CN110158310A - 一种织物拒水功能整理剂及其整理方法 - Google Patents
一种织物拒水功能整理剂及其整理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种织物拒水功能整理剂及其整理方法,整理剂包括以下重量份的原料:SiO2 20‑40份、Al2O3 20‑30份、羟基磷灰石10‑25份、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷10‑20份、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯9‑15份、三氯甲基硅烷15‑40份、有机硅油8‑16份、聚乙烯醇5‑15份、表面活性剂5‑10份、水50‑100份;所述的SiO2、Al2O3和羟基磷灰石为改性复合纳米粒子。从测试结果得出,本发明整理剂处理的面料具有良好的拒水性能,各项力学性能保持良好,其断裂强力有所升高,弯曲长度变化较小,从而说明拒水整理对织物的柔软性影响不大。因此,本发明所述的拒水整理剂在织物拒水整理方面具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域,具体涉及一种织物拒水功能整理剂及其整理方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展和人类生活水平的提高,传统纺织品的基本功能即遮羞御寒、装饰美化、礼仪作用等已远远不能满足人类对纺织品服用性能的要求,一些舒适性好、重量轻、织物柔软、防护性更高、透气、轻薄、保暖、会相变材料及更低成本、高性能的纺织品越来越受到人们的关注与喜爱。另外,纺织品除了用于服装外,还广泛用于装饰、产业等领域,这些领域也要求纺织品具有一些特殊性能,诸如拒水拒油、阻燃、防紫外等。其中,拒水整理发展时间较长,是与人们生活息息相关的整理技术之一。
拒水整理剂是一种具有低表面能基团的化合物,用其整理织物后可在织物表面均匀覆盖一层拒水整理剂分子,并由低表面能原子团组成新的表面层,使水不能润湿。拒水整理剂的种类很多,目前应用最广泛的拒水整理剂是含氟的有机聚合物,此类拒水剂既有卓越的拒水性能又有良好的拒油性能.耐久性好,而且不影响纤维原有的风格,因而受到消费者的青昧。
然而,研究资料表明,生产含氟整理剂过程中的助剂为全氟辛酸及其盐类(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS),它们具有潜在的致癌性,在整理中和整理后会释放氟化合物,危害人体和环境。由于 PFOA 和 PFOS 是一种化学稳定性极高的化合物,在环境中具有很高的持久性,并且会在环境中聚集,在生物体内积累,很难通过新陈代谢而分解,是目前最难降解的有机污染物。因此,无氟拒水整理剂的开发已经成为一个新的研究热点。
发明内容
为了解决以上现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种织物拒水功能整理剂及其整理方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种织物拒水功能整理剂,包括以下重量份的原料:SiO2 20-40份、Al2O3 20-30份、羟基磷灰石10-25份、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷10-20份、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯9-15份、三氯甲基硅烷15-40份、有机硅油8-16份、聚乙烯醇5-15份、表面活性剂5-10份、水50-100份;
所述的SiO2、Al2O3和羟基磷灰石为改性复合纳米粒子,制备步骤如下:
(1)称取相应重量份的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石进行混合,置于反应瓶中,然后加入5-10倍于纳米粒子重量份的无水乙醇,置于超声仪上超声分散1-2h,制得A液;
(2)将十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷溶于5-10倍重量份的0.1 mol/L乙酸溶液中,置于超声仪上超声分散0.5-1h,制得B液;
(3)在搅拌的条件下将B液缓慢加入到A液中,添加完成后,将温度缓慢升至30-50℃,保持此温度继续搅拌反应2-4h;将混合液进行离心,收集下层沉淀颗粒,并将其置于烘箱中烘干,并将烘干后的沉淀颗粒进行研磨分散,即制得改性复合纳米粒子。
优选的,本发明所述的一种织物拒水功能整理剂,包括以下重量份的原料:SiO230份、Al2O3 25份、羟基磷灰石18份、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷15份、三氯甲基硅烷28份、有机硅油12份、聚乙烯醇10份、表面活性剂8份、水80份。
进一步的,所述的表面活性剂为质量比为 (2-5): (1-3): (1-2)的月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾、十二烷基硫酸钠和椰油酰单乙醇胺。
进一步的,所述的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石的粒径为50-100nm。
以上所述的织物拒水功能整理剂进行织物整理的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将织物以1:30-50的浴比浸渍到1-5wt%的NaOH水溶液中,于室温条件下静置1-2h,然后将织物取出甩干水分并晾干;
(2)将步骤(1)处理的面料置于常压密闭容器内,并调节容器内的相对湿度为30-50%,织物在容器内放置1-2天进行湿度平衡;然后将三氯甲基硅烷加入容器内并快速汽化,12-24h后取出织物;
