CN109432362B - 一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物及其制备方法,所述天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡5~10份、酸枣仁10~20份、郁金10~20份、枳实5~10份、大枣15~30份、珍珠母20~30份、栀子5~10份。本发明的天然组合物,含有多种有效成分,针对抑郁症多个靶点协同作用,整个组合物具有提高脑部单胺类神经递质分泌、促进神经营养因子表达、降低炎症因子产生、保护神经元的作用,对治疗抑郁症具有良好效果。本组合物采用天然药用资源为原料,疗效确切且无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及天然组合物技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
抑郁症(Depression)是指由多种因素如心境障碍、遗传等引起的,以显著而持久的心境低落和认知功能障碍为主要临床特征的一类心境及情感障碍,具有患病率高、复发率高、自杀率高等特点,是全球性公共卫生问题之一。临床上主要表现为情绪消沉,从闷闷不乐到悲痛欲绝,自卑抑郁,甚至悲观厌世,严重的甚至有自杀企图或行为。每次发作持续至少2周以上、长者甚至数年,多数病例有反复发作的倾向,部分患者可能有残留症状或转为慢性抑郁。目前,我国对抑郁症的医疗防治还存在着识别率低、治疗效果不显著等问题。目前全世界患病人数大约有3.22亿人,并且据不完全报道,近30年间,抑郁症的发病率暴增10~20倍,现在仍然呈上升趋势。但国内地级市以上的医院对其识别率不足20%,其中只有不到10%的患者接受了相关的药物治疗;同时,抑郁症的发病以及可能伴随的自杀性行为已开始出现低龄(大学,乃至中小学生群体)化趋势。防治抑郁症的创新药物研究已成为医药科学发展的重要内容。
抑郁症的具体发病机制目前尚不清楚,较多研究提示中枢神经系统单胺类神经递质传递功能下降为其主要病理改变,故目前大多数抗抑郁药均通过不同途径提高神经元突触间隙单胺类神经递质的浓度,以期达到治疗目的,常见的有三环类抗抑郁药、单胺氧化酶抑制剂和神经递质再摄取抑制剂等,它们大多作用靶点单一,起效慢,不良反应多,临床效果不甚理想。因此多靶点,多系统共同作用类抗抑郁药物的研发已成为新药发展的主要研究方向。天然药物具有显著的多靶点、多途径作用,多种天然药物已报道具有抗抑郁作用,并已经成为研究的热点,具有很高的开发价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之缺陷,提供了一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物及其制备方法,本发明采用天然药物为原料,整个组合物具有提高脑部单胺类神经递质分泌、促进神经营养因子表达、降低炎症因子产生、保护神经元的作用,对治疗抑郁症具有良好效果。
本发明是这样实现的:
本发明目的之一在于提供一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物,所述天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡5~10份、酸枣仁10~20份、郁金10~20份、枳实5~10份、大枣15~30份、珍珠母20~30份、栀子5~10份。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、分别按比例称取所述的柴胡、酸枣仁、郁金、枳实、大枣、珍珠母和栀子,烘干后粉碎、混匀得到混合天然组合物粉末;
步骤2、将步骤1所得的混合天然组合物粉末加水浸泡后回流提取,过滤收集滤液,得到混合天然组合物浸提液;
步骤3、将步骤2所得混合天然组合物浸提液离心取上清,上清液减压浓缩,干燥后粉碎即得所述用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物。
本发明的天然组合物,可加入常规辅料(淀粉、植物油等),按常规方法制成。这些剂型包括:片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、胶囊剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、丸剂、散剂等。
本发明中各主要原料的功效活性如下:
1、柴胡可通过提高海马、杏仁核及额叶皮质部位脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及TrkB的表达来改善抑郁症状,含有的柴胡皂苷可有效抑制海马区胆碱乙酰转移酶蛋白的表达、降低乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,从而影响神经递质乙酰胆碱代谢,并通过抑制天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶1的活性而减少肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)及白细胞介素1(IL-1)的产生,减轻神经元损伤。
