CN109466307A - 四轮驱动车用驱动装置 - Google Patents

四轮驱动车用驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109466307A
CN109466307A CN201811041564.4A CN201811041564A CN109466307A CN 109466307 A CN109466307 A CN 109466307A CN 201811041564 A CN201811041564 A CN 201811041564A CN 109466307 A CN109466307 A CN 109466307A
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wheel
speed
motor
torque
driving device
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CN201811041564.4A
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CN109466307B (zh
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桑原清二
高田典史
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/04—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using rollers or sliding shoes in contact with trolley wire
    • B60L5/10—Devices preventing the collector from jumping off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

提供一种驱动前轮的马达的搭载性优异的四轮驱动车用驱动装置。四轮驱动车(10)将发动机(11)经变速器(15)输出的转矩经后传动轴(26)向后轮车轴(13a)传递，且将前驱动马达(22)输出的转矩经前传动轴(27)向前轮车轴(14a)传递。前轮驱动单元(20)配置于变速器(15)与后轮车轴(13a)之间，且具备：将变速器(15)输出的转矩向后传动轴(26)传递的主轴(19)；前驱动马达(22)；相对于主轴(19)配置于在车宽方向上错开了的位置、并将前驱动马达(22)输出的转矩向前传动轴(27)传递的副轴(25)；及收纳主轴(19)、前驱动马达(22)以及副轴(25)的壳体(24)。

Description

四轮驱动车用驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及四轮驱动车用驱动装置，所述四轮驱动车用驱动装置是具备发动机和马达(或者具有发电功能的马达)作为驱动力源，并能够由发动机驱动后轮且由马达驱动前轮来进行行驶的四轮驱动车用驱动装置。
背景技术
在专利文献1中记载了这种混合动力车的一例。在专利文献1的图1中记载了如下构成：将发动机、驱动后轮的后驱动马达以及变速器从车体的前侧起依次排列，并且将后传动轴连结于变速器。另外，该文献1的图1所记载的结构，被构成为发动机驱动后轮，在该发动机的进气侧配置有驱动前轮的前驱动马达。而且，该前驱动马达经由传动机构连结于前轮。若该文献1的图1所记载的结构，若设为没有设置分动器和/或前传动轴的构成，则能够不与其他部件发生干涉地搭载前驱动马达和/或传动机构、进而由发动机驱动而作为发电马达发挥功能的后驱动马达。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2016-2772号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
在专利文献1的图1所记载的车体中，经由前驱动马达将左右的前轮互相连结，所以，为了能够进行转弯时的左右前轮的差动旋转，需要在左右前轮之间设置差动齿轮。优选差动齿轮与左右的前轮的间隔(车轴的长度)尽可能地相等，由此优选设置于车宽方向上的中央部。此外，前驱动马达为了经由差动齿轮向左右前轮传递驱动转矩，与差动齿轮同样地设置于车宽方向上的中央部。因此，除了前述的发动机之外，也将前驱动马达、差动齿轮配置于车宽方向上的中央部，所以就要在有限的空间配置这些装置，在车体的构造、制造的方面会受到大的制约。
若为了消除这样的不良情况，使前驱动马达和/或差动齿轮小型化，则在前轮侧所容许的驱动转矩被制约，所以，结果有可能作为四轮驱动车其驱动力特性被制约。
而且，在专利文献1所记载的构成中，除了体积和重量大的发动机之外，也将前驱动马达、差动齿轮搭载于车体的前侧，所以车体的重心位置会比车体的前后方向上的中央部偏向前侧，其结果，有可能对车体的行驶稳定性、转弯特性等带来不良影响。
本发明是着眼于上述的技术性问题而完成的，目的在于提供一种尽可能减少对前驱动马达的空间上的制约并提高前驱动马达的搭载性的四轮驱动车用驱动装置。
用于解决问题的技术方案
本发明为了达到上述的目的，提供一种四轮驱动车用驱动装置，是具备设置于车体的前侧的前轮和在所述车体的前后方向上设置于所述前轮的后侧的后轮的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，具备：发动机，其在所述车体的前后方向上配置于所述前轮侧；变速器，其在所述车体的前后方向上配置于所述发动机的后方；后传动轴，其朝向所述后轮传递转矩；前传动轴，其配置于相对于所述后传动轴向所述车体的宽度方向上的一方向错开了的位置，并且朝向所述前轮传递转矩；以及前轮驱动单元，其配置于所述车体的前后方向上的所述变速器的后方且配置于所述后轮的车轴的前方，所述前轮驱动单元具备：主轴，其将所述变速器所输出的转矩向所述后传动轴传递；第1马达，其配置于相对于所述主轴向所述一方向错开了的位置；副轴，其将所述第1马达的转子轴所输出的转矩向所述前传动轴传递；以及壳体，其收纳所述主轴、所述第1驱动马达、以及所述副轴。
