CN111073510B - 一种疏水疏油自清洁材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种疏水疏油自清洁材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种疏水疏油自清洁材料,按原料总质量100份计,原料组成包括:有机硅改性树脂25~45份;纤维素气凝胶微球粉15~25份;疏水剂1‑4份;超疏油剂0.5‑3份;成膜助剂1~1.5份;填料10~23份;增韧剂5~15份;余量为去离子水。本发明还提供了所述的疏水疏油自清洁材料的制备方法,通过添加荷叶疏水剂、含氟聚氨酯的超疏油剂以及纤维素气凝胶微球粉,在不影响材料本身透气性的基础上,形成了机械强度高、超疏水、超疏油、抑菌效果好的自清洁材料;该自清洁材料可应用于食品加工设备、食品包装及食品运输器具中,提高设备、器具等的自清洁能力,减少食品残渣、油污等的粘附,提高食品加工厂、贮藏室的卫生条件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料技术领域,具体涉及一种疏水疏油自清洁材料及其制备方法和在食品加工设备、食品包装及食品运输器具中的应用。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的日益提升,人们对于食品健康、安全的要求迅速提高,在食品加工、贮藏过程中,食品加工设备、器具容易导致灰尘、油污与食品残渣粘附,不易清洗,长期使用具有食品安全隐患。
近年来,超疏水层材料以其优越的性能,受到广泛关注,表面微米纳米级别的结构结合表面疏水的蜡质一起使得表面具有超疏水效果,如自然界中的荷叶,能使水滴快速形成球状并滚落,又称“荷叶效应”。目前,人工超疏水材料一般通过模板法、相分离、电化学沉积、晶体生长控制等方法制备而成,具有良好的阻水性和较强的抗污能力,即表面污染物如灰尘等能被滚落的水珠带离而不留痕迹,在食品领域具有巨大的潜在利用价值,但在食品生产过程中,还有很多污染物为有机物,如植物油等,因此除了疏水性,材料还需要具备疏油性;疏油表面能够有效阻止或减少有机物的附着,从而真正达到食品加工、贮藏中的自清洁效果。
公开号为CN109971341A公开了一种安全、环保、疏油疏水的水性涂料,包括,按质量份计,纳米二氧化硅5-20份;改性有机硅树脂5-10份;改性有机聚硅氮烷5-20份;聚硅氧烷5-10份;钛酸酯偶联剂1-5份;纳米氧化铝5-20份;纳米氧化锆5-20份;硅氧烷偶联剂1-10份;流平剂0.1-1份;润湿剂0.1-1份;成膜助剂0.5-5份;不粘助剂0.1-3份;分散剂0.5-5份;消泡剂0.1-2份;固化剂1-10份;稀释剂10-30份。
公开号为CN105925023B公开了一种疏水疏油型吸波材料,包括以下组分:具有疏水疏油性能的吸波材料粘结剂、吸波材料和助剂;按质量百分比计,具有疏水疏油性能的吸波材料粘结剂87%~93%、吸波材料6%~12%和助剂0.5%~1%。
但是,现有的食品疏水疏油材料表面微结构的机械强度相对较低,容易收到外力的破坏而失去原有的疏水疏油特性,应用范围受限;而且食品疏水疏油材料的疏水疏油特性持续时间短,容易被油性物质污染或者表面沾附灰尘而失去效用,因此,开发具有节水、节能、环保,同时具有优异的自清洁能力的食品疏水疏油材料具有广泛的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种疏水疏油自清洁材料,所述的疏水疏油自清洁材料具有防水、去油、绝热、防霉的优点。
一种疏水疏油自清洁材料,按原料总重量100份计,原料组成包括:
所述的有机硅改性树脂不仅具有环氧树脂良好的柔韧性、热稳定性、耐候性、疏水性和疏油性,而且具有优良力学性能和较好热稳定性,所述的聚硅氧烷的聚合度为1-50;所述的环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂。
所述的有机硅改性树脂的制备方法,包括:
(1-1)将聚硅氧烷单体在酸的作用下,调节反应的pH值,加热回流,蒸馏除去反应生成的乙醇,过滤,得到有机硅低聚物;
(1-2)将有机硅低聚物、环氧树脂溶于有机溶剂中,在催化剂的作用下加热回流,除去反应生成的乙醇,制得有机硅改性树脂。
步骤(1-1)中,所述的酸为盐酸与水的混合溶液;所述的调节反应的pH值为3-5。
步骤(1-2)中,所述的有机硅低聚物与环氧树脂的质量比为1:3-5。
所述的催化剂为三苯基磷/钛酸丁酯复合催化剂;所述的复合催化剂中三苯基磷与钛酸丁酯的质量比为1:1-3;所述催化剂的添加量为有机硅低聚物与环氧树脂总质量的0.1%-0.5%。
所述的纤维素气凝胶微球粉,按原料质量份数组成比计,原料组分包括:
所述的纤维素气凝胶微球粉的粒径为5-15nm。
所述的分散剂为季戊四醇硬脂酸酯,具有较好的分散性,将各个原料组分均匀分散在气凝胶中。
为了降低溶液的表面张力,防止气泡的形成,所述的消泡剂为聚氧丙烯甘油、聚氧乙烯丙烯甘油、十八醇或聚乙二醇。
所述的防腐剂为山梨酸钾,乳酸链球菌素,纳他霉素和脱氢乙酸钠中的一种或几种。
所述的纤维素气凝胶微球粉的制备方法,包括:
(2-1)将纤维素气凝胶微球粉的原料混合,超声,得到气凝胶粒子分散液;
(2-2)将气凝胶粒子分散液雾化成气凝胶粒子微球,真空冷冻干燥,得到纤维素气凝胶微球粉。
为了提高疏水疏油自清洁材料的疏水性能、抗污性能和爽滑度,所述的疏水剂为荷叶疏水剂。
所述的超疏油剂为含氟聚氨酯或含氟硅氧烷,进一步降低了疏水疏油材料的表面能,提高了材料的防油能力。
所述的成膜助剂为丙二醇丁醚、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯和十二碳醇酯中的一种或几种混合。
所述的填料为钛白粉、氧化钙、膨润土和滑石粉中的一种或几种混合,具有漂白、抗结、防止粘连的作用,改善疏水疏油自清洁材料的外观,提高消费者接受程度。
所述的增韧剂为聚酰胺热塑性弹性体,使得疏水疏油材料具有优异的韧性、耐化学性、耐磨性及消音性。
本发明还提供了一种疏水疏油自清洁材料的制备方法,包括:
步骤1,将有机硅改性树脂置于蒸馏水中,调节pH值,加入纤维素气凝胶微球粉、填料,搅拌,制得预混物S1;
步骤2,将预混物S1、双组分疏水剂、超疏油剂、成膜助剂与纤维素气凝胶微球粉混合,搅拌,制得预混物S2;
步骤3,将预混物S2、纤维素气凝胶微球粉和增韧剂,搅拌,得到疏水疏油自清洁材料。
所述的步骤1、2、3中纤维素气凝胶微球粉的质量比为1:1~2:1~2。
步骤1中所述的调节反应pH值为7-9;
所述的搅拌速度为300-800rpm低速搅拌,使物料充分混匀。
所述的搅拌时间为5-10min。
本发明还提供了一种疏水疏油自清洁材料的应用,所述的疏水疏油自清洁材可作为疏水疏油涂料应用于食品加工设备、食品包装及食品运输器具中。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明所提供的疏水疏油自清洁材料的制备中,使用低分子量聚硅氧烷为原料,在不使用溶剂二甲苯介质下直接进行水解缩合,制得具有良好混溶性的反应性有机硅低聚物,将其与双酚A型环氧树脂缩聚制备的有机硅改性树脂具有良好耐水耐油耐热性。
(2)本发明所提供的疏水疏油自清洁材料的制备中,所述的纤维素气凝胶微球粉为多孔网络结构,质量轻、密度小、比面积高、绝热性强、热稳定好,具有极强的保温隔热性能,常温下导热系数小于0.02W/m K,具有荷叶般的高度疏水性,孔隙率高达90%以上,吸附性能优异,独有的纳米三维网络结构提供优良的热稳定性,避免长期使用后保温隔热性能下降。