2、酸枣仁可提高血清IL-6和IL-1β水平,同时降低TNF-α水平,提高了海马的BDNF及其特异性受体TrKB的表达,促进神经元的生存,同时降低前额叶中多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的含量而发挥抗抑郁作用。
3、郁金可以改善脑内单胺类神经递质5-羟色胺,去甲肾上腺素,多巴胺,5-羟基吲哚乙酸的含量,提高神经营养素与神经生长因子表达。
4、枳实通过提高海马及皮质脑源性神经营养因子mRNA和糖皮质激素受体mRNA表达,抑制下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺皮质轴亢进,调节胃肠激素、增加胃肠动力,能显著增加胃泌素胃动素,增加胃排空率和肠推动力来达到抗抑郁效果。
5、大枣中存在具有磷酸二酯酶抑制作用的物质,能够抑制磷酸二酯酶的活性,增加血清和海马组织内cAMP的含量。
6、珍珠母中的珍珠母蛋白能够抑制酪氨酸羟化酶,阻断酪氨酸合成多巴胺,从而抑制去甲肾上腺素的合成。
7、栀子可通过调节甘氨酸和N-乙酰天门冬氨酸,降低谷氨酸、肌醇、乳酸和丙氨酸等代谢产物水平来增强海马组织中神经元的活性来发挥抗抑郁作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和效果:
1、本发明提供的一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物,该天然组合物以柴胡、酸枣仁、郁金、枳实、大枣、珍珠母和栀子组成,整个组合物具有提高脑部单胺类神经递质分泌、促进神经营养因子表达、降低炎症因子产生、保护神经元的作用,对治疗抑郁症具有良好效果。
2、本发明提供的一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物,制作原材料均为天然药用资源,不添加任何化学抗菌剂,安全无毒。
3、本发明提供的一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物,建模后进行动物实验,发现实验例给药组糖水偏好增加;悬尾不动时间降低;5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量、去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量均降低;通过对小鼠脑部海马区组织切片进行HE染色观察发现实验例给药组细胞形态结构较好,海马区锥体细胞层次分明,排列整齐紧密,核大而圆,核仁清晰;综上表明,本发明提供的一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物对小鼠抗抑郁效果良好。
4、本发明提供的一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物,含有多种有效成分,针对抑郁症发生的多个靶点协同作用,能够有效治疗抑郁和躁狂症,效果显著,无不良反应和任何毒副作用。
附图说明
图1为实验例提供的各组小鼠糖水摄取百分比;
图2为实验例提供的各组小鼠悬尾不动时间;图中:*表示与模型组比较有显著差异,**表示与与模型组比较有极显著差异;
图3为实验例提供的各组小鼠脑部神经递质含量;
图4为实验例提供的各组小鼠脑部海马区组织切片HE染色图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1、一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物
所述天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡10份、酸枣仁15份、郁金10份、枳实10份,大枣20份、珍珠母25份、栀子10份。
2、所述天然组合物的制备方法
按组方配比取适量组分混合粉碎,与纯水以质量体积比1:5~10的比例混合,浸泡1~2h,70~90℃回流提取1~2h,过滤收集滤液,滤液3000r/min离心取上清,上清液减压浓缩,干燥后粉碎记得所述天然组合物。服用方法:每日100ml,分早晚两次饭后服用,7天为一疗程。
实施例2
1、一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物
所述天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡5份、酸枣仁20份、郁金20份、枳实10份,大枣15份、珍珠母20份、栀子10份。
2、所述天然组合物的制备方法
