CN111135158A - 西红花酸用于调节肠道菌群失调 - Google Patents
西红花酸用于调节肠道菌群失调 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有抗抑郁作用、调节肠道菌群结构功能的西红花酸,西红花酸是从中药材西红花或栀子黄中提取的有效成分,可恢复抑郁小鼠的海马组织损伤,使神经元细胞数量、形态正常化。同时西红花酸可调节抑郁小鼠的肠道菌群结构,使其更接近于正常组。西红花酸可用于抗抑郁、肠道菌群调节,口服给药,服用方便,毒副作用小,长期服药无危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及西红花酸的新用途,尤其涉及西红花酸在制药领域中的用途,确 切的说是在制备肠道菌群调节的药物中的用途。
背景技术
西红花,为鸢尾科植物番红花(Crocus sativus L.)花柱的上部及柱头,别名 洎夫兰、番红花、番栀子蕊、撒馥兰、撒法郎、藏红花等。在2018年,西红花 被列入了“新浙八味”,故开发其作用具有重大意义。传统中医认为藏红花味甘 微酸,性平,入心、肝经,有活血化瘀,散郁开结之功效,可用于治疗忧思郁结, 胸膈痞闷,吐血,伤寒发热,惊悸恍惚等症状。在我国,以番红花之名始见于《品 汇精要》:“主宽胸膈,开胃进饮食,久服滋下元,悦颜色,及治伤寒发狂”。《纲 目》中已有番红花,“气味甘、平、无毒,主治心气忧郁、郁闷不散、活血,久 服令人心喜,治惊悸。”在伊朗传统药用食物中,认为西红花可以作为抑郁病人 的药用食物,也有实验证明此观点。
抑郁症是世界上常见的一种神经精神疾病。据估计,在每年80万例自杀者 中,有50%是由于抑郁症引起的,因此,重度抑郁症患者的自杀问题已成为一个 重要的公共卫生问题;
抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病,目前已有多种抗抑郁药物被广泛使用,包括SSRIs、三环类抗抑郁药、5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂和单胺氧化酶抑 制剂。然而,目前使用的大多数抗抑郁药物的疗效不超过40-50%,而且由于副 作用,包括性功能障碍、头痛、呕吐和失眠,仍然不能令人满意。因此,寻找副 作用小的抗抑郁药物是很有价值的。
西红花的药用历史已有2500年;西红花素有多种靶向治疗的功效,并以活 血化瘀的特性而闻名。临床试验表明,西红花的抗抑郁作用可与氟西汀、丙咪嗪 等药物抗抑郁作用相媲美,且观察到的副作用较少。有研究者证明西红花柱头提 取物可改善抑郁症,别外一些研究人员也发现西红花、西红花素可调节下丘脑- 垂体-肾上腺轴,降低血清皮质酮。在以往的研究中,西红花的抗抑郁作用被归 因为西红花醛(safranal)和西红花苷(crocin),因为它们可以作用于DA、5-HT 和去甲肾上腺素的再摄取。西红花素和番红花素是西红花的两种重要成分。已有 多种动物模型证实,西红花、西红花素可诱导抗抑郁作用,增加海马区CREB、 BDNF、VGF水平。在体外模型中,Crocin可通过下调Bcl-2和上调Bax来保护 PC12细胞免受潜在的神经毒性作用。而一项研究发现,西红花酸(crocetin)比 crocin更有效地治疗抑郁症。因此,本研究的目的是确定番红花素是否为抗抑郁 药的有效成分及其对肠道菌群的调节作用。
发明内容
第一方面,本发明提供了西红花酸在制备抗抑郁药物中的应用。
第二方面,本发明还提供了西红花酸在制备用于调节抑郁患者肠道菌群食 品、保健品以及药品中的应用;在本发明一些实施例中,西红花酸用于恢复COG 功能;在本发明一些实施例中,西红花酸用于调整RuminococcaceaeUCG-014、 Turicibacter、Romboutsia和Alistipes的含量。
第三方面,西红花酸在制备预防或治疗由肠道菌群紊乱引起的亚健康状态和 /或疾病药物中的应用;在本发明一些实施方式中,所述亚健康状态选自肠道系 统功能紊乱和/或情感障碍;在本发明另一些实施例中,所述亚健康状态选自由 于肠道益生菌,优选地乳酸菌含量减少引起的肠道系统功能紊乱和/或情感障碍。
在本发明另一些实施方式中,所述疾病选自肠易激综合症、抑郁症、焦虑症、 结肠炎和结肠癌中的一种或多种。
第三方面,本发明还提供了一种包含西红花酸的药材在制备用于调节抑郁患 者肠道菌群食品、保健品以及药品中的应用;在本发明一些实施方式中,所述的 所述药材为西红花或者栀子。
上述实验结果表明,本发明具有几个方面的优点:
1.本发明西红花酸能延长实验动物的悬尾的不动潜伏期,缩短悬尾不动时 间,增加血清中CREB、DA的含量,减少proBDNF含量,对慢性束缚抑郁模型 小鼠有治疗作用,发掘了西红花酸的药用前景,开拓了一个新的药用领域;
2.本发明中的西红花酸能恢复抑郁小鼠的海马组织损伤,使神经元细胞数 量、形态正常化。为西红花抗抑郁作用提供研究依据;
3.本发明首次研究西红花酸与肠道菌群的关系,结果表明西红花酸可调节肠 道菌群的结构,使抑郁小鼠的肠道菌群结构更接近正常组;
4.本发明的西红花酸可恢复部分COG功能;
5.本发明的西红花酸采用口服给药,服用方便,毒副作用小,长期服药无危 害;
6.本发明西红花酸的原药资源非常丰富,具有良好的社会和经济效益;
7.本发明的西红花酸适用于抑郁患者,作用于多个环节,疗效确切;
8.本发明为将西红花、栀子黄进一步开发成新药提供了强有力的基础。
附图说明
图1小鼠海马组织的HE染色及Nissl染色结果图;
图2为小鼠肠道菌群分析图;
