CN109503155A - 一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109503155A CN109503155A CN201811598160.5A CN201811598160A CN109503155A CN 109503155 A CN109503155 A CN 109503155A CN 201811598160 A CN201811598160 A CN 201811598160A CN 109503155 A CN109503155 A CN 109503155A
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Abstract
本发明属于陶瓷材料技术领域,具体公开了一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片及制备方法,其中所述陶瓷理发推剪刀片包括以下重量份数的组分:氧化锆85‑95份、氧化铝2‑10份、氮化硼0.1‑2份、碳化硅1‑2份、二氧化硅0.2‑2份、钛酸钡0.1‑2份,其通过球磨混合、喷雾干燥、注射成型、预烧结、热等静压处理、粗加工、抛光以及金属离子注入的操作步骤制备而成,具有优异的硬度、耐磨性、剪切效果以及低能耗的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料技术领域,更具体的说是涉及一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片及制备方法。
背景技术
电推剪是一种常见的理发、美发工具,同时,它也被用于剪羊毛以及给宠物剃毛。随着经济发展和生活水平的提高,电推剪的应用领域和市场容量也在极速扩大。
电推剪工作的核心部件是推剪刀片组,推剪刀片组由一片动刀和一片定刀组成,工作时,定刀固定不动,动刀在马达的带动下作高速来回摆动,通过剪切作用,将伸入刀口V形槽中的毛发剪断。
现有的动刀和定刀一般采用金属合金钢制作,由于金属的硬度较低,动刀在高速剪切过程中,容易钝化和磨损,进而导致该推剪刀片存在使用寿命短、剪切效果差的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片,具有良好的耐磨性和剪切效果,延长了推剪刀片的使用寿命。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,使得其制得推剪刀片具有良好的耐磨性和剪切效果。
为实现上述第一个目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片,包括以下重量份数的组分:
通过采用上述技术方案,氧化锆为基础陶瓷成分,其具有良好的硬度、韧性、高温化学稳定性、耐腐蚀等特点,由氧化锆材料制得的陶瓷理发推剪刀片具有良好的耐磨性和剪切效果,相对于金属材质的推剪刀片,还能在一定程度上减小其剪切过程中的噪音,氧化锆的导热系数较低,由此使得推剪刀片的升温减缓,减少能量的损耗;
氧化铝硬度大,其能够与氧化锆进行复合,形成高强度、高韧性的复合体,常温下具有优异的抗折强度和断裂韧性,由此使得制得的推剪刀片具有出色的耐磨性能;
氮化硼和氧化锆的混合体系在无添加剂的条件下较难烧结,氧化铝能够作为烧结助剂,促使氮化硼和氧化锆烧结成致密的碳化硼氧化锆复合材料,有效改善推剪刀片的硬度和耐磨性;碳化硅具有耐高温腐蚀、热稳定性好、热膨胀系数小、机械强度高等优点,其能够改善碳化硼的加入对推剪刀片的热稳定的影响,同时能够进一步改善推剪刀片的硬度;
二氧化硅能够对氧化锆加以修饰,并与氧化铝形成二氧化硅-氧化锆-氧化铝复合物,硅原子在二氧化硅-氧化锆复合物中以Si-O-Zr键合形式存在,其中二氧化硅虽然不影响氧化锆的晶型,但能够使得氧化锆晶粒细化,从而使得推剪刀片的尺寸均匀性提高;再结合氧化铝的作用,促使推剪刀片的气孔率较小,从而使得推剪刀片具有致密的显微结构和优异的机械性能;钛酸钡是一种强介电化合物材料,具有高介电常数和低介电损耗,其能够有效将推剪刀片上的机械应力转化为电荷,减少推剪刀片的磨损,同时具有良好的增韧效果;
综上,本发明制得的陶瓷理发推剪刀片具有良好的耐磨性和剪切效果,进而延长了其使用寿命,其在使用过程中还具有噪音小、能耗低的特点。
