CN109518462A - 一种超亲油超疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种超亲油超疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN109518462A
CN109518462A CN201811195697.7A CN201811195697A CN109518462A CN 109518462 A CN109518462 A CN 109518462A CN 201811195697 A CN201811195697 A CN 201811195697A CN 109518462 A CN109518462 A CN 109518462A
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姜勇
周旋
江鹏飞
张川
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Southeast University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超亲油超疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用，该超亲油超疏水涂料主要是由如下重量份比例的原料制成：挥发性有机溶剂50‑100份，疏水性微纳颗粒0.1‑2份，耐水性树脂0.5‑2份，固化剂0.05‑0.2份。利用本发明涂料制得的纺织品与水接触角大于150°，而与油滴的接触角接近0°，且处理过的纺织品机械性能良好、抗紫外、耐酸碱并具有一定自修复功能，连续多次油水分离实验后分离效率仍保持95％以上。同时制备工艺简单易行，过程易于控制，无毒无害，可用于大规模生产。

Description

一种超亲油超疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超亲油超疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用，属于超亲油超疏水涂料技术领域。
背景技术
超疏水界面功能材料是一种具有特殊浸润性的材料。对于超疏水材料，水滴可以在其表面呈现类似于球形的良好的几何形貌而无法润湿其表面。在某些超疏水界面上，水滴在不浸润表面的同时，还可以自由的滚动，并能够带走表面的灰尘等固体杂质，达到自清洁的效果，我们称之为“荷叶效应”。
仿生超疏水涂层符合社会发展的要求，因此有着巨大的发展潜力。超疏水表面已应用于许多领域，包括自清洁、防腐、防雾、自愈、防结冰、抗生物粘附、减阻、抗菌、和油水分离等。
迄今为止，已有多种制备超疏水涂层的方法成功应用，如溶胶-凝胶法，层层自组装法，气相沉积法，蚀刻法等。然而在实际生产中，部分昂贵的药品，复杂的操作过程以及需要特殊设备等因素限制了超疏水涂层的应用。因此，一种操作简单，低成本和不依赖特殊设备的制备方法对于实际应用至关重要。除了出色的性能外，良好的机械性能同样重要。
发明内容
发明目的：为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种超亲油超疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用，该涂料所制备的织物可用于油水分离，分离效率高，具有一定自修复功能，此方法工艺简单、成本低廉、对设备要求不高、重复性好可大规模生产。
技术方案：为达到上述发明目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种超亲油超疏水涂料，其主要是由如下重量份比例的原料制成：
挥发性有机溶剂50-100份，疏水性微纳颗粒0.1-2份，疏水性树脂0.5-2份，
固化剂0.05-0.2份。
所述挥发性溶剂包括醇类、酮类、醚类、脂类中的一种或多种。
所述疏水性微纳颗粒包括疏水性二氧化钛、二氧化硅、十八胺、氧化锌、氧化锆、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。
所述疏水性树脂包括能室温固化的氟碳树脂或有机硅树脂中的一种或多种。
所述固化剂包括二异氰酸酯、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷、γ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
所述的超亲油超疏水涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将疏水性微纳颗粒加入到挥发性有机溶剂中，在600～1200rpm的转速下磁力搅拌1～2h，再超声分散15～30min，最后将耐水性树脂和固化剂加入挥发性有机溶剂中，超声15～30min，即可获得超疏水纤维处理液，即得。
所述的超亲油超疏水涂料在制备油水分离且具有自修复功能的纺织品中的应用，包括以下步骤：将普通织物浸泡在所述超亲油超疏水涂料中3～5min，最后取出织物在90～120℃条件下干燥0.5～1h，即可获得超疏水织物。
所述普通织物为涤纶、尼龙、棉、纱布、海绵及混纺织物等。
技术效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案具有以下技术优势：
1)工艺简单、原料易得、不含氟及其他有毒有害物质、成本低廉；
2)机械性能良好，在砂纸打磨、胶带反复粘贴、醇溶液中长时间超声、强酸强碱浸泡、长时间紫外照射情况下仍保持超疏水性能；
3)油水分离效率高，且能连续分离，分离速度快；利用本发明涂料制得的纺织品与水接触角大于150°，而与油滴的接触角接近0°。
4)有一定自修复功能，损坏的超疏水织物在一定温度烘烤下可缓慢恢复超疏水性能；
5)本发明提供的超疏水织物油水分离范围广，重油(密度大于水)和轻油(密度小于水)与水的混合物都可高效分离。
附图说明
图1：本发明中超疏水涂层的水滴接触角光学照片。
图2.本发明中超疏水织物的低倍扫描电镜图片。
图3.本发明中超疏水织物的高倍扫描电镜图片。
图4.本发明中超疏水织物用于油水分离的图片。。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解和应用本发明，下面将结合实施例进一步阐释本发明的内容。
实施例1
(1)超疏水纤维处理液的制备：将1份二氧化钛纳米粒子和2份聚乙烯醇缩丁醛加入到20ml乙醇和30ml异丙醇混合溶液中，在800rpm的转速下磁力搅拌2h，再超声分散30min，最后将1份有机硅树脂，0.1份丙基三乙氧基硅烷固化剂，加入四氢呋喃溶剂中，超声30min，即可获得超疏水纤维处理液。
(2)超疏水织物的制备：将涤纶浸泡在溶液中5min，最后取出织物在90℃条件下干燥1h即可获得超疏水织物。
图1为超疏水涤纶织物的水滴接触角光学照片。所制备的超疏水棉织物在用胶带粘贴再揭下过程中重复35次，水的接触角保持在150°以上，表现出良好的机械性能。
实施例2
(1)超疏水纤维处理液的制备：将0.2份二氧化硅纳米粒子和2份聚乙烯醇缩丁醛加入到80份异丙醇溶液中，在600rpm的转速下磁力搅拌1h，再超声分散30min，最后将1份有机硅树脂，0.05份乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷固化剂，加入挥发性溶剂中，超声20min，即可获得超疏水纤维处理液。
(2)超疏水织物的制备：将纯棉织物浸泡在溶液中3min，最后取出织物在120℃条件下干燥0.5h即可获得超疏水织物。
图2为超疏水棉织物的低倍扫描电镜图片。所制备的超疏水棉织物在600目的砂纸上负载200g砝码打磨240cm距离后水的接触角保持在150°以上，表现出良好的机械性能。
实施例3
(1)超疏水纤维处理液的制备：将0.3份十八胺加入到40份乙醇和60份异丙醇溶液中，在1000rpm的转速下磁力搅拌2h，再超声分散15min，最后将1份疏水性氟碳树脂，0.2份六亚甲基二异氰酸酯固化剂，加入挥发性溶剂中，超声15min，即可获得超疏水纤维处理液。
(2)超疏水织物的制备：将纯棉织物浸泡在溶液中5min，最后取出织物在120℃条件下干燥0.5h即可获得超疏水织物。图3为超疏水棉织物的高倍扫描电镜图片。
实施例4
(1)超疏水纤维处理液的制备：将1份氧化锌纳米粒子加入到80份乙酸乙酯溶液中，在1200rpm的转速下磁力搅拌2h，再超声分散30min，最后将1份疏水性氟碳树脂，0.1份六亚甲基二异氰酸酯固化剂，加入挥发性溶剂中，超声30min，即可获得超疏水纤维处理液。
(2)超疏水织物的制备：将涤纶织物浸泡在溶液中5min，最后取出织物在120℃条件下干燥1h即可获得超疏水织物。图4为超疏水涤纶织物用于油水分离的图片。
实施例5
与实施例1相同，不同之处仅在于如下：
挥发性有机溶剂50份，疏水性微纳颗粒0.1份，耐水性树脂0.5份，固化剂0.05份。
制备过程中，先在600rpm的转速下磁力搅拌2h，再超声分散15min，最后将疏水性树脂和固化剂加入挥发性有机溶剂中，超声15min，其余均相同。
经过性能检测，结果与上述实施例基本相同。
实施例6
与实施例1相同，不同之处仅在于如下：
挥发性有机溶剂100份，疏水性微纳颗粒2份，耐水性树脂2份，固化剂0.2份。
制备过程中，先在1200rpm的转速下磁力搅拌1h，再超声分散30min，最后将疏水性树脂和固化剂加入挥发性有机溶剂中，超声30min，其余均相同。
经过性能检测，结果与上述实施例基本相同。