图3为Figure 1肠道菌群差异性分析图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步地描述。
实施例1
称取栀子黄1kg,加入纯水至80L,用2M NaOH将溶液的PH调至12,室 温放置6h后,用1M H2SO4将溶液的PH调至2,置4℃过夜抽滤,用甲醇:冰 乙酸(4:1)对抽滤后的物质重结晶三次得最终产物-西红花酸。
试验例:
为了更好地理解本发明的实质,下面将用西红花酸的药理实验及结果来说明其抗抑郁及肠道菌群调节作用。
西红花酸的抗抑郁及肠道菌群调节作用实验如下:
1.西红花酸对慢性束缚(CRS)抑郁小鼠模型的作用研究
⑴材料及试剂:西红花酸(HPLC≥98%);氟西汀(Flu),礼来苏州制药有限公 司;ALT,AST试剂盒,购自美康生物科技股份有限公司;ICR小鼠,雄性,体 重,购自上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司,合格证号:0277988;实验动物使用许 可证号:SCXK(沪)2012-0002。
2.方法:正常组小鼠60只随机分6组,除正常组外,小鼠被限制在一个50ml 的离心管中(直径为3厘米,长度为10厘米),这样可以防止前后移动和限制左 右移动,但每天6小时(09:00到15:00),持续28天的。每天分别给药(crocetin-L, 20mg/kg;crocetin-M,40mg/kg;crocetin-H,80mg/kg;Flu,10mg/kg)在约束 期结束后,按如下顺序对小鼠进行了两种行为测试:旷场测试(OFT)和悬尾测试 (TST)。小鼠在行为实验后立即被处死。眼眶取血收集了血液,血清经3500rpm 离心(美国Thermo公司)分离15min,-80℃保存,待进一步检测DA,CREB, proBDNF。新鲜粪便立即冷冻于液氮中,并储存于-80℃进行进一步分析。
3.结果:
表1结果表明首先,结果显示CRS可导致体重增长缓慢,并可上调血清AST、 ALT和肝脏指数(肝脏指数=肝脏重量/体重)。西红花酸改善小鼠体重的增长缓慢 (表1),降低血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷草转氨酶(ALT)和肝脏指数,保护肝脏。
*P<0.05,**P<0.01 vs CRS group;#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001 vscontrol group.
表2结果表明与对照组相比,CRS小鼠明显减少了穿线次数,增加了粪便数 量。然而,用西红花酸处理的小鼠的运动活动明显增加,粪便颗粒数明显下降。
注:*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001与模型组相比;#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001与模型组 相比。
表3结果显示慢性束缚应激会缩短悬尾不动的潜伏期,延长悬尾的不动时 间,而西红花酸能显著性改善这个现象。
注:*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001与模型组相比;#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001与 模型组相比。
表4结果显示慢性束缚应激会减少血清中CREB和DA的含量,增加 proBDNF的含量,而西红花酸能显著性增加CREB和DA的含量,减少proBDNF 的含量。
注:*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001与模型组相比;#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001与模型组 相比。
采用H&E染色法观察小鼠海马组织形态学变化。结果表明,正常组脑组织 形态正常,细胞密度较高。CRS组海马神经元结构疏松,海马锥体细胞层排列 紊乱。模型组神经元数目减少,神经元染色异常,核凝结。西红花酸能明显减少 异常染色神经元的数量。另外,西红花酸组的脑组织形态基本正常。
Nissl体作为一种神经特征结构,其数目反映了神经元的状态。生理条件下,Nissl体大而丰富,说明神经元蛋白合成功能强;另一方面,当神经细胞受损时, CRS组皮质和海马的Nissl体数量呈淡染,呈稀疏排列。对照组和crocetin组Nissl 染色较深,皮质和海马神经元密度较高(图1)。
为了阐明crocetin处理对肠道菌群的贡献,我们收集了12只小鼠的粪便样 本(对照组、CRS组、crocetin-H组;n=4)。在crocetin组中,ace指数在门水平 显著升高(图2A),而CRS和crocetin对Shannon没有影响(图2B)。根据PCA分 析,对照组和CRS组在三维地图上更加分散,crocetin-H组更接近对照组(图2C)。 NMDS2分析结果显示,control组和CRS组分别接近两个坐标,crocetin-H组更 接近于control组(图2D),如图2E所示,CRS组与对照组之间的距离高于crocetin 组。
