CN109440342A - 一种装饰用聚氨酯合成革及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种装饰用聚氨酯合成革及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109440342A
CN109440342A CN201811305703.XA CN201811305703A CN109440342A CN 109440342 A CN109440342 A CN 109440342A CN 201811305703 A CN201811305703 A CN 201811305703A CN 109440342 A CN109440342 A CN 109440342A
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synthetic leather
dry method
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阮仁祥
迟红梅
阚道俊
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Anhui Anli Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种装饰用聚氨酯合成革，由外至内依次为防污层、印花层、干法面层、中间层、发泡层、四弹基布层和热熔胶层，本发明的装饰用聚氨酯合成革采用四面弹基布结合无溶剂工艺，制得环保的且具有四弹效果的合成革半成品，通过表面印花以及防污处理赋予合成革多彩的外观，柔和的触感及日常防污的性能，最后复合热熔胶层，制得了装饰用聚氨酯合成革，尤其在用作冰箱门板时包覆性能优良，边角处不会产生褶皱，其触感柔和，纹理多样。

Description

一种装饰用聚氨酯合成革及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯材料领域，具体涉及一种装饰用聚氨酯合成革及其制备方法。
背景技术
国外把家电分为三类：白色家电、黑色家电和米色家电。白色家电是指可以减轻人们的劳动强度（如洗衣机、部分厨房电器）和改善生活环境提高物质生活水平（如空调、电冰箱等）的产品。早期这些家电大多是白色的外观，因此得名，目前中国大陆是世界上最大的白色家电生产基地。随着人们生活水平和物质文化的提高，人们对家电的外观提出了更高的要求，现在传统白色家电的外观也日趋多样化，以冰箱为例，现在主流冰箱面板以彩色钢化玻璃或塑料为主，其优点是外观绚丽多彩，但触感冰冷，僵硬，纹理单一（基本为平面），且常规合成革产品用于冰箱门板存在包覆性不佳，边角易发生褶皱，且由于生产过程中使用大量有机溶剂，导致产品不够环保。
发明内容
针对上述不足，本发明提供了一种装饰用聚氨酯合成革，由外至内依次为防污层、印花层、干法面层、中间层、发泡层、四弹基布层和热熔胶层，采用四面弹基布结合无溶剂工艺，制得环保的且具有四弹效果的合成革半成品，通过表面印花以及防污处理赋予合成革多彩的外观，柔和的触感及日常防污的性能，最后复合热熔胶层，制得了适宜于装饰用的聚氨酯合成革，尤其在用作冰箱门板时包覆性能优良，边角处不会产生褶皱。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种装饰用聚氨酯合成革，由外至内依次为防污层、印花层、干法面层、中间层、发泡层、四弹基布层和热熔胶层，这里防污层的作用是对厨房常见的酱油，醋，食用油，料酒等污染源有较好的防护作用，保持冰箱外观洁净，这里的印花层可根据需要设计不同的纹理花色，解决了现有的冰箱面板纹理单一的不足，而干法面层则可以提高表面耐磨耐刮性能。
进一步的，所述干法面层和中间层分别由以下组分按重量份数构成：
聚醚型聚氨酯树脂 80~120份，
DMF 40~60份，
颜料 5~15份，
流平剂 0.10~0.50份。
优选的，所述颜料为色浆或色粉。
进一步的，所述发泡层由质量比为(1.5~2.5):1的A料和B料混合而成无溶剂发泡浆料构成，
所述A料由以下组分按重量份数构成：
聚酯多元醇 100份，
填料 30~60份，
催化剂 0.01~0.1份，
发泡剂 0.01~0.1份；
所述B料为异氰酸酯预聚体。
优选的，所述填料为高岭土或木质素。
优选的，所述四弹基布层由氨纶四弹基布构成。
优选的，所述防污层由耐黄变型聚氨酯防污处理剂构成。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种装饰用聚氨酯合成革的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a、按照配比依次配制好干法面层、中间层浆料，将干法面层浆料涂覆在离型纸上，烘干固化后形成干法面层，再将中间层浆料涂覆在干法面层上，烘干固化后形成中间层；