(3)将改性复合纳米粒子加入水中于室温下搅拌混合1-2h,再超声处理0.5-1h,得到纳米粒子溶胶;将步骤(2)处理的织物以1:30-50的浴比浸渍到水中,在搅拌的条件下加入纳米粒子溶胶,搅拌1-2h后,再依次加入有机硅油、聚乙烯醇和表面活性剂,继续搅拌1-3h;最后将织物取出,用水溶液洗涤2-3次后将织物晒干。
有益效果:本发明提供了一种织物拒水功能整理剂及其整理方法,首先选择SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石作为功能性纳米粒子,使用十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯进行改性处理,十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷和叔碳酸缩水甘油酯在酸性条件下发生水解,在水解条件下两种原料都产生羟基,然后再与纳米粒子表面的羟基基团发生脱水缩合反应,从而使得十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯修饰在纳米粒子的表面形成拒水纳米粒子;在进行织物整理的过程中,首先使用三氯甲基硅烷对前处理后的面料进行处理,三氯甲基硅烷的氯原子与空气中水分子发生水解反应生成甲基硅醇,硅醇上的羟基基团之间或者与纳米粒子上的羟基、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷和叔碳酸缩水甘油酯水解后的羟基之间发生缩聚反应,从而在织物表面生成低表面能的缩聚物,提高织物的拒水性能。
从测试结果得出,经本发明整理剂处理的面料的表面与水接触角高达256.4°,因此经该整理剂整理的面料具有良好的拒水性能。同时,经整理的面料的各项力学性能保持良好,其断裂强力有所升高,弯曲长度变化较小,从而说明拒水整理对织物的柔软性影响不大。因此,本发明所述的拒水整理剂在织物拒水整理方面具有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,但实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
一种织物拒水功能整理剂,包括以下重量份的原料:SiO2 30份、Al2O3 25份、羟基磷灰石18份、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷15份、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯12份、三氯甲基硅烷28份、有机硅油12份、聚乙烯醇10份、表面活性剂8份、水80份;
所述的SiO2、Al2O3和羟基磷灰石为改性复合纳米粒子,制备步骤如下:
(1)称取相应重量份的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石进行混合,置于反应瓶中,然后加入8倍于纳米粒子重量份的无水乙醇,置于超声仪上超声分散1.5h,制得A液;
(2)将十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷溶于8倍重量份的0.1 mol/L乙酸溶液中,置于超声仪上超声分散0.7h,制得B液;
(3)在搅拌的条件下将B液缓慢加入到A液中,添加完成后,将温度缓慢升至40℃,保持此温度继续搅拌反应3h;将混合液进行离心,收集下层沉淀颗粒,并将其置于烘箱中烘干,并将烘干后的沉淀颗粒进行研磨分散,即制得改性复合纳米粒子。
所述的表面活性剂为质量比为3.5: 2:1.5的月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾、十二烷基硫酸钠和椰油酰单乙醇胺。
所述的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石的粒径为50-100nm。
以上所述的织物拒水功能整理剂进行织物整理的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将织物以1:40的浴比浸渍到3wt%的NaOH水溶液中,于室温条件下静置1.5h,然后将织物取出甩干水分并晾干;
(2)将步骤(1)处理的面料置于常压密闭容器内,并调节容器内的相对湿度为40%,织物在容器内放置1-2天进行湿度平衡;然后将三氯甲基硅烷加入容器内并快速汽化,18h后取出织物;
(3)将改性复合纳米粒子加入水中于室温下搅拌混合1.5h,再超声处理0.8h,得到纳米粒子溶胶;将步骤(2)处理的织物以1:40的浴比浸渍到水中,在搅拌的条件下加入纳米粒子溶胶,搅拌1.5h后,再依次加入有机硅油、聚乙烯醇和表面活性剂,继续搅拌2h;最后将织物取出,用水溶液洗涤2-3次后将织物晒干。
实施例2
一种织物拒水功能整理剂,包括以下重量份的原料:SiO2 20份、Al2O3 20份、羟基磷灰石10份、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷10份、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯9份、三氯甲基硅烷15份、有机硅油8份、聚乙烯醇5份、表面活性剂5份、水50份;
所述的SiO2、Al2O3和羟基磷灰石为改性复合纳米粒子,制备步骤如下:
(1)称取相应重量份的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石进行混合,置于反应瓶中,然后加入5倍于纳米粒子重量份的无水乙醇,置于超声仪上超声分散1h,制得A液;
(2)将十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷溶于5倍重量份的0.1 mol/L乙酸溶液中,置于超声仪上超声分散0.5h,制得B液;