进一步地,所述氧化锆为3Y钇稳定纳米二氧化锆。
通过采用上述技术方案,3Y钇稳定纳米二氧化锆是由于马氏体相变的增强增韧效应成为具有最高室温强度和断裂韧性的一类陶瓷材料,不仅表面光洁性好,而且其制得的陶瓷致密,具有良好的耐摔打性。
为实现上述第二个目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①、将氧化锆粉、氧化铝粉、氮化硼粉、碳化硅粉、二氧化硅粉和钛酸钡粉投入高速球磨机中进行球磨混合,得到球磨混合物;
②、将步骤①得到的球磨混合物进行喷雾干燥,得到复合陶瓷粉体;
③、将步骤②得到的复合陶瓷粉体投入混炼机中,随后加入树脂、有机润滑剂和增塑剂加热搅拌混合,制成注射成型喂料;
④、将步骤③得到的注射成型喂料破碎成小块后加入注射机中,利用推剪刀片的模具成型所需的刀片生坯;
⑤、将步骤④得到的刀片生坯放入真空脱脂炉中,进行预烧结,得到预制体;
⑥、将步骤⑤得到的预制体放入石墨匣钵中,填充石墨粉,进行热等静压处理,得到毛坯;
⑦、将步骤⑥得到的毛坯按推剪刀片的尺寸进行粗加工;
⑧、将步骤⑦中经过粗加工处理的毛坯进行抛光;
⑨、使用金属离子注入机,在步骤⑧中经过抛光处理的毛坯的刀刃位置注入金属离子,得到最终的推剪刀片。
通过采用上述技术方案,在制备步骤中,本发明先将氧化锆等成型推剪刀片的基材加以初步混合,使得各组分之间充分混匀;
随后再通过加入树脂、有机润滑和增塑剂,使得氧化锆等基材分子之间能够较好的进行粘接,从而有效改善基材的加工成型性,降低其制得的推剪刀片发生碎裂的可能性;
注射成型喂料制成刀片生坯后,将其进行烧结,以此将刀片生坯中的树脂、有机润滑剂以及增塑剂去除,减少其对推剪刀片的性能的影响;
石墨匣钵中的石墨一方面能够完成预制体的致密化,另一方面该石墨能够渗透进入预制体中,作为固体润滑剂,降低预制体的摩擦系数,使得制得的推剪刀片在工作时噪音减小,同时减少因摩擦导致的发热量,从而能够在一定程度上降低能耗;
粗加工能够使得制得的推剪刀片符合尺寸要求,抛光则能使刀刃到达最为锋利的状态,以此保证推剪刀片良好的剪切效果,最后在刀刃处注入金属离子,以此能够消除推剪刀片在刀刃处的残余应力,有效提高刀刃的硬度和耐磨性,增加推剪刀片的强度。
进一步地,步骤①中,所述二氧化硅为硅溶胶中的纳米二氧化硅。
通过采用上述技术方案,硅溶胶为纳米级的二氧化硅颗粒在水中中的分散液,其胶体粒子极细(10-20nm),有相当大的比表面积,其与其他物质混合时分散性和渗透性都十分优异;当硅溶胶中的水份蒸发时,胶体粒子牢固的附着在氧化锆等粒子的表面,粒子间形成硅氧结合,可以作为一种优异的粘合剂,增加各组分之间的结构稳定性,同时有助于有效改善陶瓷的致密性。
进一步地,步骤③中,所述树脂为PMMA树脂和ABS树脂的混合物,且PMMA树脂的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的8%-10%,ABS树脂的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的2%-5%。
通过采用上述技术方案,PMMA为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,是一种无毒环保、化学性能稳定和耐候性能优异的材料;ABS树脂为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,其能与PMMA共混,具有良好的韧性和硬度,两种树脂按上述重量添加量加入于氧化锆等基材中,能够在有效增加陶瓷的可塑性。
进一步地,步骤③中,所述有机润滑剂为石蜡、微晶蜡和硬脂酸的混合物,且石蜡的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的4%-10%,微晶蜡的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的1%-3%,硬脂酸的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的0.5%-2%。
