CN109480238A - 一种具有保肝护肝的食品 - Google Patents
一种具有保肝护肝的食品 Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有保肝护肝的食品,由以下重量份数的原料组成:枸杞多糖1‑5份、蒲公英多糖3‑15份和葛根超微粉5‑50份。本发明中的各原料均为国家卫生计生委公布的药食同源品种,能够有效的起到保肝护肝的效果,可以长期食用,而且在食用的同时能够给人体提供多种营养,增强人们的体质;另外,原料的选择上与中医药理论防治、预防肝病的原则相符,本发明的食品能够有效起到保肝护肝的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品及食品制备领域,尤其是一种具有保肝护肝的食品。
技术背景
肝脏是人体内以代谢功能为主的、最大的器官。它既参与营养物质的消化吸收和多种代谢产物及异物的生物转化与排泄,也参与机体的免疫调节过程。目前,国内外学者多以化学性肝损伤为模型来研究肝损伤类食品,化学性肝损伤主要分为酒精性肝损伤、药物性肝损伤和环境毒物性肝损伤,肝损伤长期存在可导致不可修复的损伤,进一步形成肝纤维化,最终发展为肝硬化乃至肝癌。肝损伤是一种慢性疾病,治疗周期长,治愈难度大,目前药物治疗存在疗效低和毒副作用大等问题,且长期服药也会容易产生耐药性。更好的解决方法是提前预防,每一天都进食一些对肝脏有益处的食物,及时解除、修复受损的肝细胞,并有利于受损肝细胞的修复。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中存在的上述不足,本发明的目的是提供一种保肝护肝的食品,旨在通过食疗达到保肝护肝的功效。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案:
一种具有保肝护肝的食品,由以下重量份数的原料组成:枸杞多糖1-5份、蒲公英多糖3-15份和葛根超微粉5-50份。
进一步的,所述枸杞多糖的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:选取优质枸杞,置于烘干托盘中,于60下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得枸杞粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后的枸杞粉末用不同浓度乙醇进行两次预处理:
第一次,95%乙醇用量为枸杞粉末质量的8-12倍,提取3次,每次2-4h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干;
第二次,用80%乙醇提取3次,用量为第一次处理后枸杞粉末质量的6-10倍,每次1-3h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,残渣即为预处理枸杞粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2中的预处理枸杞粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,水用量为步骤2中的预处理枸杞粉末质量的8-20倍,每次20-40min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.05-1.25,得浓缩液;
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥既得枸杞多糖。
进一步的,所述蒲公英多糖的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将蒲公英置于烘箱中,于60干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得蒲公英粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后的蒲公英粉末进行脱脂预处理,用95%乙醇提取3次,乙醇用量为蒲公英粉末质量的8-12倍,每次1-3h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,残渣即为脱脂蒲公英粉末。
步骤3:将步骤2的脱脂蒲公英粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,水用量为脱脂蒲公英粉末质量的10-30倍,每次10-30min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.10-1.20,得浓缩液;
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥既得蒲公英多糖。
进一步的,所述葛根超微粉的制备方法如下:
步骤1:选取优质葛根饮片,置于烘干托盘中,于80下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,用粉碎机将葛根粉碎,得葛根粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后的葛根粉末经过气流式超微粉粉碎机处理,得葛根超微粉。
本发明中各原料组成及其作用机理,如下:
枸杞多糖,枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L. 的干燥成熟果实,是国家卫生计生委公布的药食同源品种,具有补肾养肝,润肺明目的功效,枸杞多糖为枸杞子的主要活性成分之一。现代药理实验证明枸杞多糖具有显著的保肝护肝作用。科学实验研究证实枸杞多糖对肝保护作用是多靶点、多途径的综合结果,相关的主要机制有防止血清中AST、ALT、AKP的升高;通过阻止内质网的损伤,促进蛋白质合成及解毒作用,恢复肝细胞的功能,并促进肝细胞的再生;提高抗氧化能力,促进蛋白质合成,抑制炎症、脂质过氧化和细胞色素CYP2E1基因表达。
