CN109322144A - 一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂及其整理方法 - Google Patents

一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂及其整理方法 Download PDF

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CN109322144A
CN109322144A CN201811185980.1A CN201811185980A CN109322144A CN 109322144 A CN109322144 A CN 109322144A CN 201811185980 A CN201811185980 A CN 201811185980A CN 109322144 A CN109322144 A CN 109322144A
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hydrophobic
finishing agent
siloxanes
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葛骅
姚芳
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Hangzhou Na Microbial Chemistry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂及其整理方法，所述耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂包含以下组分：纳米材料、成膜材料、硅氧烷、疏水剂和溶剂。本发明还提出了一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂整理纺织品的方法，用所述的耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂对纺织品进行喷涂或浸涂，然后对纺织品进行预烘和培烘。本发明通过具有反应活性的硅氧烷提高了成膜物质与纺织品之间的牢度，同时疏水剂的使用提高了纳米粒子与成膜物质之间的粘结强度，经其整理后的纺织品疏水性强，具有很好的耐洗性；同时本发明的整理纺织品的方法简单易行，适于大规模的应用推广。

Description

一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂及其整理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品整理技术领域，特别是指一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，还涉及一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂的整理方法。
背景技术
自20世纪90年代德国波恩大学Barthlott研究小组首次报告了荷叶表面具有的超疏水特性研究以来，此表面特性也被广泛称为“荷叶效应”。超疏水表面一般是指固体表面与水滴的接触角大于150°且滚动角小于10°。由于超疏水表面与水的接触面积非常小，水滴不能在其表面停留，极易从表面滚落。因此，超疏水表面不仅具有自清洁功能，而且还具有防腐蚀、防水、减阻、防雾、抗冰等功能。
由于纺织品的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们对纺织品的功能需求不仅仅停留在最基本的服用性能上，那些具有自清洁、抗菌除臭、抗紫外线等功能的纺织品往往更容易受到人们的青睐。对于纺织印染企业来说，赋予纺织品特殊的功能对改善产品质量，提高产品附加值具有至关重要的作用。超疏水纺织品作为防水纺织品的一种，能够赋予较防水纺织品更好的性能，如防水、抗污染、抗粘结和自清洁等，因此不但在工业、军用领域有着重要的作用，而且在日常生活中也有着极其广泛的应用，如工业用防水布、军用作战服、防雨/防雪户外服、潜水衣、露天帐篷以及卫生包装等。
目前超疏水纺织品涂层的构筑主要有两种途径，一种是采用混合纺丝技术制备具有超疏水的纳米纤维，然后再将其编织成织物，但这种方法的技术要求较高，且仅适合于合成纤维；另一种方法是通过后整理技术对织物或成品进行后整理以获得超疏水功能，这类方法对于织物的要求较低，适用范围广泛。目前常用于超疏水织物的后整理方法有：刻蚀法、溶胶凝胶法、层层自组装法、化学气相沉积法等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出了一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂及其整理方法，经过整理后的纺织品呈现出很好的超疏水和耐久性，同时其整理方法简单，适于大规模的应用推广。
本发明采取的技术方案如下：一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，用于织物纤维的超疏水改性，至少包括：纳米材料、成膜材料、硅氧烷、疏水剂和溶剂，其中纳米材料、成膜物质和疏水剂通过相分离形成超疏水涂层，该超疏水涂层通过硅氧烷中与织物纤维连接，硅氧烷一方面对织物纤维有物理缠绕，另一方面具有化学键连接，超疏水涂层与硅氧烷通过化学键连接。
进一步地，所述纳米材料包括以下各项中的一种或多种：二氧化钛、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、氧化锌、高岭土、氧化铝和聚四氟乙烯。
进一步地，所述成膜物质包括以下各项中的一种或多种：丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂或有机硅树脂。
进一步地，所述硅氧烷包括以下各项中的一种或多种：羟基硅氧烷、含氢硅氧烷、氨基硅氧烷或环氧硅氧烷。