b、按配比配制好发泡层浆料，将发泡层浆料涂覆于步骤a制备的中间层上，烘烤至黏胶状态后与所述四弹基布贴合，熟化后冷却剥离离型纸得到干法半成品；
c、将干法半成品常温熟化后，在干法面层进行印花和防污处理，得到防污半成品；
d、将防污半成品的四弹基布层与热熔胶进行复合，制得聚氨酯合成革。
优选的，在步骤a中，所述干法面层浆料的涂覆厚度为0.12~0.20mm，烘干固化温度为100~135℃，所述中间层浆料的涂覆厚度为0.12~0.20mm，烘干固化温度为100~135℃；
在步骤b中，所述发泡层浆料的涂敷厚度为0.20~0.30mm，所述烘烤的温度为80~110℃，所述熟化的温度为125~135℃；
在步骤c中，所述常温熟化的时间为24~48h；
在步骤d中，所述热熔胶的厚度为0.10~0.15mm，熔程为45~85℃，所述复合工艺为热合辊温度120~140℃，复合气压5~8MPa，车速5~8米/分钟。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明的装饰用聚氨酯合成革环保性能优，由于使用无溶剂工艺，成品中DMF能够控制在50ppm以内（常规湿法PU合成革一般在1000~3000ppm）。
2、本发明的装饰用聚氨酯合成革中增加了四弹基布层，尤其在用作冰箱门板时包覆性能优良，边角处不会产生褶皱。
3、本发明的装饰用聚氨酯合成革背面复合热熔胶层，在后加工贴合过程中只需加热即可与面板贴合，减少了后续的加工工序。
4、将本发明的装饰用聚氨酯合成革尤其适用于制作冰箱门板，与现有钢化玻璃或塑料面板相比，本发明提供的产品触感柔和，纹理多样，可根据客户需要定制纹路、色彩以及触感。
具体实施内容
下面结合具体的实施例进一步阐述本发明。下列实施例仅用于解释和说明本发明，而不构成对本发明范围的限制。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的试验方法，通常为常规条件，或者按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
以下实施例中干法面层所使用聚醚型聚氨酯树脂为合肥安利聚氨酯新材料有限公司的聚醚型聚氨酯树脂LT-80A，中间层所使用的聚醚型聚氨酯树脂为合肥安利聚氨酯新材料有限公司的聚醚型聚氨酯树脂ST-8630，干法面层和中间层所使用的流平剂均为毕克化学有限公司的流平剂BYK-9565，发泡层所使用的聚酯多元醇为合肥安利聚氨酯新材料有限公司的聚酯多元醇AL-1026A，异氰酸预聚体为合肥安利聚氨酯新材料有限公司的异氰酸酯预聚体AL-5040B，催化剂为德音化学有限公司的DY-5508，发泡剂为德音化学有限公司的DY-2958，其余均为市售产品。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
实施例1
将聚醚型聚氨酯树脂80份、DMF40份、色浆5份、流平剂0.10份混合制成干法面层浆料，再将聚醚型聚氨酯树脂80份、DMF40份、色浆5份、流平剂0.10份混合制成中间层浆料，将干法面层浆料涂覆在离型纸上，涂覆厚度为0.20mm，100℃烘干固化后形成干法面层，再将中间层浆料涂覆在干法面层上，涂覆厚度为0.18mm，120℃烘干固化后形成中间层；
将聚酯多元醇100份、高岭土30份、催化剂0.01份、发泡剂0.01份混合制成A料，B料为异氰酸酯预聚体，将A料和B料按照质量比为1.5:1混合制成发泡层浆料，将发泡层浆料涂覆于步骤a制备的中间层上，涂覆厚度为0.2mm，于110℃下烘至黏胶状态后与氨纶四弹基布贴合，经125℃熟化后冷却剥离离型纸得到干法半成品；
将干法半成品常温熟化24h后，在干法面层进行印花和并添加耐黄变型聚氨酯防污处理剂进行防污处理，得到防污半成品；
将防污半成品的氨纶四弹基布层与热熔胶进行复合，所述热熔胶的厚度为0.10mm，熔程为45~65℃，制得装饰用聚氨酯合成革，其中，所述复合工艺为热合辊温度120℃，复合气压5MPa，车速6米/分钟。
实施例2
将聚醚型聚氨酯树脂100份、DMF50份、色粉10份、流平剂0.3份混合制成干法面层浆料，再将聚醚型聚氨酯树脂120份、DMF60份、色浆5份、色粉10份、流平剂0.5份混合制成中间层浆料，将干法面层浆料涂覆在离型纸上，涂覆厚度为0.12mm，120℃烘干固化后形成干法面层，再将中间层浆料涂覆在干法面层上，涂覆厚度为0.20mm，135℃烘干固化后形成中间层；
将聚酯多元醇100份、高岭土40份、催化剂0.05份、发泡剂0.05份混合制成A料，B料为异氰酸酯预聚体，将A料和B料按照质量比为2:1混合制成发泡层浆料，将发泡层浆料涂覆于步骤a制备的中间层上，涂覆厚度为0.3mm，于100℃下烘至黏胶状态后与氨纶四弹基布贴合，经130℃熟化后冷却剥离离型纸得到干法半成品；
将干法半成品常温熟化48h后，在干法面层进行印花和并添加耐黄变型聚氨酯防污处理剂进行防污处理，得到防污半成品；