(3)本发明所提供的疏水疏油自清洁材料的制备中,通过添加荷叶疏水剂,含氟聚氨酯的超疏油剂,以及纤维素气凝胶微球粉,能在不影响材料本身透气性的基础上,形成了机械强度高,同时具有极强的防水、疏水、防油、疏油、抑菌效果的自清洁材料。
(4)本发明提供的疏水疏油自清洁材料的制备方法,工艺简单,安全环保,能够制备出食品用优异疏水疏油效果的自清洁材料。
(5)本发明提供的疏水疏油自清洁材料可作为疏水疏油涂料应用于食品加工设备、食品包装及食品运输器具中,提高设备、器具等的自清洁能力,减少食品残渣、油污等的粘附,提高食品加工厂、贮藏室的卫生条件。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中所制备的疏水疏油自清洁材料的扫描电镜(SEM)图片;其中,A图为300μm下的SEM图片;B图为1000μm下的SEM图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
实施例1
本实施例制备得到的疏水疏油自清洁材料可作为食品包装纸或包装膜内测涂料使用。
1、有机硅改性树脂的制备:
1.1、向四口烧瓶中加入聚硅氧烷单体,搅拌并升温至80℃时,滴加30%的盐酸溶液调节pH至5,回流反应6h,减压蒸馏,将反应生成的乙醇去除后,降至常温,过滤得到含乙氧基的有机硅低聚物;
1.2、按质量比为1:3的量向环己酮溶液中加入含乙氧基的有机硅低聚物和环氧树脂,完全溶解后,加入有机硅低聚物和环氧树脂总质量0.5%的质量比为1:2的三苯基磷/钛酸丁酯复合催化剂,搅拌加热至160℃,回流,反应生成的乙醇经油水分离器移出,减压蒸馏后得到有机硅改性树脂。
2、纤维素气凝胶微球粉的制备
2.1、按原料质量分数计,将2.8份纳米纤维素纤丝(NCFs),0.5份季戊四醇硬脂酸酯分散剂,0.5份十八醇,0.09份山梨酸钾防腐剂溶解于DMSO溶液中,1600W超声处理120min制备成纳米气凝胶粒子分散液;
2.2、将纳米气凝胶粒子分散液雾化成纳米气凝胶粒子微球,真空冷冻干燥,得到纤维素气凝胶微球粉。
3、疏水疏油自清洁材料的制备
按原料总重量100份计,原料组成包括:有机硅改性树脂:25份;纤维素气凝胶微球粉粒:20份;荷叶疏水剂:3份、含氟聚氨酯疏油剂:2.53份;丙二醇丁醚:0.8份;钛白粉:10分;聚酰胺热塑性弹性体5份;余量为水。
3.1将有机硅改性树脂加入去离子水中,500rpm下搅拌,加入氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为7,加入1/3的纤维素气凝胶微球粉,钛白粉后搅拌,得到S1预混物;
3.2、将S1预混物中依次投入荷叶疏水剂、含氟聚氨酯疏油剂、丙二醇丁醚、1/3量的纤维素气凝胶微球粉,500rpm搅拌10min,制得S2预混物;
3.3、向S2预混物中加入最后1/3纤维素气凝胶微球粉和聚酰胺热塑性弹性体,以500rpm搅拌10min,制得疏水疏油自清洁材料。
液体触角为液体在固体材料表面上的接触角用θ表示,是衡量液体对材料表面润湿性能的重要参数;若θ<90°,则固体表面是亲水性的,即液体较易润湿固体,其角越小;表示润湿性越好;若θ>90°,则固体表面是疏水性的,即液体不容易润湿固体,容易在表面上移动。
经测试本实施例所制备的疏水疏油自清洁材料的水接触角为162°、油接触角为158°,呈现出良好的疏水疏油性能。
实施例2
利用实施1中制备的有机硅改性树脂和纤维素气凝胶微球粉为原料,本实施例所制备的疏水疏油自清洁材料可作为食品用托盘或饭盒内涂层材料使用。
按原料总重量100份计,原料组成包括:有机硅改性树脂30份,纤维素气凝胶微球粉25份,荷叶疏水剂3份,含氟聚氨酯疏油剂3份,丙二醇丁醚0.7份,滑石粉12.0份,聚酰胺热塑性弹性体5份,余量为水。