(3)在搅拌的条件下将B液缓慢加入到A液中,添加完成后,将温度缓慢升至30℃,保持此温度继续搅拌反应2h;将混合液进行离心,收集下层沉淀颗粒,并将其置于烘箱中烘干,并将烘干后的沉淀颗粒进行研磨分散,即制得改性复合纳米粒子。
所述的表面活性剂为质量比为2:1:1的月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾、十二烷基硫酸钠和椰油酰单乙醇胺。
所述的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石的粒径为50-100nm。
以上所述的织物拒水功能整理剂进行织物整理的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将织物以1:30的浴比浸渍到1wt%的NaOH水溶液中,于室温条件下静置1h,然后将织物取出甩干水分并晾干;
(2)将步骤(1)处理的面料置于常压密闭容器内,并调节容器内的相对湿度为30%,织物在容器内放置1-2天进行湿度平衡;然后将三氯甲基硅烷加入容器内并快速汽化,12h后取出织物;
(3)将改性复合纳米粒子加入水中于室温下搅拌混合1h,再超声处理0.5h,得到纳米粒子溶胶;将步骤(2)处理的织物以1:30的浴比浸渍到水中,在搅拌的条件下加入纳米粒子溶胶,搅拌1h后,再依次加入有机硅油、聚乙烯醇和表面活性剂,继续搅拌1h;最后将织物取出,用水溶液洗涤2-3次后将织物晒干。
实施例3
一种织物拒水功能整理剂,包括以下重量份的原料:SiO2 25份、Al2O3 22份、羟基磷灰石15份、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷12份、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯10份、三氯甲基硅烷20份、有机硅油10份、聚乙烯醇8份、表面活性剂6份、水60份;
所述的SiO2、Al2O3和羟基磷灰石为改性复合纳米粒子,制备步骤如下:
(1)称取相应重量份的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石进行混合,置于反应瓶中,然后加入6倍于纳米粒子重量份的无水乙醇,置于超声仪上超声分散1.2h,制得A液;
(2)将十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷溶于6倍重量份的0.1 mol/L乙酸溶液中,置于超声仪上超声分散0.6h,制得B液;
(3)在搅拌的条件下将B液缓慢加入到A液中,添加完成后,将温度缓慢升至35℃,保持此温度继续搅拌反应2.5h;将混合液进行离心,收集下层沉淀颗粒,并将其置于烘箱中烘干,并将烘干后的沉淀颗粒进行研磨分散,即制得改性复合纳米粒子。
所述的表面活性剂为质量比为3:2:1的月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾、十二烷基硫酸钠和椰油酰单乙醇胺。
所述的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石的粒径为50-100nm。
以上所述的织物拒水功能整理剂进行织物整理的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将织物以1:35的浴比浸渍到2wt%的NaOH水溶液中,于室温条件下静置1.2h,然后将织物取出甩干水分并晾干;
(2)将步骤(1)处理的面料置于常压密闭容器内,并调节容器内的相对湿度为35%,织物在容器内放置1-2天进行湿度平衡;然后将三氯甲基硅烷加入容器内并快速汽化,15h后取出织物;
(3)将改性复合纳米粒子加入水中于室温下搅拌混合1.3h,再超声处理0.6h,得到纳米粒子溶胶;将步骤(2)处理的织物以1:35的浴比浸渍到水中,在搅拌的条件下加入纳米粒子溶胶,搅拌1.2h后,再依次加入有机硅油、聚乙烯醇和表面活性剂,继续搅拌1.5h;最后将织物取出,用水溶液洗涤2-3次后将织物晒干。
实施例4
一种织物拒水功能整理剂,包括以下重量份的原料:SiO2 40份、Al2O3 30份、羟基磷灰石25份、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷20份、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯15份、三氯甲基硅烷40份、有机硅油16份、聚乙烯醇15份、表面活性剂10份、水100份;
所述的SiO2、Al2O3和羟基磷灰石为改性复合纳米粒子,制备步骤如下:
(1)称取相应重量份的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石进行混合,置于反应瓶中,然后加入10倍于纳米粒子重量份的无水乙醇,置于超声仪上超声分散2h,制得A液;
(2)将十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷溶于10倍重量份的0.1 mol/L乙酸溶液中,置于超声仪上超声分散1h,制得B液;
(3)在搅拌的条件下将B液缓慢加入到A液中,添加完成后,将温度缓慢升至50℃,保持此温度继续搅拌反应4h;将混合液进行离心,收集下层沉淀颗粒,并将其置于烘箱中烘干,并将烘干后的沉淀颗粒进行研磨分散,即制得改性复合纳米粒子。
所述的表面活性剂为质量比为5:3:2的月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾、十二烷基硫酸钠和椰油酰单乙醇胺。
所述的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石的粒径为50-100nm。
以上所述的织物拒水功能整理剂进行织物整理的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将织物以1:50的浴比浸渍到1-5wt%的NaOH水溶液中,于室温条件下静置2h,然后将织物取出甩干水分并晾干;