Claims (9)

1.一种超亲油超疏水涂料，其特征在于，其主要是由如下重量份比例的原料制成：
挥发性有机溶剂50-100份，疏水性微纳颗粒0.1-2份，耐水性树脂0.5-2份，
固化剂0.05-0.2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超亲油超疏水涂料，其特征在于，所述挥发性溶剂为醇类、酮类、醚类、脂类中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超亲油超疏水涂料，其特征在于，所述疏水性微纳颗粒包括疏水性二氧化钛、二氧化硅、十八胺、氧化锌、氧化锆、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超亲油超疏水涂料，其特征在于，所述耐水性树脂包括能室温固化的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛或者氟碳树脂或有机硅树脂中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超亲油超疏水涂料，其特征在于，所述固化剂包括二异氰酸酯、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷、γ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的超亲油超疏水涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将疏水性微纳颗粒加入到挥发性有机溶剂中，在600～1200rpm的转速下磁力搅拌1～2h，再超声分散15～30min，最后将疏水性树脂和固化剂加入挥发性有机溶剂中，超声15～30min，即可获得超疏水纤维处理液，即得。
7.权利要求1-5任一项其特征在于所述的超亲油超疏水涂料在制备油水分离且具有自修复功能的纺织品中的应用。
8.根据权利要求9所述的应用，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将普通织物浸泡在所述超亲油超疏水涂料中3～5min，最后取出织物在90～120℃条件下干燥0.5～1h，即可获得超疏水织物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用，其特征在于，所述普通织物为涤纶、尼龙、棉、纱布、海绵及混纺织物。
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