在本发明中，可以是，所述壳体具有从所述车体的宽度方向的中央朝向所述一方向延伸的延伸部，所述第1马达收纳于所述延伸部的内部。
在本发明中，可以是，具备将由所述发动机产生的排气朝向所述车体的后方排出的排气管，所述一方向是在所述车体的宽度方向上与从所述主轴朝向所述排气管的方向相反的方向。
在本发明中，可以是，所述前轮驱动单元还具备减速器，所述减速器在所述壳体的内部与所述副轴同轴地配置，并使所述副轴的转速相对于所述转子轴的转速成为低转速。
在本发明中，可以是，所述前轮驱动单元还具备前轮变速器，所述前轮变速器在所述壳体的内部与所述副轴同轴地配置，并具有变速比不同的多个变速挡，该前轮变速器对所述转子轴所输出的转矩进行增减。
在本发明中，可以是，所述前轮驱动单元在所述壳体的内部还具备前轮变速器，该前轮变速器具有变速比不同的多个变速挡，所述前轮变速器与所述副轴同轴，并且配置于所述第1马达与所述减速器之间、或者相对于所述减速器与所述第1马达相反的一侧，该前轮变速器对从所述第1马达的所述转子轴输出的转矩或从所述减速器输出的转矩进行增减。
在本发明中，可以是，所述前轮驱动单元包括断开所述副轴与所述第1马达的转矩传递的断开机构。
在本发明中，可以是，所述前轮驱动单元还具备副变速器，所述副变速器配置于所述壳体的内部，并且具有变速比不同的多个变速挡，该副变速器将对所述变速器输出的转矩进行了增减的转矩向所述后传动轴传递。
在本发明中，可以是，还具备：操作部，其用于选择性地设定所述前轮变速器和所述副变速器的变速挡；和联动部，其响应于所述操作部被操作为设定作为最大变速比的变速挡的位置的情况，将所述前轮变速器设定成作为最大变速比的第1速，并且将所述副变速器设定成作为最大变速比的第1速。
在本发明中，可以是，还具备：第2马达，其配置于所述发动机与所述变速器之间，对所述发动机输出的转矩附加转矩，并具有发电功能；离合器机构，其设置于所述变速器，选择性地切断向所述主轴的转矩传递；蓄电装置，其储存由所述第2马达发电的电力；以及电力供给部，其将储存于所述蓄电装置的电力向所述第1驱动马达供给。
在本发明中，可以是，所述第1马达具有发电功能，四轮驱动车用驱动装置具备储存由所述第1马达发电的电力的蓄电装置。
发明的效果
根据本发明，将前轮驱动单元在车体的前后方向上的变速器的后方且后轮的车轴的前方以能够一体地进行处理的方式单元化地配置。因此，在组装时能够容易地进行处理。另外，前轮驱动单元配置于变速器的后方且配置于比后轮的车轴靠前方的位置。因此，能够使第1马达和/或其他部件不易受到空间上的制约，并且不用特别大地变更现有车体的构造地构成四轮驱动车用驱动装置。另外，将第1马达配置于比变速器靠后轮侧的位置，并且将第1马达向车体的宽度方向上的一方向偏离地配置，由此能够进一步扩大第1马达所用的空间，从而第1马达的车载性提高。
根据本发明，在壳体设置向车体的宽度方向上的一方向延伸的延伸部，并将第1马达收纳于延伸部的内部，所以能够在壳体内充分地取得第1马达的收纳空间，由此能够容易地进行第1马达的配置。
根据本发明，将一方向设为在车体的宽度方向上与从主轴朝向排气管的方向相反的方向，所以能够有效地利用隔着后传动轴与排气管相反的一侧的空间来配置第1马达。也就是说，能够由发动机驱动后轮，并且能够尽可能地减少对驱动前轮的第1马达的空间上的制约并提高驱动前轮的第1马达的搭载性。
根据本发明，由于在第1马达的输出侧具备减速器，所以通过将第1马达设为所谓的高转速型的马达，从而能够不降低前轮的驱动转矩地减小第1马达的外径。因此，不需要例如升高驾驶舱的地板，能够确保车体的最低地上高度。
根据本发明，例如具备对转子轴所输出的驱动转矩进行增幅的前轮变速器，所以，例如在铺装道路行驶时，通过设定变速比的小的变速挡，从而能够进行高速行驶。另外，例如在不良路面行驶时，通过设定变速比大的变速挡，从而能够在前轮得到大的驱动力，由此，能够提高不良路面通行性。
根据本发明，例如具备能够对减速器所输出的转矩进行增幅的前轮变速器，所以，例如在铺装道路行驶时，通过设定变速比的小的变速挡，从而能够进行高速行驶。另外，根据具备联动部的发明，例如在不良路面行驶时能够设定变速比大的变速挡。因此，能够在前轮得到大的驱动力，由此，能够提高起伏路面通行性。
根据本发明，具备切断副轴与转子轴之间的转矩传递的断开机构，所以，在利用发动机的驱动力进行行驶的情况下，能够避免不必要地带动第1马达旋转，从而抑制动力损失。
根据本发明，具备对变速器所输出的驱动转矩进行增幅的副变速器，所以，例如在不良路面行驶时，通过由副变速器设定变速比大的变速挡，从而能够在后轮得到大的驱动力，由此能够提高不良路面通行性。而且，通过并用前轮变速器而由两方的变速器设定变速比大的变速挡，从而能够进一步提高不良路面通行性。
根据本发明，在根据操作部的操作而前轮变速器或副变速器中的任意一方的变速器被设定为最大变速比的情况下，将另一方的变速器设定为最大变速比。也就是说，以在一方的变速器的变速比被设定为最大变速比的情况下将另一方的变速器的变速比设定为最大变速比的方式，使前轮变速器和副变速器联动，所以能够使操作简便。
根据本发明，例如能够由发动机驱动第2马达、利用第2马达发电的电力使第1马达驱动、进而利用第1马达的动力进行行驶。因此，能够使所谓的串联混合动力模式成立。另外，在利用第1马达进行行驶的状态下，能够由第2马达对发动机进行马达拖动而起动发动机等，能够使驱动模式或行驶模式多样化。