蒲公英多糖,蒲公英为菊科植物蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.、碱地蒲公英Tarxacum borealisinense Kitam.或同属数种植物的干燥全草,是国家卫生计生委公布的药食同源品种,具有清热解毒、消肿散结和利尿通淋的功效,中药化学研究发现蒲公英多糖为其主要活性成分之一,国内外学者以经典的CCl4所致肝损伤动物模型研究证实,能显著性抑制动物体内AST和ALT的升高,提高肝损伤动物体内SOD的活力,降低肝损伤动物MDA含量,增加自由基的清除,说明蒲公英多糖保肝机制是抗氧化作用、通过调节炎症反应,减轻氧化应激而起到保肝作用。
葛根,葛根是豆科植物葛的块根,属于国家卫生计生委公布的药食同源品种,始载于《神农本草经》,记载其味甘平而略带苦涩,具有清热、止渴、生津、透疹、解毒、升阳止泻之功效,素有“亚洲人参”的美誉。现代化学成分研究发现,葛根中含有丰富的葛根素、大豆苷、大豆素等异黄酮类化合、大量的淀粉、碳水化合物、蛋白质以及多种微量元素和氨基酸等营养成分,具有很高的营养价值,动物研究证实,葛根及葛根黄酮可有效降低慢性肝损伤动物的血清透明质酸、AST和ALT的含量,提高体内SOD活性;能抗脂质过氧化、抗纤维化以及清除氧自由基的作用,且可延缓肝细胞病理性损伤,发挥保护肝脏的作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著的效果:
本发明中的各原料均为国家卫生计生委公布的药食同源品种,能够有效的起到保肝护肝的效果,可以长期食用,而且在食用的同时能够给人体提供多种营养,增强人们的体质;另外,原料的选择上与中医药理论防治、预防肝病的原则相符,本发明的食品能够有效起到保肝护肝的作用。
具体实施方式
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述食品的良好效果。
试验例1:本发明食品对四氯化碳肝损伤小鼠的保护作用
材料与方法
样品:按照本发明制备的食品。
主要试剂:丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)测定试剂盒,购自南京建成生物工程研究所;四氯化碳购自天津凯通化学试剂有限公司。
实验动物:雄性小鼠60只,体重20 ±2g,由河南科技大学实验动物中心提供。
试验方法:将60只小鼠适应喂养1周,随机分为5组,每组12只,设置空白对照组、肝损伤模型组和试验组(高剂量1.2g/kg、中剂量组0.6g/kg、低剂量组0.3g/kg)。对照组和模型组每天灌服等体积生理盐水,试验组按照设计剂量灌胃,每日1次,连续8天,各组最后一次灌胃2h后,除对照组外,其余4组腹腔注射5%四氯化碳花生油溶液,剂量为0.4ml/kg,禁食不禁水16h后,摘眼球取血,4000r/min离心5min,收集血清,检测ALT和AST,开胸取肝脏,用4℃生理盐水制备肝脏组织匀浆液,4000r/min离心5min,收集上清液测定MDA和SOD,结果见表1、2。
表1本发明食品对肝损伤小鼠血清ALT, AST含量的影响()
组别 | 剂量 | ALT(U·L<sup>-1</sup>) | AST(U·L<sup>-1</sup>) |
空白对照组 | 26.51±4.28 | 53.04±1.26 | |
肝损伤模型组 | 2021.67±239.62<sup>++</sup> | 1570.99±603.72<sup>++</sup> | |
高剂量组 | 1.2g/kg | 506.22±118.97<sup>**</sup> | 394.37±221.49<sup>**</sup> |
中剂量组 | 0.6g/kg | 789.97±431.53<sup>**</sup> | 628.04±168.83<sup>*</sup> |
低剂量组 | 0.3g/kg | 1111.19±342.92<sup>**</sup> | 924.70±245.69 |
注:与空白对照组比,++p<0.01;与模型组比,**p<0.01,*p<0.05。
表2本发明食品对肝损伤小鼠肝组织匀浆SOD, MDA含量的影响()
组别 | 剂量 | SOD(U·mL<sup>-1</sup>) | MDA(mmol/mg) |
空白对照组 | 230.35±23.96 | 2.73±0.49 | |
肝损伤模型组 | 94.36±29.38<sup>++</sup> | 4.39±0.73<sup>+</sup> | |
高剂量组 | (1.2g/kg) | 214.49±89.31<sup>*</sup> | 3.01±0.69<sup>*</sup> |
中剂量组 | (0.6g/kg) | 173.85±25.62 | 3.20±0.48 |
低剂量组 | (0.3g/kg) | 118.94±13.20 | 3.49±0.31 |
注:与空白对照组比,++p<0.01,+p<0.05;与模型组比,**p<0.01,*p<0.05
结论:通过对本发明的试验例研究发现,本发明食品可以明显降低四氯化碳肝损伤小鼠的ALT和AST的含量;显著提高肝损伤小鼠的SOD活力值,降低MDA含量,说明本发明食品具有良好的保肝护肝效果,抗氧化作用是本发明食品的保肝护肝机制。
以下通过实施例对本发明食品制备方法进行详细的描述。
实施例1
一种具有保肝护肝的食品,由以下重量份数的原料组成:枸杞多糖1份、蒲公英多糖3份和葛根超微粉5份。
所述枸杞多糖的制备方法为:
步骤1:选取优质枸杞,置于烘干托盘中,于60下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得枸杞粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后枸杞粉末分别用不同浓度乙醇进行两次预处理:
第一次,95%乙醇提取3次,用量为枸杞粉末质量的8倍,每次2h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干;