按组方配比取适量组分混合粉碎,与纯水以质量体积比1:5~10的比例混合,浸泡1~2h,70~90℃回流提取1~2h,过滤收集滤液,滤液3000r/min离心取上清,上清液减压浓缩,干燥后粉碎即得所述天然组合物。服用方法:每日100ml,分早晚两次饭后服用,7天为一疗程。
实施例3
1、一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物
所述天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡10份、酸枣仁10份、郁金10份、枳实5份,大枣30份、珍珠母30份、栀子5份。
2、所述天然组合物的制备方法
按组方配比取适量组分混合粉碎,与纯水以质量体积比1:5~10的比例混合,浸泡1~2h,70~90℃回流提取1~2h,过滤收集滤液,滤液3000r/min离心取上清,上清液减压浓缩,干燥后粉碎即得所述天然组合物。服用方法:每日100ml,分早晚两次饭后服用,7天为一疗程。
实施例4
1、一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物
所述天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡8份、酸枣仁17份、郁金15份、枳实8份,大枣20份、珍珠母25份、栀子7份。
2、所述天然组合物的制备方法
按组方配比取适量组分混合粉碎,与纯水以质量体积比1:5~10的比例混合,浸泡1~2h,70~90℃回流提取1~2h,过滤收集滤液,滤液3000r/min离心取上清,上清液减压浓缩,干燥后粉碎记得所述天然组合物。服用方法:每日100ml,分早晚两次饭后服用,7天为一疗程。
对比例1
该对比例的天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡10份、酸枣仁15份、郁金10份、枳实10份、栀子10份、当归25份和石菖蒲20份。其制备方法同实施例1。
对比例2
该对比例的天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡10份、大枣20份、郁金10份、珍珠母25份、当归15份、白术10份和石菖蒲10份。其制备方法同实施例1。
实验例
1、动物饲养与分组
选取雄性昆明种小鼠为试验对象,体重18~20g,饲养于SPF级动物房,室温20-22℃,相对湿度为60%-70%,灯照周期为12h(7:00-9:00灯照,19:00-7:00黑暗),适应性喂养5天后,随机分为给药组(实施例1给药组、以及对比例1给药组和对比例2给药组)、正常组、阳性组与模型组,每组10只。各组小鼠每日按常规方法分笼喂养,各给药组以3g/kg·BW剂量灌胃,阳性组灌胃0.2g/kg·BW美利曲辛片溶液,模型组与正常组灌胃蒸馏水。
2、模型构建
采用慢性不可预知应激制备小鼠抑郁模型。应激小鼠每日随机接受不同种的刺激并在造模过程中保持孤养状态,共28天。实验中采取的刺激方法包括:夹尾悬空1min,180r/min振荡15min,锥形瓶中行为限制2h,热刺激5min,禁水24h,禁食24h,冷水中游泳5min。
3、行为学观察指标
3.1日常行为观察
每天处理前称量记录小鼠质量及水、鼠粮剩余量以计算前一天小鼠的进食量、进水量,并观察小鼠的活泼状态,各组进行比较,每组又与前一日进行比较,记录结果。
3.2蔗糖偏好实验
实验进行前72h进行糖水适应训练,适应糖水后,对小鼠同时剥夺食物和饮水23h。后每笼小鼠同时给予1瓶装有1%糖水和1瓶装有自来水的水瓶,让其自由饮水。12h后测定糖水和自来水消耗量,计算糖水偏好率。糖水偏好率=糖水消耗量/(糖水消耗量+自来水消耗量)。
3.3悬尾实验
实验前60min将小鼠移至测试房。实验时将小鼠尾巴用胶带固定起来悬挂在实验架上离地面15cm左右,实验持续6min(1min适应时间和5min记录),不动时间为小鼠被悬挂后完全不动的时间。
4、脑部神经递质检测
行为学测试结束后,立即进行冰上取脑,称量脑组织质量,置于裂解液中匀浆10min(质量体积比为1:10),匀浆后12000r/min离心10min,取上清,每管20μL分装,取出试剂盒,按照试剂盒说明书进行操作。
5、组织形态观察
取小鼠大脑,浸泡于4%多聚甲醛中,进行石蜡包埋切片,H-E染色,显微镜下观察海马区组织形态。
6、统计分析
实验数据均用均数±标准差表示。使用SPS对比例2给药组2对所有数据先进行正态性和方差齐性检验,然后两组间比较使用独立样本t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
7、结果与分析
7.1各组对小鼠体质量变化的影响
28天后各小鼠体质量与实验起始时做差。与正常组增加(3.84±1.11)g相比,模型组减少(3.23±1.71)g(P<0.01),对比例1给药组增加(1.42±1.54)g(P<0.01),实施例1给药组增加(3.8±1.64)g(P<0.01),对比例2给药组增加(2.73±1.45)g(P<0.01),则应激组小鼠可能食欲减退,实施例1、对比例1、对比例2的天然组合物可起到一定缓解作用(见表9)。