根据本发明，通过使第1马达作为发电机发挥功能，能够进行能量再生。在该情况下，前轮的接地载荷大或者打滑界限高，由此能够提高能量的再生效率。
附图说明
图1是示意性地示出作为本发明的实施方式的四轮驱动车的一例的说明图。
图2是示出图1所示的四轮驱动车的传动机构的一例的构架图。
图3是示出图1所示的四轮驱动车中的传动机构的另一例的构架图。
图4是示出图1所示的四轮驱动车中前轮驱动单元的例子的构架图。
图5是示出图1所示的四轮驱动车中的前轮驱动单元的另一例的构架图。
图6是示出图1所示的四轮驱动车中的前轮驱动单元的又一例的构架图。
图7是示出使前轮变速器与副变速器机械地联动的前轮驱动单元的例子的构架图。
图8是示出前用减速器的另一例的构架图。
图9是示出前用减速器的又一例的构架图。
图10是示出前轮变速器和减速器的另一例的构架图。
图11是示出前用减速器的又一例的构架图。
附图标记说明
10…四轮驱动车，11…发动机，12…车体，13…后轮，14…前轮，15…变速器，17…后驱动马达，18…传动机构，19…主轴，20、50、54、63…前轮驱动单元，22…前驱动马达，23…前轮变速器，24…壳体，24a…延伸部，25…副轴，26…后传动轴，27…前传动轴，29…前差速齿轮，28…后差速齿轮，36、39、41、52、57、80…行星齿轮机构，48…控制器，46…ECU(电子控制装置)，60、64…联动部，84…复合行星齿轮机构。
具体实施方式
图1是示意性地示出作为本发明的实施方式的四轮驱动车10的一例的说明图。图1主要示出四轮驱动车10的传动系统的一例。图1所示的实施方式是以将发动机11配置于车体12的前侧、将发动机11的动力向后轮13传递的所谓的FR(发动机前置-后轮驱动)车为基础的四轮驱动车10的一例。发动机11配置在左右的前轮14之间(在车体12的宽度方向(车宽方向)上的大致中央部)，且配置为使输出轴(曲轴)11a朝向车体的前后方向。
在发动机11的输出侧配置变速器(主变速器)15，发动机11的输出轴11a与变速器15的输入轴15a连结。主要来说，变速器15是能够适当地变更输入转速相对于输出转速的比率的机构，能够由有级变速器、能使变速比连续地变化的无级变速器等构成。变速器15优选具备能够通过结合来传递转矩、通过释放来切断转矩传递从而设定空挡状态的离合器机构16。
发动机11与变速器15配置于同一轴线上，在该发动机11与变速器15之间配置有后驱动马达17。后驱动马达17主要输出用于行驶的驱动力，另外输出对发动机11进行马达拖动的转矩，进而在串联混合动力模式下进行发电。因此，后驱动马达17连结于发动机11的输出轴11a或变速器15的输入轴15a。此外，后驱动马达17既可以直接连结于发动机11的输出轴11a或变速器15的输入轴15a，或者也可以经由适当的传动机构18连结于发动机11的输出轴11a或变速器15的输入轴15a。后驱动马达17是本发明的实施方式中的第2马达的一例。
后传动轴26经由后差速齿轮(后桥差速齿轮)28连结于后轮13的车轴13a。后差速齿轮28是向左右的后轮13传递转矩的终减速器。前传动轴27经由前差速齿轮(前桥差速齿轮)29连结于前轮14的车轴14a。前差速齿轮29是向左右的前轮14传递转矩的终减速器。
后传动轴26配置于车宽方向上的大致中央。前传动轴27配置于相对于后传动轴26向车宽方向上的一方向错开了的位置。
在变速器15的输出侧配置有四轮驱动车中的前轮驱动单元20。以将支承部21、主轴19、副轴25、前驱动马达22、以及前轮变速器23收纳于壳体24并且能够对这些部件一体地进行处理的方式使前轮驱动单元20单元化。主轴19将变速器15所输出的转矩朝向后传动轴26传递。支承部21固定于壳体24，并将主轴19支承为能够旋转。壳体24具有延伸部24a。延伸部24a以从车宽方向的中央朝向一方向延伸的方式存在。在延伸部24a收纳有前驱动马达22、前轮变速器23、以及副轴25。此外，主轴19可以与后传动轴26同轴地配置。另外，主轴19与后传动轴26也可以一体地形成。前驱动马达22是本发明的实施方式中的第1马达的一例。
前驱动马达22的转子22R输出的转矩经由前轮变速器23朝向副轴25传递。此外，虽然在转子22R上连结有转子轴22a，但以下包含转子轴22a在内地称为转子22R。副轴25将转子22R所输出的转矩或前轮变速器23所输出的转矩朝向前传动轴27传递。此外，副轴25与前传动轴27可以配置于同轴上。在本发明的实施方式中，副轴25与前传动轴27也可以一体地形成。另外，副轴25与转子22R的轴也可以一体地形成。副轴25配置于相对于主轴19向车宽方向上的一方向错开了的位置。副轴25与主轴19可以平行地配置。
前轮变速器23将从前驱动马达22输出的转矩增幅并向副轴25传递。该前轮变速器23可以由例如齿轮机构构成。四轮驱动车10可以构成为通过选择是否使前驱动马达22驱动来选择性地切断向前轮14侧的转矩的传递的分时四轮驱动车。
发动机11是使汽油等燃料与空气的混合气燃烧来产生机械动力的热机，具备多个汽缸31且具备用于排出燃烧排气的排气管32。与以往已知的汽车用发动机中的排气管同样，排气管32具备与各汽缸31连通的排气歧管31a和与该排气歧管31a连通的排气管道31b，并构成为将燃烧排气朝向车体12的后方排出。在排气管32的途中，从排气的流动方向的上游侧起设置有排气净化催化剂33和消声器34。