进一步地，所述疏水剂包括以下各项中的一种或多种：十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷和十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷。
进一步地，还包括助剂，所述的助剂主要包括消泡剂、偶联剂、促进剂、防沉剂、催化剂、颜料等。
进一步地，所述的溶剂包括以下各项中的一种或多种：丙酮、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇。
进一步地，所述成膜物质与所述硅氧烷的质量比为0.07-49:1；所述成膜物质及所述硅氧烷两者的总质量与所述纳米材料质量的比值为0.01-7.5:1；所述成膜物质及所述硅氧烷两者的总质量与所述疏水剂质量的比值为3.75-20:1。
一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂整理纺织品的方法，用所述耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂对纺织品进行喷涂或浸涂，然后对纺织品进行预烘和焙烘。
本发明的有益效果主要表现在：本发明的耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂通过具有反应活性的硅氧烷提高了成膜物质与纺织品之间的牢度，同时疏水剂的使用提高了纳米粒子与成膜物质之间的粘结强度，经其整理后的纺织品疏水性强，具有很好的耐洗性；同时本发明的整理纺织品的方法简单易行，适于大规模的应用推广。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中经整理后超疏水棉织物表面形貌的扫描电镜图。
图2为本发明实施例1中经整理后超疏水棉织物对水的接触角状态图。
图3为本发明实施例1中经10回合标准水洗实验后超疏水棉织物对水的接触角状态图。
图4为本发明实施例1中经20回合标准水洗实验后超疏水棉织物对水的接触角状态图。
图5为本发明实施例2中经整理后超疏水尼龙织物表面形貌的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方法
为了更好的理解本发明，下面通过以下实施例作进一步的阐述，但不可理解为对本发明的限定，对于本领域的技术人员根据上述发明内容所做的一些非本质的改进和调整，也视为在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
整理剂的制备：将6.0g疏水性气相二氧化硅（R974）、0.3g聚氨酯树脂（KL-540E）、0.3g氨基聚硅氧烷（JF-801）、0.05g十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷和0.05g硅烷偶联剂（HK550）加入到30g丙酮和10g异丙醇的混合溶液中，机械搅拌30分钟即可。
整理方法：将得到的整理剂通过压力为15psi的空气枪，以20cm的距离和8cm/s的速度喷3遍于干净的棉织物上，然后将棉织物放于烘箱中60℃预烘30分钟，130℃焙烘2小时，最终得到超疏水棉织物。
表征结果：图1为超疏水棉织物表面形貌的扫描电镜图。图1-1中显示棉织物纤维表面有一层致密的涂层，说明硅氧烷通过化学键连接与物理缠绕作用促使涂层可以紧密的附着在纤维表面，同时涂层表面没有裂纹，说明硅氧烷与成膜物质之间通过化学键连接提高了相容性；图1-2显示了涂层表面的微纳结构，其呈现出具有微纳米级别的粗糙结构是由纳米材料、成膜物质和疏水剂通过相分离形成的。
测试结果：超疏水棉织物的静态接触角为158°，滚动角为4°；将超疏水棉织物浸入含1wt%洗衣液的水溶液中，300转速下搅拌15分钟，室温晾干为一回合水洗实验。经测试，超疏水棉织物在标准水洗实验10回合和20回合后的接触角分别为151°和145°，滚动角分别为6°和8°，依然保持很好的超疏水性。
实施例2
整理剂的制备：将1.2g纳米聚四氟乙烯颗粒（3M-1600）、0.02g有机硅树脂（OS-903AB）、0.02g氨基改性聚硅氧烷（JF-801）、0.02g环氧改性聚硅氧烷（JF-526）、0.005g辛基三乙氧基硅烷和0.005g硅烷偶联剂（HK550）加入到20g丙酮和20g二甲苯的混合溶液中，机械搅拌30分钟即可。
整理方法：将得到的整理剂通过压力为15psi的空气枪，以20cm的距离和8cm/s的速度喷3遍于干净的尼龙织物上，然后将尼龙织物放于烘箱中80℃预烘30分钟，130℃焙烘2小时，最终得到超疏水尼龙织物。
表征结果：图5为超疏水尼龙织物表面形貌的扫描电镜图。图5-1中显示尼龙织物纤维表面有一层致密的涂层，说明硅氧烷通过化学键连接与物理缠绕作用促使涂层可以紧密的附着在纤维表面，同时涂层表面没有裂纹，说明硅氧烷与成膜物质之间通过化学键连接提高了相容性；图5-2显示了涂层表面的微纳结构，其呈现出具有微纳米级别的粗糙结构是由纳米材料、成膜物质和疏水剂通过相分离形成的。
测试结果：超疏水尼龙织物的静态接触角为168°，滚动角为2°；将超疏水尼龙织物浸入含1wt%洗衣液的水溶液中，300转速下搅拌15分钟，室温晾干为一回合水洗实验。经测试，超疏水尼龙织物在标准水洗实验10回合和20回合后的接触角分别为162°和157°，滚动角分别为4°和5°，依然保持很好的超疏水性。
实施例3
整理剂的制备：将4.5g疏水气相二氧化硅（TS-610）、0.04g环氧树脂（EPO-TEK301）、0.005g双氨基封端硅氧烷（ALFA-01361）、0.005g十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷和0.005g硅烷偶联剂（HK560）加入到20g异丙醇和20g乙醇的混合溶液中，机械搅拌30分钟即可。
整理方法：将得到的整理剂通过压力为15psi的空气枪，以20cm的距离和8cm/s的速度喷3遍于干净的涤纶织物上，然后将涤纶织物放于烘箱中80℃预烘30分钟，130℃焙烘2小时，最终得到超疏水涤纶织物。
测试结果：超疏水涤纶织物的静态接触角为162°，滚动角为2°；将超疏水涤纶织物浸入含1wt%洗衣液的水溶液中，300转速下搅拌15分钟，室温晾干为一回合水洗实验。经测试，超疏水涤纶织物在标准水洗实验10回合和20回合后的接触角分别为154°和150°，滚动角分别为4°和6°，依然保持很好的超疏水性。