另外,在物种上,抑郁改变了Pseudolongum PV8-2(P=0.0349)、Parabacteroides(P=0.0055)、Muribaculum(P=0.0348)、Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 (P=0.0004)的丰富度(图2F)。而crocetin的干预会使RuminococcaceaeUCG-014的 数量(P=0.0304;P=0.0000)与CRS组不同,与对照组相近(图2G)。此外,crocetin 组中Turicibacter(P=0.0234)、Romboutsia(P=0.0397)和Alistipes(P=0.0257)的含量 更高。在门水平上丰度最高的7个物种的比例依次为:Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Deferribacteres,Patescibacteria,Proteobacteria,Epsilonbacteraeota (图2H)。
此外,还比较了纲、科、属水平的差异。结果显示,与抑郁症相关的最重要 的物种包括Lactobacillus、norank_f_Muribaculaceae、Bacteroides、 Ruminococcaceae-UCG-014(图3A)。CRS组瘤胃球菌Ruminococcaceae-UCG-014 和Lactobacillus的丰度增加(图3C,3G),而Bacteroides、Muribaculaceae、 Saccharimonadaceae和Erysipelotrichaceae的丰度减少(图3D,3E,3F,3H)。经 crocetin处理后,瘤胃球菌ucg_014的丰度明显降低,拟杆菌的丰度明显升高, 乳酸菌的丰度降低,Muribaculaceae、Saccharimonadaceae、Erysipelotrichaceae 的丰度升高。另外,CRS可以影响Dubosisella、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group、 Anaerovorax的丰度,crocetin使肠道菌群的变化逆转至接近对照组(图3B)。同时, 我们预测了所有组的PICRUSt的功能成分谱,发现CRS组的COG类功能被打 乱,而crocetin可以恢复。crocetin的肠道菌群功能特征是碳水化合物运输和代 谢、细胞壁/膜/包膜生物发生、翻译、核糖体结构和生物发生(图3I,3J)。同时, CRS组改变最大的信号通路是转译后的修改,蛋白质转换,伴随蛋白(P=0.061), 其次是细胞壁/膜/包膜合成(P=0.067)和能量产生和转换(P=0.074),CRS组的这 些功能降低。COG功能信息结果显示,与CRS组相比,crocetin增强了细胞壁/ 膜/包膜的生物发生(P=0.072)。
上述实验结果表明,本发明具有几个方面的优点:
1.本发明西红花酸能延长实验动物的悬尾的不动潜伏期,缩短悬尾不动时 间,增加血清中CREB、DA的含量,减少proBDNF含量,对慢性束缚抑郁模型 小鼠有治疗作用,发掘了西红花酸的药用前景,开拓了一个新的药用领域;
2.本发明中的西红花酸能恢复抑郁小鼠的海马组织损伤,使神经元细胞数 量、形态正常化。为西红花抗抑郁作用提供研究依据;
3.本发明首次研究西红花酸与肠道菌群的关系,结果表明西红花酸可调节肠 道菌群的结构,使抑郁小鼠的肠道菌群结构更接近正常组;
4.本发明的西红花酸可恢复部分COG功能;
5.本发明的西红花酸采用口服给药,服用方便,毒副作用小,长期服药无危 害;
6.本发明西红花酸的原药资源非常丰富,具有良好的社会和经济效益;
7.本发明的西红花酸适用于抑郁患者,作用于多个环节,疗效确切;
8.本发明为将西红花、栀子黄进一步开发成新药提供了强有力的基础。
实施例2
西红花酸为红色粉末,不溶于水,可加入相应辅料,制成片剂、胶囊、缓释 片、滴丸、冲剂、微粒剂或制成针剂。
西红花酸临床推荐剂量:50-250mg/天,口服,一天3次。
Claims (9)
1.西红花酸在制备调节肠道菌群失调的食品、保健品或药品中的应用。
2.西红花酸在制备调节抑郁患者肠道菌群食品、保健品以及药品中的应用。
3.西红花酸在制备预防或治疗由肠道菌群紊乱引起的亚健康状态和/或疾病药物中的应用。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述亚健康状态选自肠道系统功能紊乱和/或情感障碍。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述亚健康状态选自由于肠道益生菌,优选地乳酸菌含量减少引起的肠道系统功能紊乱和/或情感障碍。
6.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述疾病选自肠易激综合症、抑郁症、焦虑症、结肠炎和结肠癌中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求1或2或3或4或5或6所述的应用,其特征在于,西红花酸用于恢复COG功能。
8.一种包含西红花酸的药材在制备用于调节抑郁患者肠道菌群食品、保健品以及药品中的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药材为西红花或者栀子。
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CN112402485A (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 湖南通证医药科技有限公司 | 植物提取物在抗产褥期精神综合症药物中的应用 |
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