发动机11例如是汽缸31在直线上排列的直列发动机，排气管32在车宽方向上的右侧连接于发动机11。并且，排气管32通过相对于排列有发动机11、变速器15等的车宽方向上的中心部向右侧偏移了的位置而向车体12的后方侧延伸。壳体24的延伸部24a在车宽方向上向隔着主轴19而与排气管32相反的一侧延伸。也就是说，前传动轴27、前驱动马达22、以及副轴25在车宽方向上配置于隔着主轴19而与排气管32相反的一侧。所述排气管32、前传动轴27、变速器15、前轮驱动单元20、以及后传动轴26等配置于未图示的底板的下侧(即底板下方)。
此外，在本发明的实施方式中，排气管32也可以相对于发动机11在车宽方向上的左侧连接。也就是说，排气管32也可以通过相对于排列有发动机11、变速器15等的车宽方向上的中心部向左侧偏移了的位置而向车体12的后方侧延伸。在该情况下，前传动轴27、前驱动马达22、以及副轴25，只要在车宽方向上隔着发动机11、变速器15等而配置于与排气管32相反的一侧即可。
前驱动马达22是用于输出用于行驶的驱动力，并且在减速时进行能量再生的马达，例如采用永磁式的同步电动机那样的具有发电功能的马达。若设为由该前驱动马达22驱动前轮14的构成，因为在减速时前轮14的接地载荷变大，所以，在由前驱动马达22实现的前轮驱动方式中，制动时的前轮14的打滑(slip)变少而再生效率提高。此外，也可以省略前轮变速器23，将前驱动马达22的转子22R的轴直接连结于副轴25或前传动轴27。
在本实施方式中，壳体24成为前轮驱动单元20的外装体。该壳体24是作为变速器15的外装体的外壳15c以外的另外的部件。前轮驱动单元20配置于变速器15与后轮13的车轴13a或后差速齿轮28之间即可。壳体24以跨过主轴19和副轴25的方式安装于车体12即可。前驱动马达22配置于壳体24的内部并被壳体24支承。根据这样的构成，与例如将前驱动马达22配置于发动机11的周围的车体相比，不需要改变发动机11的周围的基本架构(框架)和/或车体12的可溃缩区域(碰撞缓冲区)的构成。因此，能够抑制或防止车体12的安全性降低。另外，将壳体24以跨过主轴19和副轴25的方式安装于车体12，所以能够使壳体24的安装牢固，并且也能够使前驱动马达22的安装牢固。
在前轮驱动单元20与后差速齿轮28之间配置有燃料箱35。前轮驱动单元20配置于不与燃料箱35干涉的位置。此外，优先配置前轮驱动单元20，即使与此相伴地改变燃料箱35的配置和/或形状，这样的改变也不会对现有的车体12的构造进行特别大的改变，所以不会特别地产生不良情况。
图2是示出图1所示的四轮驱动车的传动机构18的一例的构架图。图2所示的传动机构18是由行星齿轮机构构成的减速器36。减速器36由行星齿轮机构构成，所述行星齿轮机构具有：太阳轮36S；相对于太阳轮36S配置于同心圆上的内齿轮即齿圈36R；以及对与太阳轮36S和齿圈36R啮合的小齿轮36P进行保持的齿轮架36C。太阳轮36S与发动机11的输出轴11a或变速器15的输入轴15a配置于同一轴线上。另外，齿圈36R固定于壳等预定的固定部37。而且，齿轮架36C连结于发动机11的输出轴11a或变速器15的输入轴15a。
后驱动马达17与太阳轮36S的旋转轴配置于同轴上，该后驱动马达17具备转子17R和定子17S，转子17R与太阳轮36S连结，定子17S固定于预定的固定部37。通过像这样将减速器36以及后驱动马达17与发动机11和/或变速器15配置于同一轴线上，从而能够实现作为传动系统的整体的紧凑化。特别是，构成为作为传动系统的整体的最大外径小。
图3是示出传动机构18的另一实施方式的构架图。图3所示的传动机构18构成为由行星齿轮机构构成的动力分配机构39。动力分配机构39由单小齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成。关于动力分配机构39，后驱动马达17的转子17R连结于太阳轮39S，输出轴11a连结于齿轮架39C，输入轴15a连结于齿圈39R。发动机11所输出的动力向后驱动马达17和变速器15分配，后驱动马达17通过由发动机11带动旋转来进行发电，将与此相伴的反力施加于太阳轮39S。因此，发动机11的转速通过后驱动马达17被控制为燃耗效率高的转速，并且，发动机11的输出转矩和后驱动马达17的反力转矩合成而向变速器15输入。
此外，也可以省略上述的传动机构18(减速器36或动力分配机构39)而将后驱动马达17直接连结于输出轴11a或输入轴15a。在该情况下，使转子17R直接嵌合于输出轴11a或输入轴15a并一体化即可。另外，在本实施方式中，使用后驱动马达17和传动机构18，但在本发明中也可以省略后驱动马达17和传动机构18。
图4是示出在图1所示的四轮驱动车10中能够使用的前轮驱动单元20的另一例的构架图。如图4所示，前轮驱动单元20的前轮变速器23具有行星齿轮机构41和H-L切换部42。
行星齿轮机构41具有：太阳轮41S；与太阳轮41S配置于同心圆上的内齿轮即齿圈41R；以及对与太阳轮41S和齿圈41R啮合的小齿轮41P进行保持的齿轮架41C。行星齿轮机构41在壳体24的内部与副轴25配置于同一轴线上。
副轴25连结于齿轮架41C。前驱动马达22与行星齿轮机构41配置于同一轴线上，该前驱动马达22具备转子22R和定子22S，转子22R与太阳轮41S连结，定子22S固定于在壳体24上设置的预定的固定部37。
H-L切换部42通过致动器44将前轮变速器23切换到Hi位置(Hi)、自由(free)位置(F)以及Lo位置(Lo)中的任意一处。在Lo位置处，将齿圈41R连结于齿轮架41C，设定为最大变速比即第1速。在自由(F)位置处，使齿圈41R自由旋转，切断太阳轮S41与前驱动马达22的转子22R之间的转矩传递。在Hi位置处，将齿圈41R连结于预定的固定部43，设定为比第1速小的变速比即第2速。在此，变速比是行星齿轮机构41的输入侧转速相对于输出侧转速的比，例如是太阳轮41S的转速相对于齿轮架41C的转速的比。