将防污半成品的氨纶四弹基布层与热熔胶进行复合，所述热熔胶的厚度为0.15mm，熔程为60~80℃，制得装饰用聚氨酯合成革，所述复合工艺为热合辊温度130℃，复合气压6MPa，车速8米/分钟。
实施例3
将聚醚型聚氨酯树脂120份、DMF60份、色粉5份、色浆10份、流平剂0.5份混合制成干法面层浆料，再将聚醚型聚氨酯树脂100份、DMF50份、色粉10份、流平剂0.3份混合制成中间层浆料，将干法面层浆料涂覆在离型纸上，涂覆厚度为0.18mm，135℃烘干固化后形成干法面层，再将中间层浆料涂覆在干法面层上，涂覆厚度为0.12mm，100℃烘干固化后形成中间层；
将聚酯多元醇100份、高岭土60份、催化剂0.1份、发泡剂0.1份混合制成A料，B料为异氰酸酯预聚体，将A料和B料按照质量比为2.5:1混合制成发泡层浆料，将发泡层浆料涂覆于步骤a制备的中间层上，涂覆厚度为0.25mm，于80℃下烘至黏胶状态后与氨纶四弹基布贴合，经135℃熟化后冷却剥离离型纸得到干法半成品；
将干法半成品常温熟化36h后，在干法面层进行印花和并添加耐黄变型聚氨酯防污处理剂进行防污处理，得到防污半成品；
将防污半成品的氨纶四弹基布层与热熔胶进行复合，所述热熔胶的厚度为0.13mm，熔程为70~85℃，制得装饰用聚氨酯合成革，所述复合工艺为热合辊温度140℃，复合气压8MPa，车速5米/分钟。
本发明使用四面弹基布结合无溶剂工艺，制得环保的且具有四弹效果的合成革半成品，尤其在用作冰箱门板时包覆性能优良，边角处不会产生褶皱；通过表面印花以及防污处理赋予合成革多彩的外观，柔和的触感及日常防污的性能，最后复合热熔胶层，制得了适宜于装饰用的聚氨酯合成革，环保性能优，由于使用无溶剂工艺，成品中DMF能够控制在50ppm以内（常规湿法PU合成革一般在1000~3000ppm），采用本发明中的装饰用聚氨酯合成革制得的冰箱门板寿命佳，防污性能优异，表面触感柔和，纹理多样。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的替换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种装饰用聚氨酯合成革，其特征在于：由外至内依次为防污层、印花层、干法面层、中间层、发泡层、四弹基布层和热熔胶层。
2.如权利要求1所述的装饰用聚氨酯合成革，其特征在于：所述干法面层和中间层分别由以下组分按重量份数构成：
聚醚型聚氨酯树脂 80~120份，
DMF 40~60份，
颜料 5~15份，
流平剂 0.10~0.50份。
3.如权利要求2所述的装饰用聚氨酯合成革，其特征在于：所述颜料为色浆或色粉。
4.如权利要求1所述的装饰用聚氨酯合成革，其特征在于：所述发泡层由质量比为(1.5~2.5):1的A料和B料混合而成无溶剂发泡浆料构成，其中，所述A料由以下组分按重量份数构成：
聚酯多元醇 100份，
填料 30~60份，
催化剂 0.01~0.1份，
发泡剂 0.01~0.1份；
所述B料为异氰酸酯预聚体。
5.如权利要求4所述的装饰用聚氨酯合成革，其特征在于：所述填料为高岭土或木质素。
6.如权利要求1所述的装饰用聚氨酯合成革，其特征在于：所述四弹基布层由氨纶四弹基布构成。
7.如权利要求1所述的装饰用聚氨酯合成革，其特征在于：所述防污层由耐黄变型聚氨酯防污处理剂构成。
8.一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述的装饰用聚氨酯合成革的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
a、按照配比依次配制好干法面层、中间层浆料，将干法面层浆料涂覆在离型纸上，烘干固化后形成干法面层，再将中间层浆料涂覆在干法面层上，烘干固化后形成中间层；
b、按配比配制好发泡层浆料，将发泡层浆料涂覆于步骤a制备的中间层上，烘烤至黏胶状态后与所述四弹基布贴合，熟化后冷却剥离离型纸得到干法半成品；
c、将干法半成品常温熟化后，在干法面层进行印花和防污处理，得到防污半成品；
d、将防污半成品的四弹基布层与热熔胶进行复合，制得冰箱门板装饰用聚氨酯合成革。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤a中，所述干法面层浆料的涂覆厚度为0.12~0.20mm，烘干固化温度为100~135℃，所述中间层浆料的涂覆厚度为0.12~0.20mm，烘干固化温度为100~135℃；
在步骤b中，所述发泡层浆料的涂覆厚度为0.20~0.30mm，所述烘烤的温度为80~110℃，所述熟化的温度为125~135℃；
在步骤c中，所述常温熟化的时间为24~48h；
在步骤d中，所述热熔胶的厚度为0.10~0.15mm，熔程为45~85℃，所述复合工艺为热合辊温度120~140℃，复合气压5~8MPa，车速5~8米/分钟。
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