第二次,80%乙醇提取3次,用量为第一次处理后枸杞粉末质量的6倍,每次1h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,残渣即为预处理枸杞粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2预处理枸杞粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,水用量为步骤2处理后的枸杞粉末质量的8倍,每次20min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.05,的浓缩液;
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥既得枸杞多糖。
所述蒲公英多糖的制备方法如下:
步骤1:将蒲公英置于烘箱中,于60干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得蒲公英粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后蒲公英粉进行脱脂预处理,以95%乙醇提取3次,用量为蒲公英粉末质量的8倍,每次1h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,残渣即为脱脂蒲公英粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2脱脂后的蒲公英粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,水用量为步骤2处理后的10倍,每次10min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.10。
所述葛根超微粉的制备方法如下:
步骤1:选取优质葛根饮片,置于烘干托盘中,于80下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,用粉碎机将葛根粉碎,得葛根粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后的葛根粉末经过气流式超微粉粉碎机处理,得葛根超微粉。
实施例2
一种具有保肝护肝的食品,包括枸杞多糖5份、蒲公英多糖15份和葛根超微粉50份。
所述枸杞多糖的制备方法
步骤1:选取优质枸杞,置于烘干托盘中,于60下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得枸杞粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后枸杞粉末分别用不同浓度乙醇进行两次预处理:
第一次,95%乙醇提取3次,用量为枸杞质量的12倍,每次4h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干;
第二次,80%乙醇提取3次,用量为第一次处理后枸杞粉末质量的10倍,每次3h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,残渣即为预处理枸杞粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2处理后枸杞粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,水用量为步骤2处理后枸杞粉末质量的20倍,每次40min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.25,得浓缩液;
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥既得枸杞多糖。
所述蒲公英多糖的制备方法如下:
步骤1:将蒲公英置于烘箱中,于60干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得蒲公英粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后蒲公英粉进行脱脂预处理,以95%乙醇提取3次,用量步骤1处理后质量的12倍,每次提取3h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,即为脱脂蒲公英粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2处理后的蒲公英粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,用量为步骤2处理后的30倍,每次提取30min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.20,得浓缩液;
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥既得蒲公英多糖。
所述葛根超微粉的制备方法如下:
步骤1:选取优质葛根饮片,置于烘干托盘中,于80下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,用普通粉碎机将葛根粉碎,得葛根粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后的葛根粉末经过气流式超微粉粉碎机处理,得葛根超微粉。
实施例3
一种保肝护肝食品,包括枸杞多糖3份、蒲公英多糖10份、葛根超微粉35份。
枸杞多糖的制备方法
步骤1:选取优质枸杞,置于烘干托盘中,于60下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得枸杞粉末。
步骤2:将步骤1处理后枸杞粉末分别用不同浓度乙醇进行两次预处理:
第一次,95%乙醇提取3次,用量为枸杞质量的10倍,每次3h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干;
第二次,80%乙醇提取3次,用量为第一次处理后枸杞粉末质量的8倍,每次提取2h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,残渣即为预处理枸杞粉末。
步骤3:将步骤2处理后枸杞粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,水用量为步骤2处理后质量的14倍,每次30min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.10,得浓缩液;
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥既得枸杞多糖。
所述蒲公英多糖的制备方法如下:
步骤1:将蒲公英置于烘箱中,于60干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得蒲公英粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后蒲公英粉进行脱脂预处理,以95%乙醇提取3次,用量步骤1处理后质量的10倍,每次2h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,即为脱脂蒲公英粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2处理后的蒲公英粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,用量为步骤2处理后的20倍,每次20min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.15,得浓缩液
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥既得蒲公英多糖。
所述葛根超微粉的制备方法如下:
步骤1:选取优质葛根饮片,置于烘干托盘中,于80下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,用普通粉碎机将葛根粉碎,得葛根粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后的葛根粉末经过气流式超微粉粉碎机处理,得葛根超微粉。
Claims (4)
1.一种具有保肝护肝的食品,其特征在于:由以下重量份数的原料组成:枸杞多糖1-5份、蒲公英多糖3-15份和葛根超微粉5-50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有保肝护肝的食品,其特征在于:所述枸杞多糖的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:选取优质枸杞,置于烘干托盘中,于60下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得枸杞粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后的枸杞粉末用不同浓度乙醇进行两次预处理:
第一次,95%乙醇用量为枸杞粉末质量的8-12倍,提取3次,每次2-4h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干;
第二次,用80%乙醇提取3次,用量为第一次处理后枸杞粉末质量的6-10倍,每次1-3h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,残渣即为预处理枸杞粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2中的预处理枸杞粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,水用量为步骤2中的预处理枸杞粉末质量的8-20倍,每次20-40min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.05-1.25,得浓缩液;
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥既得枸杞多糖。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有保肝护肝的食品,其特征在于:所述蒲公英多糖的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将蒲公英置于烘箱中,于60干燥至恒重,粉碎过60目药典筛,得蒲公英粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后的蒲公英粉末进行脱脂预处理,用95%乙醇提取3次,乙醇用量为蒲公英粉末质量的8-12倍,每次1-3h,滤出溶剂,残渣风干,残渣即为脱脂蒲公英粉末;
步骤3:将步骤2的脱脂蒲公英粉末用去离子水在超声-微波协同萃取仪提取3次,水用量为脱脂蒲公英粉末质量的10-30倍,每次10-30min,合并提取液,减压浓缩密度至1.10-1.20,得浓缩液;
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的浓缩液进行喷雾干燥既得蒲公英多糖。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有保肝护肝的食品,其特征在于:所述葛根超微粉的制备方法如下:
步骤1:选取优质葛根饮片,置于烘干托盘中,于80下在烘箱内干燥至恒重,用粉碎机将葛根粉碎,得葛根粉末;
步骤2:将步骤1处理后的葛根粉末经过气流式超微粉粉碎机处理,得葛根超微粉。
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