1、将有机硅改性树脂加入去离子水中,500rpm搅拌,加入氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为7,加入1/3的纤维素气凝胶微球粉,钛白粉后搅拌,得到S1预混物;
2、将S1预混物中依次投入荷叶疏水剂、含氟聚氨酯疏油剂、丙二醇丁醚、1/3量的纤维素气凝胶微球粉,500rpm搅拌10min,制得S2预混物;
3、向S2预混物中加入最后1/3纤维素气凝胶微球粉和聚酰胺热塑性弹性体,以500rpm搅拌10min,制得疏水疏油自清洁材料。
经测试本实施例所制备的疏水疏油自清洁材料的水接触角为167°、油接触角为154°,呈现出良好的疏水疏油性能。
Claims (8)
1.一种疏水疏油自清洁材料,其特征在于,按原料总质量100份计,原料组成包括:
有机硅改性树脂 25~45份;
纤维素气凝胶微球粉 15~25份;
疏水剂 1-4份;
超疏油剂 0.5-3份;
成膜助剂 1~1.5份;
填料 10~23份;
增韧剂 5~15份;
余量为去离子水;
所述的有机硅改性树脂的制备方法,包括:
(1)将聚硅氧烷单体在酸的作用下,加热回流,除去反应生成的乙醇,过滤,得到有机硅低聚物;
(2)将有机硅低聚物、环氧树脂按质量比为1:3-5的量加入有机溶剂中,在三苯基磷/钛酸丁酯复合催化剂的作用下加热回流,除去反应生成的乙醇,得到有机硅改性树脂;
所述的纤维素气凝胶微球粉,按原料质量份数组成比计,原料组分包括:
纳米纤维素纤丝 2.5~3.5份;
分散剂 0.5~1.5份;
消泡剂 0.4~0.6份;
防腐剂 0.07~0.13份;
所述的纤维素气凝胶微球粉的粒径为5-15nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油自清洁材料,其特征在于,所述的复合催化剂中三苯基磷与钛酸丁酯的质量比为1:1-3;所述催化剂的添加量为有机硅低聚物与环氧树脂总质量的0.1%-0.5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油自清洁材料,其特征在于,所述的疏水剂为荷叶疏水剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油自清洁材料,其特征在于,所述的超疏油剂为含氟聚氨酯或含氟硅氧烷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油自清洁材料,其特征在于,所述的成膜助剂为丙二醇丁醚、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯和十二碳醇酯中的一种或几种。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油自清洁材料的制备方法,包括:
步骤1,将有机硅改性树脂置于去离子水中,调节pH值,加入纤维素气凝胶微球粉、填料,搅拌,制得预混物S1;
步骤2,将预混物S1、疏水剂、超疏油剂、成膜助剂与纤维素气凝胶微球粉混合,搅拌,制得预混物S2;
步骤3,将预混物S2、纤维素气凝胶微球粉和增韧剂,搅拌,得到疏水疏油自清洁材料;
所述的步骤1、2、3中纤维素气凝胶微球粉的质量比为1:1~2:1~2。
7.根据权利要求6所述的疏水疏油自清洁材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述的调节pH值为7~9。
8.一种根据权利要求1所述的疏水疏油自清洁材料在食品加工设备、食品包装及食品运输器具中的应用。
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