除了致动器44以外，H-L切换部42构成为还包括驱动器(驱动电路)45和ECU(Electronic Control Unit：电子控制单元)46。ECU46对配置于驾驶舱的驾驶席的周边的位置切换用杆47的位置以及驱动切换用杆49的位置进行监视，并将与位置切换用杆47以及驱动切换用杆49的位置相应的信号经由驱动器45向致动器44发送。
位置切换用杆47能够在高速位置(Hi)与低速位置(Lo)之间进行切换。驱动切换用杆49能够在2WD位置与4WD位置之间进行切换。在利用位置切换用杆47选择了高速位置时，ECU46经由驱动器45控制致动器44以将前轮变速器23设定为第2速。另外，在选择了低速位置时，经由驱动器45控制致动器44以将H-L切换部42切换到Lo位置。进而，在选择了2WD位置时，ECU46经由驱动器45控制致动器44以将H-L切换部42切换到自由位置。在该情况下，成为停止前驱动马达22的驱动、利用发动机11或后驱动马达17输出的转矩来驱动后轮13的2WD模式。
在将H-L切换部42切换为自由位置时，能够将前驱动马达22从副轴25断开，以使得在前传动轴27与前驱动马达22之间不传递转矩。由此，不会在以发动机11为驱动力源进行行驶时带动前驱动马达22旋转。也就是说，能够减少前驱动马达22的拖曳损失。另外，在前驱动马达22的最大转速在构造上被限制的情况下，能够避免以发动机11为驱动力源以高车速(例如130km/h以上)行驶的情况下前传动轴27的转速即车速被前驱动马达22限制的情况。H-L切换部42是本发明的实施方式中的断开机构的一例。此外，断开机构并不限于设定于前轮变速器23。
在铺装道路行驶时，能够通过选择高速位置(Hi)进行高速行驶。另一方面，在越野道路(英文：off-lord)的上坡路行驶时等，能够通过选择低速位置(Lo)来提高大驱动力下的起伏路面通行性。此外，位置切换用杆47和/或驱动切换用杆49并不限定于切换杆等，也可以是例如开关等操作部。
ECU46对发动机11、传动机构18以及变速器15分别进行控制，并且经由控制器48对后驱动马达17和前驱动马达22进行控制。控制器48包括蓄电装置48a和逆变器48b，以使后驱动马达17和前驱动马达22作为马达发挥功能或者作为发电机发挥功能的方式进行控制。控制器48是本发明的实施方式中电力供给部的一例。
图5是前轮驱动单元的又一例的构架图。图5所示的前轮驱动单元50是在图4所示的构成的前轮驱动单元20的基础上增加了减速器51的构成的驱动单元，该减速器51配置于壳体24的内部且与副轴25配置于同一轴线上。减速器51配置于前轮变速器23的输出侧，并构成为对经由前轮变速器23从前驱动马达22输出了的转矩进行增幅。也就是说，减速器51使前传动轴27的转速相对于转子22R的转速而言成为低转速。减速器51由例如行星齿轮机构52构成。行星齿轮机构52具有太阳轮52S、与太阳轮52S配置于同心圆上的内齿轮即齿圈52R、以及齿轮架52C，该行星齿轮机构52与前传动轴27配置于同一轴线上。齿轮架52C对太阳轮52S以及与齿圈52R啮合的小齿轮52P进行保持。
副轴25连结于齿轮架52C。太阳轮52S连结于构成前轮变速器23的行星齿轮机构41的第2齿轮架42C。齿圈52R固定于预定的固定部43。
在图5所示的例子中，由于在前轮驱动单元50设置了减速器51，所以能够采用比前驱动马达22低转矩且高转速的马达。因此，能够使用例如外径小的前驱动马达22，由此，可实现前轮驱动单元50的紧凑化。
图6示出了前轮驱动单元的又一例的实施方式。图6所示的前轮驱动单元54是在图5所示的构成的前轮驱动单元50的基础上增加了切换变速器15的输出转矩大小且设置于壳体24的内部的副变速器56的例子。副变速器56具有行星齿轮机构57和后轮用H-L切换部58。
行星齿轮机构57具有太阳轮57S、与太阳轮57S配置于同心圆上的内齿轮即齿圈57R、以及齿轮架57C，该行星齿轮机构57与主轴19配置于同一轴线上。齿轮架57C对太阳轮57S和与齿圈57R啮合的小齿轮57P进行保持。输出轴15b连结于太阳轮57S。齿圈57R固定于预定的固定部43。
后轮用H-L切换部58通过致动器59将副变速器56切换到设定为第1速的Lo位置和设定为第2速的Hi位置中的任意一处。在Lo位置处，将太阳轮57S与后传动轴26连结，将副变速器56设定为比第2速的变速比大的变速比的第1速。在Hi位置处，将齿轮架57C与后传动轴26连结，将副变速器56设定为比第1速的变速比小的变速比的第2速。在此，变速比是行星齿轮机构57的输入侧转速相对于输出侧转速的比，例如是后传动轴26的转速相对于输出轴15b(太阳轮57S)的转速的比。
除了致动器59以外，后轮用H-L切换部58构成为还包括驱动器(驱动电路)61和ECU46。ECU46对位置切换用杆47的位置进行监视，并将与利用位置切换用杆47选择了的位置相应的信号经由驱动器61向致动器59发送。
在利用位置切换用杆47选择了高速(Hi)位置时，ECU46控制致动器59以将后轮用H-L切换部58切换到Hi位置，从而将副变速器56设定为第2速。另外，在选择了低速(Lo)位置时，控制致动器59以将后轮用H-L切换部58切换到Lo位置，从而将副变速器56设定为第1速。
在利用位置切换用杆47选择了高速位置时，ECU46控制致动器44以将H-L切换部(前轮用H-L切换部)42设定在Hi位置，从而将变速器(前轮变速器)23切换为第2速。另外，在选择了低速位置时，控制致动器44以将前轮用H-L切换部42设定在Lo位置，从而将前轮变速器23切换为第1速。
也就是说，ECU46具有使前轮变速器23和副变速器56联动的联动部60。即，联动部60使切换部42、58联动，以使得当后轮用H-L切换部58在Lo位置时将前轮用H-L切换部42切换到Lo位置，并且当后轮用H-L切换部58在Hi位置时将前轮用H-L切换部42切换到Hi位置。