通过采用上述技术方案,石蜡、微晶蜡和硬脂酸均为固态,其能够先与氧化锆等基材得到良好的初步混合,随后在注射过程中吸收热量而进行熔化,有效改善复合陶瓷粉体在注射机中的流动性,提高刀片生坯的产品质量。
进一步地,步骤③中,所述增塑剂为增塑剂DOP,且增塑剂DOP的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的0.2%-0.6%。
通过采用上述技术方案,增塑剂DOP即为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,是一种有机酯类化合物,其能够较好的分散于PMMA树脂和ABS树脂中,增加树脂的加工性能,促使PMMA树脂和ABS树脂更好的改善复合陶瓷粉体的加工成型性能,增加推剪刀片的韧性和耐磨性。
进一步地,步骤④中,所述注射成型喂料的成型温度为165-185℃,注射压力为50-100MPa。
进一步地,步骤⑤中,所述刀片生坯的烧结条件为:以0.2-0.5℃/min的升温速度升温至600℃,保温2-5h,以1-5℃/min的升温速度升温至1350℃,保温1-3h。
进一步地,步骤⑥中,所述热等静压处理为在1340-1380℃、150-200MPa的条件下保温0.5-2h。
通过采用上述技术方案,在上述注射条件下,注射成型喂料中的PMMA树脂、ABS树脂、石蜡、微晶蜡和硬脂酸能够完全熔融,以此对氧化锆等基材较好的进行改性;随后按上述烧结条件进行烧结,使得刀片生坯的致密化为一缓慢进行的过程,便于对刀片生坯中的PMMA树脂、ABS树脂、石蜡、微晶蜡、硬脂酸以及增塑剂DOP能够缓慢的被有效去除;随后按上述热等静压条件对预制体加以处理,更好的促使预制体致密化,其制得的推剪刀片具有更为优异的韧性和耐磨性。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明通过氧化锆、氧化铝、氮化硼、碳化硅、二氧化硅、和钛酸钡,使得制得的推剪刀片具有良好的耐磨性和剪切效果,进而延长了其使用寿命,其在使用过程中还具有噪音小、能耗低的特点;
2、本发明的推剪刀片在制备过程中添加树脂、有机润滑剂和增塑剂,随后通过高温烧结将其去除,再用石墨加以热等静压处理,使得制得的推剪刀片致密化效果优良,具有优异的韧性和耐磨性。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备陶瓷理发推剪刀片的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
1、原料氧化锆:本发明中的氧化锆优选为3Y钇稳定纳米二氧化锆粉,购自杭州万景新材料有限公司,型号为Vk-R200K,平均粒径为50-80nm;除此之外还可以为其他氧化锆,本发明中具体以购自河南吉鑫化工产品有限公司的工业级氧化锆为例;
氧化铝:本发明中的氧化铝优选为纳米氧化铝粉,购自合肥中航纳米技术发展有限公司,粒径为20nm;除此之外还可以为其他粒径的氧化铝;
氮化硼:本发明中的氮化硼优选为立方氮化硼粉,购自清河县岳腾焊接材料有限公司,粒径为1μm;除此之外还可以为其他晶型和粒径的氮化硼;
二氧化硅:本发明中的二氧化硅优选为为硅溶胶中的纳米二氧化硅,该硅溶胶购自泰安市嘉叶生物科技有限公司,其中二氧化硅的粒径为2.3nm,重量含量为30%;除此之外还可以为其他粒径的二氧化硅,本发明中以购自广州宸奕贸易有限公司的气相二氧化硅H18为例。
2、实施例
2.1、实施例1
一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,参见图1,包括以下步骤:
①、将95kg的3Y钇稳定纳米二氧化锆粉、3kg的纳米氧化铝粉、0.1kg的立方氮化硼粉、1kg的碳化硅粉、含有0.2kg纳米二氧化硅的硅溶胶和0.7kg的钛酸钡粉投入高速球磨机中进行球磨混合,球磨转速为300r/min,得到球磨混合物;
②、将步骤①得到的球磨混合物滤出,使用蠕动泵将球磨混合物送入喷雾干燥塔中进行喷雾干燥,干燥温度为180℃,雾化器转速为20Hz,得到复合陶瓷粉体;
③、将步骤②得到的复合陶瓷粉体投入混炼机中,随后加入8kg的PMMA树脂、2kg的ABS树脂、10kg的石蜡、3kg的微晶蜡、2kg的硬脂酸和0.5kg的增塑剂DOP加热搅拌混合,混合温度为170℃,制成注射成型喂料;
