟荧光化合物为下列化合物中的化合物:
4.如权利要求2所述的延迟荧光化合物,其中所述延迟荧光化合物为下列化合物中的化合物:
5.如权利要求1所述的延迟荧光化合物,其中所述延迟荧光化合物的单重态能量与所述延迟荧光化合物的三重态能量之间的差小于0.3eV。
6.如权利要求1所述的延迟荧光化合物,其中所述延迟荧光化合物用作发光材料。
7.一种有机电致发光装置,包含由阴极和阳极组成的电极对、及在所述电极对之间的发光层及一个或更多个有机薄膜层,其中所述发光层和所述有机薄膜层中的至少一者包含如权利要求1所述的延迟荧光化合物。
8.如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光装置,其中包含所述延迟荧光化合物的所述发光层为延迟荧光主体材料。
9.如权利要求8所述的有机电致发光装置,其中所述发光层进一步包含第二荧光主体材料。
10.如权利要求9所述的有机电致发光装置,其中所述第二荧光主体材料为:以下化合物:
11.如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光装置,其中包含所述延迟荧光化合物的所述发光层为磷光主体材料。
12.如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光装置,其中所述发光层进一步包括主体材料,并且所述延迟荧光化合物用作掺杂材料。
13.如权利要求12所述的有机电致发光装置,其中所述主体材料为以下化合物:
14.如权利要求12所述的有机电致发光装置,其中所述发光层进一步包含第二荧光掺杂材料。
15.如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光装置,其中所述有机薄膜层包括电洞注入层、电洞传输层、电洞阻挡层、电子传输层、及电子注入层,并且所述电洞注入层、所述电洞传输层、所述电洞阻挡层、所述电子传输层、及所述电子注入层中的至少一者包含所述延迟荧光化合物。
16.如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光装置,其中包含所述延迟荧光化合物的所述有机薄膜层为电洞阻挡层。
17.如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光装置,其中包含所述延迟荧光化合物的所述有机薄膜层为电子传输层。
18.如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光装置,其中所述有机电致发光装置为发光面板。
19.如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光装置,其中所述有机电致发光装置为背光面板。
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