此外，联动部60可以构成为，当后轮用H-L切换部58在Hi位置时将前轮用H-L切换部42切换到Lo位置。在像这样的构成中，能够在起步时初期和/或加速时初期将足够的转矩向前轮14传递，所以起步和/或加速的响应性提高。也就是说，联动部60响应于位置切换用杆47被操作到设定最大变速比的变速挡的低速位置的情况，以至少将后轮用H-L切换部58向Lo位置切换并且将前轮用H-L切换部42向Lo位置切换的方式对致动器44、59进行控制。位置切换用杆47是本发明的实施方式中的操作部的一例。
此外，也可以将作为电气构成的联动部60配置于前轮驱动单元20的壳体24的内部。另外，也可以省略ECU46的联动部60。在该情况下，如下构成即可：将对后轮用H-L切换部58和前轮用H-L切换部42个别地进行切换的操作部分别设置于驾驶舱的驾驶席的周边，ECU46根据各操作部的操作个别地控制后轮用H-L切换部58和前轮用H-L切换部42。
图7是示出使前轮变速器23与副变速器56机械地联动的例子的构架图。此外，本发明并不限定于图7所示的构成。如图7所示，前轮驱动单元63具有使前轮变速器23与副变速器56机械地联动的联动部64。因此，在图7所示的构成中，与在图6中所说明的前轮驱动单元54相比，能够减少一个致动器。
如图7所示，联动部64具备：鼓(drum)68，在其外周面形成有后用凸轮槽66和前用凸轮槽67；和使鼓68旋转的致动器65。凸轮从动件72嵌合于后用凸轮槽66。在保持凸轮从动件72的头部73，经由例如与主轴19平行地配置的轴74连结有后用叉(fork)69。后用叉69与后用凸轮槽66的移位相应地在轴74的轴向上移动，从而切换后轮用H-L切换部58。
也就是说，通过鼓68的旋转，后用凸轮槽66使后用叉69在将后轮用H-L切换部58切换到Lo位置的第1位置(1)与将后轮用H-L切换部58切换到Hi位置的第2位置(2)之间移动。在后用叉69移动到第1位置(1)时，使太阳轮57S连结于主轴19，另外，在移动到第2位置时，使齿轮架57C连结于主轴19。为了进行该连结，可以使用由爪和爪套筒等构成的爪型离合器(dog clutch)、湿式多板离合器等断接机构(结合机构)。此外，在轴74设置有一对施力部件74a、74b。施力部件74a、74b对后用叉69朝向第1位置(1)与第2位置(2)之间的中间位置施力。
凸轮从动件75嵌合于前用凸轮槽67。在保持凸轮从动件75的头部76经由例如与主轴19平行地配置的轴77连结有前用叉70。前用叉70与前用凸轮槽67的移位相应地在轴77的轴向上移动，从而切换前轮用H-L切换部42。
也就是说，通过鼓68的旋转，前用凸轮槽67使前用叉70依次向将前轮用H-L切换部42切换到Hi位置的第3位置(3)、将前轮用H-L切换部42切换到自由(F)位置的第4位置(4)、以及将前轮用H-L切换部42切换到Lo位置的第5位置(5)移动。在前用叉70移动到第3位置(3)时，使齿轮架41C连结于齿圈41R。在前用叉70移动到第4位置(4)时，使齿圈41R自由而使前驱动马达22从前传动轴27断开。当前用叉70移动至第5位置(5)时，使齿圈41R与预定的固定部43连结。为了进行该连结，可以使用由爪和爪套筒等构成的爪型离合器、湿式多板离合器等断接机构(结合机构)。此外，在轴77设置有施力部件77a、77b。施力部件77a、77b对前用叉70向第3位置于第5位置之间的中立位置的第4位置(4)施力。
鼓68，在使前用叉70移动到第3位置(将前轮用H-L切换部42切换到Hi位置的位置)时，使后用叉移动到第2位置(将后轮用H-L切换部58切换为Hi位置(Hi)的位置)。另外，在使前用叉移动到第5位置(将前轮用H-L切换部42切换到Lo位置(Lo)的位置)时，使后用叉69移动到第1位置(将后轮用H-L切换部58切换到Lo位置的位置)。在使前用叉70移动到第4位置(将前轮用H-L切换部42切换到自由位置(F)的位置)时，将后用叉69维持在此前的位置。
也就是说，当通过致动器65使鼓68向一方向旋转时，以依次旋转到第1旋转位置、第2旋转位置、第3旋转位置、以及第4旋转位置之后再次回到第1旋转位置的方式使旋转位置循环。第1旋转位置将前用叉70设定在第3位置(3)并且将后用叉设定在第2位置(2)。第2旋转位置将前用叉设定在第4位置(4)并且将后用叉设定在第2位置(2)。第3旋转位置将前用叉设定在第5位置(5)并且将后用叉设定在第1位置(1)。第4旋转位置将前用叉设定在第4位置(4)并且将后用叉设定在第1位置(1)。
ECU46根据位置切换用杆47和驱动切换用杆49的操作，经由驱动器78控制致动器65的驱动来控制鼓68的旋转位置。也就是说，在位置切换用杆47的位置选择为Hi位置且驱动切换用杆49的位置选择为4WD时，鼓68旋转到第1旋转位置。在位置切换用杆47的位置选择为Hi位置且驱动切换用杆49的位置选择为2WD时，鼓68旋转到第2旋转位置。在位置切换用杆47的位置选择为Lo位置且驱动切换用杆49的位置选择为4WD时，鼓68旋转到第3旋转位置。在位置切换用杆47的位置选择为Lo位置且驱动切换用杆49的位置选择为2WD时，鼓68旋转到第4旋转位置。
此外，图7所示的鼓68是通过朝向一方向旋转而依次切换旋转位置的构成。但本发明中不限于此，例如也可以是如下构成：在前用凸轮槽67设置有使前轮用H-L切换部42越过自由位置(F)而直接在第1位置(1)与第2位置(2)进行切换的旁通槽。也就是说，例如使移动块能够在通常位置与旁通位置之间移动地设置于前用凸轮槽67。通常位置使前用的凸轮从动件75能够在通常的凸轮槽通过且封堵旁通槽。旁通位置使前用的凸轮从动件75能够在旁通槽通过且封堵通常的凸轮槽。据此，能够不用暂时切断前驱动马达22与副轴25之间的转矩传递地进行选择了四轮驱动的状态下的变速。