④、将步骤③得到的注射成型喂料破碎成小块后加入注射机中,利用推剪刀片的模具成型所需的刀片生坯,其成型温度为165℃,成型压力为50MPa;
⑤、将步骤④得到的刀片生坯放入真空脱脂炉中,以0.2℃/min的升温速度升温至600℃,保温2h,以1℃/min的升温速度升温至1350℃,保温1h,完成预烧结,得到预制体;
⑥、将步骤⑤得到的预制体放入石墨匣钵中,填充石墨粉,在1340℃的温度、200MPa的压力条件下保温2h,以此进行热等静压处理,得到毛坯;
⑦、将步骤⑥得到的毛坯使用金刚石磨盘进行粗加工,使得推剪刀片的尺寸符合要求;
⑧、使用单面研磨机和规格为W0.5的金刚石研磨液对步骤⑦中经过粗加工处理的毛坯进行抛光,使刀刃达到锋利的状态;
⑨、使用金属离子注入机,在步骤⑧中经过抛光处理的毛坯的刀刃位置注入铬离子,注入的铬离子在毛坯中的深度为300nm,注入剂量为1*1017ions/cm2,得到最终的推剪刀片。
2.2、实施例2-实施例5
实施例2-实施例5均在实施例1的方法基础上,对推剪刀片的组分及其重量,制备过程中添加树脂、有机润滑剂和增塑剂等加工助剂及其重量,制备过程中的工艺参数等做出调整;其具体调整情况如下表一所示。
表一实施例1-实施例5中推剪刀片的组分及其重量、加工助剂及其重量、制备工艺参数的情况表,重量单位为kg。
3、对比例
3.1、对比例1
本对比例购自金鼎美容美发器材源头厂家出售的陶瓷理发刀片,其型号为JD-8218。
3.2、对比例2
本对比例中的陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①、将95kg的3Y钇稳定纳米二氧化锆粉、3kg的纳米氧化铝粉、0.1kg的立方氮化硼粉、1kg的碳化硅粉、含有0.2kg纳米二氧化硅的硅溶胶和0.7kg的钛酸钡粉投入高速球磨机中进行球磨混合,球磨转速为300r/min,得到球磨混合物;
②、将步骤①得到的球磨混合物滤出,使用蠕动泵将球磨混合物送入喷雾干燥塔中进行喷雾干燥,干燥温度为180℃,雾化器转速为20Hz,得到复合陶瓷粉体;
③、将步骤②得到的复合陶瓷粉体投入混炼机中,随后加入8kg的PMMA树脂、2kg的ABS树脂、10kg的石蜡、3kg的微晶蜡、2kg的硬脂酸和0.5kg的增塑剂DOP加热搅拌混合,混合温度为170℃,制成注射成型喂料;
④、将步骤③得到的注射成型喂料破碎成小块后加入注射机中,利用推剪刀片的模具成型所需的刀片生坯,其成型温度为165℃,成型压力为50MPa;
⑤、将步骤④得到的刀片生坯放入真空脱脂炉中,以0.3℃/min的升温速度升温至600℃,保温2h,以2℃/min的升温速度升温至1480℃,保温3h,完成预烧结,得到预制体;
⑥、将步骤⑤得到的预制体使用金刚石磨盘进行粗加工,使得推剪刀片的尺寸符合要求;
⑦、使用单面研磨机和规格为W0.5的金刚石研磨液对步骤⑦中经过粗加工处理的毛坯进行抛光,使刀刃达到锋利的状态,得到最终的推剪刀片。
4、性能测定
将上述实施例1-实施例5制得的推剪刀片进行以下性能检测,检测结构如下表二。
4.1、硬度测试:采用维氏显微硬度计;
4.2、噪声测试:用分贝仪距离电推剪2cm距离进行测试;
4.3、温升测试:使用电推剪连续运行10分钟,测试推剪刀片的温度变化;
4.4、锋利度测试:使用同一电推剪,推地毯上的绒毛,测试一次能推进且不卡毛的最大距离;
4.5、耐磨性测试:按照GB/T 18301的检测标准测定,试样为100mm×100mm,测定其磨损量=(试验前试样重量-试样后试样重量)/试样的体积密度。
表二实施例1-实施例5以及对比例的检测结果
参见表二,将实施例1至实施例5的检测结果分别与对比例1的检测结果进行比较,可以得到,本发明制得的推剪刀片比目前市面出售的陶瓷刀片,具有更高的硬度,且使用本发明的推剪刀片所产生的噪音较小,温度升高更为缓慢,电池使用时间更长,低能耗,锋利度高,同时磨损量较小,由此本发明制得的推剪刀片具有优良的硬度、耐磨性、剪切效果以及低能耗的效果。
将实施例1的检测结果分别与实施例4和实施例5的检测结果进行比较,可以得到,使用3Y钇稳定纳米二氧化锆和硅溶胶制得的推剪刀片明显由于使用工业级氧化锆和气象二氧化硅H18,因此制备推剪刀片时,氧化锆优选使用3Y钇稳定纳米二氧化锆,二氧化硅优选使用硅溶胶。