(2)将步骤(1)处理的面料置于常压密闭容器内,并调节容器内的相对湿度为50%,织物在容器内放置1-2天进行湿度平衡;然后将三氯甲基硅烷加入容器内并快速汽化,24h后取出织物;
(3)将改性复合纳米粒子加入水中于室温下搅拌混合2h,再超声处理1h,得到纳米粒子溶胶;将步骤(2)处理的织物以1:50的浴比浸渍到水中,在搅拌的条件下加入纳米粒子溶胶,搅拌2h后,再依次加入有机硅油、聚乙烯醇和表面活性剂,继续搅拌3h;最后将织物取出,用水溶液洗涤2-3次后将织物晒干。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于,对比例1中不含有羟基磷灰石。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于,对比例2在对面料进行整理的过程中,只经过步骤(1)的处理步骤,未经过步骤(2)的处理。
将实施例1-4、对比例1-2整理后的面料以及未经过整理的面料(对照组)进行以下性能测试:
(1)拒水性能测试:使用OCA40型视频接触角测量仪进行接触角测定,同一样品在不同位置测量5次,取其平均值。
(2)拉伸断裂强力测试:按照GB/T 3923.1-1997进行测试。
(3)弯曲性能测试:按照GB/T 18318.1-2009进行测试。
从表1中得出,经本发明整理剂处理的面料的表面与水接触角高达256.4°,因此经该整理剂整理的面料具有良好的拒水性能。同时,经整理的面料的各项力学性能保持良好,其断裂强力有所升高,弯曲长度变化较小,从而说明拒水整理对织物的柔软性影响不大,因此,本发明所述的拒水整理剂在织物拒水整理方面具有良好的应用前景。然而,从对比例得出,本发明所述的整理剂中羟基磷灰石的添加以及三氯甲基硅烷对面料的前处理对面料的拒水性能具有重要的影响,尤其是羟基磷灰石的添加,对面料的拒水性能影响很大,其主要是由于羟基磷灰石具有更高的表面粗糙度,从而进一步增加改性剂在羟基磷灰石表面的结合量,同时羟基磷灰石对面料力学强度的提高也具有一定的作用。
表1
。
Claims (5)
1. 一种织物拒水功能整理剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:SiO2 20-40份、Al2O3 20-30份、羟基磷灰石10-25份、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷10-20份、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯9-15份、三氯甲基硅烷15-40份、有机硅油8-16份、聚乙烯醇5-15份、表面活性剂5-10份、水50-100份;
所述的SiO2、Al2O3和羟基磷灰石为改性复合纳米粒子,制备步骤如下:
(1)称取相应重量份的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石进行混合,置于反应瓶中,然后加入5-10倍于纳米粒子重量份的无水乙醇,置于超声仪上超声分散1-2h,制得A液;
(2)将十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯溶于5-10倍重量份的0.1 mol/L乙酸溶液中,置于超声仪上超声分散0.5-1h,制得B液;
(3)在搅拌的条件下将B液缓慢加入到A液中,添加完成后,将温度缓慢升至30-50℃,保持此温度继续搅拌反应2-4h;将混合液进行离心,收集下层沉淀颗粒,并将其置于烘箱中烘干,将烘干后的沉淀颗粒进行研磨分散,即制得改性复合纳米粒子。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种织物拒水功能整理剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:SiO2 30份、Al2O3 25份、羟基磷灰石18份、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷15份、三氯甲基硅烷28份、有机硅油12份、聚乙烯醇10份、表面活性剂8份、水80份。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种织物拒水功能整理剂,其特征在于,所述的表面活性剂为质量比为 (2-5): (1-3): (1-2)的月桂醇醚磷酸酯钾、十二烷基硫酸钠和椰油酰单乙醇胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种织物拒水功能整理剂,其特征在于,所述的SiO2、Al2O3、羟基磷灰石的粒径为50-100nm。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的织物拒水功能整理剂进行织物整理的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将织物以1:30-50的浴比浸渍到1-5wt%的NaOH水溶液中,于室温条件下静置1-2h,然后将织物取出甩干水分并晾干;
(2)将步骤(1)处理的面料置于常压密闭容器内,并调节容器内的相对湿度为30-50%,织物在容器内放置1-2天进行湿度平衡;然后将三氯甲基硅烷加入容器内并快速汽化,12-24h后取出织物;
(3)将改性复合纳米粒子加入水中于室温下搅拌混合1-2h,再超声处理0.5-1h,得到纳米粒子溶胶;将步骤(2)处理的织物以1:30-50的浴比浸渍到水中,在搅拌的条件下加入纳米粒子溶胶,搅拌1-2h后,再依次加入有机硅油、聚乙烯醇和表面活性剂,继续搅拌1-3h;最后将织物取出,用水溶液洗涤2-3次后将织物晒干。
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