图8是示出减速器51的另一例的构架图。在图6和图7所示的例子中，减速器(前轮减速器)设置于前轮变速器23的输出侧，与此相对，在图8所示的例子中，前轮减速器79配置于前轮变速器23的输入侧。该前轮减速器79由行星齿轮机构80构成。所述行星齿轮机构80的太阳轮80S连结于前驱动马达22的转子22R的轴，齿轮架80C连结于预定的固定部43，齿圈80R连结于前轮变速器23的输入轴23a。
图9示出了将构成图7所示的前轮减速器的行星齿轮机构中的固定要素(反力要素)与输出要素调换来构成前轮减速机构的例子。即，在构成图9所示的前轮减速器79的行星齿轮机构中，齿轮架连结于固定部而成为固定要素，齿圈连结于前传动轴27而成为输出要素。
图10示出了将构成图8所示的前轮减速器的行星齿轮机构中的固定要素(反力要素)与输出要素调换来构成前轮减速机构的例子。即，在构成图10所示的减速器51的行星齿轮机构中，齿圈连结于固定部而成为固定要素，齿轮架连结于构成前轮变速器23的行星齿轮机构中的太阳轮而成为输出要素。
图11是由构成前轮驱动单元中的前轮变速器的行星齿轮机构和构成前轮减速器的行星齿轮机构构成的所谓的复合行星齿轮机构84的例子。该复合行星齿轮机构84具有第1行星齿轮机构85和第2行星齿轮机构86。
第1行星齿轮机构85具备连结于前驱动马达22的转子22R的轴的第1要素、连结于第2行星齿轮机构86的第2要素、以及第3要素。在图11所示的例子中，第1要素为太阳轮85S，第2要素为齿圈85R。第3要素为齿轮架85C。
第2行星齿轮机构86具备连结于第2要素的第4要素、固定于预定的固定部43的第5要素、以及连结于副轴25的第6要素。在图11所示的实施方式中，第4要素为太阳轮86S，第5要素为齿圈86R，第6要素为齿轮架86C。
复合行星齿轮机构84具有H-L切换部87。H-L切换部87能够由致动器44切换到Hi位置(Hi)、自由(F)位置以及Lo位置(Lo)中的任意一处。当H-L切换部87切换到Hi位置(Hi)时，齿轮架86C与齿轮架85C连结。当H-L切换部87切换到自由位置(F)时，齿轮架86C与齿轮架85C的连结被解除。当H-L切换部87切换到Lo位置(Lo)时，齿轮架85C与预定的固定部43连结。
在H-L切换部87的自由位置(F)处，齿轮架85C被释放，在太阳轮85S上不作用反力，第1行星齿轮机构85成为不向前驱动马达22的转子22R传递转矩的、所谓的空挡状态。
本发明的实施方式中的四轮驱动车用驱动装置例如在图4中所说明的那样具备两个马达17、22，所以能够设定多种驱动状态(工作状态)。
图4所示的ECU46以微计算机为主体而构成，构成为使用输入的数据和预先存储的数据进行运算，并将运算的结果作为控制指令信号输出。例举该输入数据的例子，有作为驱动要求量的加速器开度、车速、作为制动要求的制动器踩踏力或制动器踏板的踩踏量、蓄电装置中的充电剩余量(SOC)、前轮14以及后轮13的车轮速度(转速)、发动机11的冷却水温度等。
由ECU46执行的控制包括“EV”模式和“混合动力(HV)”模式。“EV”模式包括“串联模式”和“并联模式”。“EV”模式是不使用发动机11的驱动力进行行驶的电动行驶模式。“HV”是利用发动机11和任一马达17、22的驱动力进行行驶的混合动力模式。“串联模式”是利用由后驱动马达17发电的电力驱动前驱动马达22驱动来进行行驶的模式。“并联模式”表示利用发动机11和各马达17、22的驱动力进行行驶的并联模式。
另外，前驱动马达22在任意的模式下均能够切换为在例如制动时进行能量再生来发电的状态。特别是在EV模式下行驶的状态下减小加速器开度或者进行制动操作的情况下，使前驱动马达22作为发电机发挥功能来进行能量再生。该情况下的发电能量是利用行驶惯性力使前轮14旋转由此从前轮14向前驱动马达22传递的能量。关于发电能量，由于减速时的前轮14的接地载荷大或者打滑界限高，因此能够增大再生转矩和/或再生转速而高效地进行能量再生。
在SOC足够多且加速器开度小等情况下，设定EV行驶模式。在该状态下，使离合器机构16或者制动器释放而控制为空挡状态，以使得不在变速器15中传递转矩。发动机11，燃料的供给和/或点火被阻止而被控制为停止状态。同样地，使后驱动马达17停止。与此相对，以使前驱动马达22作为输出转矩的马达来工作的方式进行所谓的动力运行，从而在前轮驱动的2WD下行驶。
用于起动发动机11的马达拖动由后驱动马达17进行。即，在SOC比预定值低的情况下、或者在发动机11的温度降低了的情况下、在加速器开度即驱动要求量增大了的情况下等，起动发动机11的条件成立。因此，控制后驱动马达17使其作为输出转矩的马达工作，另外，将变速器15控制为空挡状态，以使得不传递后驱动马达17的转矩。此外，控制前驱动马达22使其根据车体的状态作为马达发挥功能，或者将前驱动马达22控制为停止状态。
HV的串联模式是如下模式：由发动机11驱动后驱动马达17，通过后驱动马达17进行发电，利用该电力使前驱动马达22作为马达工作，利用该前驱动马达22的驱动转矩进行行驶。因此，发动机11被控制为驱动状态，另外，控制后驱动马达17使其作为发电机发挥功能。在该情况下，为了不使发动机11的驱动转矩向后轮13传递，也可以将变速器15控制为空挡状态。前驱动马达22被供给由后驱动马达17发电的电力而作为马达发挥功能，并将其驱动转矩向前轮14传递。此外，在该串联模式下减速的情况下，由前驱动马达22进行能量再生的情况与EV行驶模式下的情况同样。