将实施例1的检测结果与对比例2的检测结果进行比较,可以得到,使用本发明中采用热等静压处理以及金属离子注入的方式,能够有效提高推剪刀片的硬度、耐磨性、剪切效果以及低能耗的效果。
综上,本发明制得的推剪刀片具有优良的硬度、耐磨性和剪切效果,进而延长了其使用寿命,另外其在使用过程中还具有噪音小、能耗低的特点。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (10)
1.一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片,其特征在于,包括以下重量份数的组分:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片,其特征在于,所述氧化锆为3Y钇稳定纳米二氧化锆。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
①、将氧化锆粉、氧化铝粉、氮化硼粉、碳化硅粉、二氧化硅粉和钛酸钡粉投入高速球磨机中进行球磨混合,得到球磨混合物;
②、将步骤①得到的球磨混合物进行喷雾干燥,得到复合陶瓷粉体;
③、将步骤②得到的复合陶瓷粉体投入混炼机中,随后加入树脂、有机润滑剂和增塑剂加热搅拌混合,制成注射成型喂料;
④、将步骤③得到的注射成型喂料破碎成小块后加入注射机中,利用推剪刀片的模具成型所需的刀片生坯;
⑤、将步骤④得到的刀片生坯放入真空脱脂炉中,进行预烧结,得到预制体;
⑥、将步骤⑤得到的预制体放入石墨匣钵中,填充石墨粉,进行热等静压处理,得到毛坯;
⑦、将步骤⑥得到的毛坯按推剪刀片的尺寸进行粗加工;
⑧、将步骤⑦中经过粗加工处理的毛坯进行抛光;
⑨、使用金属离子注入机,在步骤⑧中经过抛光处理的毛坯的刀刃位置注入金属离子,得到最终的推剪刀片。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤①中,所述二氧化硅为硅溶胶中的纳米二氧化硅。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤③中,所述树脂为PMMA树脂和ABS树脂的混合物,且PMMA树脂的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的8%-10%,ABS树脂的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的2%-5%。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:步骤③中,所述有机润滑剂为石蜡、微晶蜡和硬脂酸的混合物,且石蜡的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的4%-10%,微晶蜡的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的1%-3%,硬脂酸的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的0.5%-2%。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤③中,所述增塑剂为增塑剂DOP,且增塑剂DOP的重量添加量为复合陶瓷粉体的0.2%-0.6%。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤④中,所述注射成型喂料的成型温度为165-185℃,注射压力为50-100MPa。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤⑤中,所述刀片生坯的烧结条件为:以0.2-0.5℃/min的升温速度升温至600℃,保温2-5h,以1-5℃/min的升温速度升温至1350℃,保温1-3h。
10.根据权利要求3所述的一种陶瓷理发推剪刀片的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤⑥中,所述热等静压处理为在1340-1380℃、150-200MPa的条件下保温0.5-2h。
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