实施例4
整理剂的制备：将0.8g纳米碳酸钙（TH-2500）、0.5g聚氨酯树脂（KL-540E）、0.05g含氢聚硅氧烷（JF-M22-26）、0.05g十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷和0.005g醋酸加入到30g丙酮和10g异丙醇的混合溶液中，机械搅拌30分钟即可。
整理方法：将棉织物浸于得到的整理剂中1小时，然后将棉织物放于烘箱中60℃预烘30分钟，130℃焙烘2小时，最终得到超疏水棉织物。
测试结果：超疏水棉织物的静态接触角为158°，滚动角为4°；将超疏水棉织物浸入含1wt%洗衣液的水溶液中，300转速下搅拌15分钟，室温晾干为一回合水洗实验。经测试，超疏水棉织物在标准水洗实验10回合和20回合后的接触角分别为154°和151°，滚动角分别为6°和8°，依然保持很好的超疏水性。
实施例5
整理剂的制备：将0.5g纳米氧化锌（PZT-30）、0.98g丙烯酸树脂（ACUSOL 845）、0.02g羟基聚硅氧烷（JF-M30-203）、0.05g全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷和0.005g醋酸加入到20g丙酮和20g乙酸乙酯的混合溶液中，机械搅拌30分钟即可。
整理方法：将尼龙织物浸于得到的整理剂中1小时，然后将棉织物放于烘箱中80℃预烘30分钟，130℃焙烘2小时，最终得到超疏水尼龙织物。
测试结果：超疏水尼龙织物的静态接触角为162°，滚动角为2°；将超疏水尼龙织物浸入含1wt%洗衣液的水溶液中，300转速下搅拌15分钟，室温晾干为一回合水洗实验。经测试，超疏水尼龙织物在标准水洗实验10回合和20回合后的接触角分别为157°和153°，滚动角分别为4°和7°，依然保持很好的超疏水性。
实施例6
整理剂的制备：将0.1g纳米高岭土（Polarite 403A）、0.05g环氧树脂（EPO-TEK301）、0.7g双环氧基封端硅氧烷（GP-600）、0.2g十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、0.05g硅烷偶联剂（HK550）和0.01g醋酸加入到20g异丙醇和20g甲醇醇的混合溶液中，机械搅拌30分钟即可。
整理方法：将得到的整理剂通过压力为15psi的空气枪，以20cm的距离和8cm/s的速度喷3遍于干净的棉织物上，然后将棉织物放于烘箱中80℃预烘30分钟，130℃焙烘2小时，最终得到超疏水棉织物。
测试结果：超疏水棉织物的静态接触角为159°，滚动角为3°；将超疏水棉织物浸入含1wt%洗衣液的水溶液中，300转速下搅拌15分钟，室温晾干为一回合水洗实验。经测试，超疏水棉织物在标准水洗实验10回合和20回合后的接触角分别为155°和152°，滚动角分别为4°和7°，依然保持很好的超疏水性。
上述实施例并非是对于本发明的限制，本发明并非仅限于上述实施例，只要符合本发明要求，均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，用于织物纤维的超疏水改性，其特征在于，至少包括：纳米材料、成膜材料、硅氧烷、疏水剂和溶剂等，其中纳米材料、成膜物质和疏水剂通过相分离形成超疏水涂层，该超疏水涂层通过硅氧烷中与织物纤维连接，硅氧烷一方面对织物纤维有物理缠绕，另一方面具有化学键连接，超疏水涂层与硅氧烷通过化学键连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，其特征在于：所述纳米材料包括以下各项中的一种或多种：二氧化钛、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、氧化锌、高岭土、氧化铝和聚四氟乙烯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，其特征在于：所述成膜物质包括以下各项中的一种或多种：丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂或有机硅树脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，其特征在于：所述硅氧烷包括以下各项中的一种或多种：羟基硅氧烷、含氢硅氧烷、氨基硅氧烷或环氧硅氧烷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，其特征在于：所述疏水剂包括以下各项中的一种或多种：十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷和十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，其特征在于：还包括助剂，所述的助剂主要包括消泡剂、偶联剂、促进剂、防沉剂、催化剂、颜料等。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，其特征在于：所述的溶剂包括以下各项中的一种或多种：丙酮、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂，其特征在于：所述成膜物质与所述硅氧烷的质量比为0.07-49:1；所述成膜物质及所述硅氧烷两者的总质量与所述纳米材料质量的比值为0.01-7.5:1；所述成膜物质及所述硅氧烷两者的总质量与所述疏水剂质量的比值为3.75-20:1。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述的耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂整理纺织品的方法，其特征在于：用所述耐久性超疏水纺织品整理剂对纺织品进行喷涂或浸涂，然后对纺织品进行预烘和焙烘。
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