并且，并联模式是利用发动机11和两个马达17、22的驱动力进行行驶的模式。因此，相对于串联模式下的工作状态，后驱动马达17利用蓄电装置48a的电力而作为马达工作，另外，为了将发动机11的驱动转矩向后轮13传递而将变速器15控制为设定预定的挡位(包括倒挡)的状态。在该并联模式下，发动机1以及后驱动马达17所输出的驱动转矩经由变速器15向后轮13侧传递，并且在此基础上，将前驱动马达22的驱动转矩附加在前轮14上，所以作为车体整体的驱动力变大，能够得到起伏路面通行性和/或动力性能优异的四轮驱动车用驱动装置。
此外，在并联模式行驶的状态下减速的情况下，能够从前轮14以及后轮13向各马达17、22传递基于行驶惯性力的转矩。因此，能够使各马达17、22作为发电机发挥功能而进行能量再生。在该情况下，前轮14处的接地载荷大或者打滑界限高，所以也能够高效地进行能量再生。
以上，本发明并不限定于上述的实施方式所示的构成，在权利要求书的范围内能够适当地变更来实施。作为一例，在上述各实施方式中所说明的减速器51、79、变速器23、56、传动机构18、动力分配机构39以及复合行星齿轮机构84等中使用了单小齿轮式行星齿轮机构，但不限于此，也可以使用双小齿轮式行星齿轮机构。
另外，在上述各实施方式中，对利用发动机11和后驱动马达17中的至少一方来驱动后轮13的混合动力车进行了说明，但本发明不限于此，也可以是省略后驱动马达17、利用发动机11来驱动后轮13的构成。

Claims (11)

1.一种四轮驱动车用驱动装置，是具备设置于车体的前侧的前轮和在所述车体的前后方向上设置于比所述前轮靠后侧的位置的后轮的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，具备：
发动机，其在所述车体的前后方向上配置于所述前轮侧；
变速器，其在所述车体的前后方向上配置于所述发动机的后方；
后传动轴，其向所述后轮传递转矩；
前传动轴，其配置于相对于所述后传动轴向所述车体的宽度方向上的一方向错开了的位置，并且向所述前轮传递转矩；以及
前轮驱动单元，其配置于所述车体的前后方向上的所述变速器的后方且配置于比所述后轮的车轴靠前方的位置，
所述前轮驱动单元具备：主轴，其将所述变速器所输出的转矩向所述后传动轴传递；第1马达，其配置于相对于所述主轴向所述一方向错开了的位置；副轴，其将所述第1马达的转子轴所输出的转矩向所述前传动轴传递；以及壳体，其收纳所述主轴、所述第1马达、以及所述副轴。
2.根据权利要求1所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，
所述壳体具有从所述车体的宽度方向的中央向所述一方向延伸的延伸部，所述第1马达收纳于所述延伸部的内部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，具备：排气管，其将由所述发动机产生的排气向所述车体的后方排出，
所述一方向是在所述车体的宽度方向上与从所述主轴向所述排气管的方向相反的方向。
4.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，
所述前轮驱动单元还具备：
减速器，其在所述壳体的内部配置成与所述副轴同轴，并使所述前传动轴的转速相对于所述转子轴的转速成为低转速。
5.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，
所述前轮驱动单元还具备：
前轮变速器，其在所述壳体的内部配置成与所述副轴同轴，具有变速比不同的多个变速档，并对所述转子轴所输出的转矩进行增减。
6.根据权利要求4所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，
所述前轮驱动单元在所述壳体的内部还具备具有变速比不同的多个变速挡的前轮变速器，
所述前轮变速器配置成与所述副轴同轴，并且所述前轮变速器配置于所述第1马达与所述减速器之间、或者相对于所述减速器与所述第1马达相反的一侧，该前轮变速器对从所述第1马达的所述转子轴输出的转矩或从所述减速器输出的转矩进行增减。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，
所述前轮驱动单元包括断开所述副轴与所述第1马达的转矩传递的断开机构。
8.根据权利要求5～7中任一项所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，
所述前轮驱动单元还具备：
副变速器，其与所述主轴同轴地配置于所述壳体的内部，具有变速比不同的多个变速挡，并对所述变速器所输出的转矩进行增减。
9.根据权利要求8所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，还具备：
操作部，其用于选择性地设定所述前轮变速器和所述副变速器的变速挡；和
联动部，其响应于所述操作部被选择为设定最大变速比的变速挡的位置的情况，将所述前轮变速器设定成作为最大变速比的第1速，并且将所述副变速器设定成作为最大变速比的第1速。
10.根据权利要求1～9中任一项所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，还具备：
第2马达，其配置于所述发动机与所述变速器之间，对所述发动机输出的转矩附加转矩，并具有发电功能；
离合器机构，其设置于所述变速器，选择性地切断向所述主轴的转矩传递；
蓄电装置，其储存由所述第2马达发电的电力；以及
电力供给部，其将储存于所述蓄电装置的电力向所述第1马达供给。
11.根据权利要求1～9中任一项所述的四轮驱动车用驱动装置，其特征在于，
所述第1马达具备发电功能，
所述四轮驱动车用驱动装置具备储存由所述第1马达发电的电力的蓄电装置。
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