表1各实施例对小鼠体重变化的影响
注:a表示与空白组比较有显著差异;b表示与模型组比较有显著差异。
7.2各组对小鼠行为学能力的影响
(1)糖水摄取比:给药28天后,与正常组小鼠64.67%相比,模型组糖水摄取比61.85%有所下降,阳性组糖水摄取比可达64.02%,基本与正常组持平,对比例1给药组(68.42%)及实施例1给药组(72.80%)小鼠糖水摄取比明显高于模型组,而对比例2给药组(60.75%)较正常组有所下降(见图1)。
(2)悬尾不动时间:模型组(86s)相比于正常组(79.25s)不动时间显著增加,实施例1给药组(26.14s)相比模型组减少程度极显著(P<0.01);阳性组、对比例1给药组和对比例2给药组相比模型组显著减少(P<0.05)(见图2)。
(3)相同时段内观察每组小鼠单位时间内的活动只数与活动频率发现,模型组小鼠两项指标均最低,呈现低落状态,而各给药组与正常组情况相近,活动较为频繁。
综上,从行为学表现来看,模型组较正常组糖水摄入量和偏爱比降低、悬尾不动时间增加,表明应激组小鼠抑郁造模成功。各给药组相比于模型组,糖水偏好增加,悬尾不懂时间降低,表明各给药组均有一定的抗抑郁作用,其中实施例1给药组效果最好。
7.3各组对脑部神经递质的影响及组织形态观察
如图3所示,模型组小鼠脑组织中5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量(224.69ng/ml)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量(24.84nmol/ml)与正常组5-羟色胺含量(95.36ng/ml)、去甲肾上腺素含量(106.66nmol/ml)相比均出现显著异常,证明建模成功;实施例1给药组5-HT、NE含量与空白组最为接近,证明实施例1提供的天然组合物对小鼠抗抑郁效果良好;阳性组、对比例1给药组与对比例2给药组各项指标含量情况显示出其也具有一定的抗抑郁效果。
7.4各组对脑部海马区组织形态的影响
如图4所示,通过对小鼠脑部海马区组织切片进行HE染色观察发现,模型组海马区细胞形态结构明显不完整,海马锥体细胞不同程度减小,排列散乱,细胞轮廓模糊,核周间隙增大,梭型、三角形坏死细胞增多,存活细胞呈空泡状,证明造模成功。而正常组与实施例1给药组类似,细胞形态结构较好,海马区锥体细胞层次分明,排列整齐紧密,核大而圆,核仁清晰,其他各组海马区锥体细胞排列较为紧密、层次较为分明,细胞形态结构介于对比例2给药组与模型组之间,说明实施例1的天然组合物对抑郁具有良好的治疗效果。
综合以上所有指标来看,给药组对抑郁症都有一定的缓解作用,但相比于对比例1以及对比例2,以本发明实施例1提供的一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物效果最好。
需要说明的是,由于实施例1为最佳实施例,这里只给出实施例1的实验效果,事实上,实施例2-实施例4也能实现与实施例1相似的实验效果。
所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物,其特征在于,所述天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡5~10份、酸枣仁10~20份、郁金10~20份、枳实5~10份、大枣15~30份、珍珠母20~30份、栀子5~10份。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物,其特征在于,所述天然组合物包括下列重量份的原料:柴胡10份、酸枣仁15份、郁金10份、枳实10份,大枣20份、珍珠母25份、栀子10份。
3.一种如权利要求1-2任一所述的用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、分别按比例称取所述的柴胡、酸枣仁、郁金、枳实、大枣、珍珠母和栀子,烘干后粉碎、混匀得到混合天然组合物粉末;
步骤2、将步骤1所得的混合天然组合物粉末加水浸泡后回流提取,过滤收集滤液,得到混合天然组合物浸提液;
步骤3、将步骤2所得混合天然组合物浸提液离心取上清,上清液减压浓缩,干燥后粉碎即得所述用于治疗抑郁症的天然组合物。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中,所述加水体积为原料总质量的5~10倍;浸泡时间为1~2h。
5.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中,所述回流提取的温度为70-90℃;提取的时间为1~2h。
6.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中离心所用的转速为3000r/min,离心时间为15-30min。
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