CN109432361A - 一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法,通过对不同药材进行不同的浸泡处理,再经蒸汽爆破处理,提高药物中有效成分的提取效率,之后采用微波辅助‑水蒸气蒸馏方式,在短时间内完成蒸馏过程,增加挥发油、提取液中有效成分的含量,整个蒸馏过程时间短,效率高,最大程度地保留挥发油成分,同时避免长时间蒸馏造成药材受热发生焦化,或使成分发生变化,提高挥发油的收率和质量,保证产品的疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药制药技术领域,具体涉及一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法。
背景技术
抗病毒口服液是获国家卫生部批准上市的中成药,收载于《中华人民共和国卫生部部颁标准》WS3-(X-39)-92(z),产品为复方制剂,由九味中药组成,其中一味为矿物药石膏,其它八味为植物药,其处方为板蓝根129g、石膏57g、芦根61g、地黄32g、郁金25g、知母25g、石菖蒲25g、广藿香29g、连翘46g加辅料、纯化水制成1000ml的抗病毒口服液。临床上用于风热感冒、温病发热引起的上呼吸道感染、流感及流行性腮腺炎等病毒感染性疾患,具有较好的疗效。处方中连翘、广藿香、石菖蒲、郁金等四味药材含挥发油,据文献报道,药效学实验证明抗病毒口服液中广藿香醇(百秋李醇)具有良好的退热、抗菌的作用。
目前的提取工艺多采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,水蒸气蒸馏法是将水蒸气通入不溶或难溶于水但有一定挥发性的有机物质中,使该有机物质在低于100℃的温度下,随着水蒸气一起蒸馏来。由于其具有设备简单、操作安全、不污染环境、成本低、避免了提取过程中有机溶剂残留对油质造成影响等特点,是有效提取中药挥发油的重要方法。但由于存在原料易受热易焦化,或使成分发生变化,往往会降低挥发油中的有效成分,降低产品疗效。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法,有效提高产品中挥发油等有效成分含量。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法,具体工艺步骤如下:
(1)中药原料预处理:
A、按《中国药典》中抗病毒口服液的处方配方,称取适量配方量的板蓝根、石膏、广藿香、生地黄、郁金、芦根、石菖蒲、知母、连翘分别进行粉碎成细段,长度在1-2cm;
B、在24-32℃的水温条件下,对药材进行浸泡处理,将板蓝根、石菖蒲、生地黄、郁金、芦根、知母、连翘浸泡2-4h,将广藿香单独浸泡,浸泡时间在1-2h,浸泡加水量为药材量的8-10倍;
(2)药材提取:
A、把浸泡好的药材滤出水分,保留浸泡水,将药材混合后放入蒸汽爆破机物料仓中,通入饱和蒸汽,压力设定在1.0-2.0MPa,保持压力30-60s后,迅速完成泄压,实现蒸汽爆破;
B、之后向药材中加入5-8倍量的浸泡水,以微波功率450-500W直接加热进行水蒸气蒸馏提取,提取后通过油水分离器得到挥发油和提取液;
对药渣以相同方法再提取一次过滤后合并提取液;
(3)提取液浓缩:将步骤(2)得到的提取液浓缩,至70℃测相对密度为1.20~1.30;
(4)醇沉浓缩:向步骤(3)浓缩后的提取液中加入85%以上乙醇,混合均匀使含醇量达到70%,静置小时,过滤取上清液,减压回醇并浓缩至70℃测相对密度为1.10~1.20;
(5)挥发油包合处理:
采用水溶性环糊精对步骤(2)收集的挥发油进行包合处理,采用超声仪进行超声辅助包合处理内,得到挥发油包合物;
(6)配液:取步骤(5)所得的挥发油包合物与步骤(4)所得的浓缩液混合,加入辅料,调节PH值至5.0~5.5,用纯化水定容、过滤,室温测相对密度为1.10~1.16,得抗病毒口服液。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)药材提取:微波辅助-水蒸气蒸馏时间在40-90min。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)药材提取过程中,添加浸泡药材的浸泡水进行蒸馏,浸泡水不足时,添加蒸馏水进行蒸馏提取。
进一步地,所述步骤(5)挥发油包合处理方法具体如下:
取适量的水溶性环糊精加入适量蒸馏水制备饱和溶液,然后缓慢加入50%的挥发油无水乙醇溶液,置于超声仪内,置于40-55℃温度下超声40-70min,进行真空干燥或喷雾干燥得粉状挥发油包合物。
更进一步地,所述挥发油的包合过程中,挥发油与水溶性环糊精的液固比mL/g为1:(4-7)。
更进一步地,所述水溶性环糊精选择羟丙基-β环糊精。
本发明有益效果如下:
本发明通过对不同药材进行不同的浸泡处理,再经蒸汽爆破处理,提高药物中有效成分的提取效率,之后采用微波辅助-水蒸气蒸馏方式,在短时间内完成蒸馏过程,增加挥发油、提取液中有效成分的含量,整个蒸馏过程时间短,效率高,最大程度地保留挥发油成分,同时避免长时间蒸馏造成药材受热发生焦化,或使成分发生变化,提高挥发油的收率和质量,保证产品的疗效。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例进一步阐述本发明,但并不限制本发明的内容。凡与本发明等效的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
抗病毒口服液的制备方法,具体工艺步骤如下:
(1)中药原料预处理:
A、称取900g板蓝根、400g石膏、200g广藿香、225g生地黄、175g郁金、425g芦根、175g石菖蒲、175g知母、325g连翘粉碎成细段,长度在1-2cm;
B、在28℃的水温条件下,对药材进行浸泡处理,将板蓝根、石菖蒲、生地黄、郁金、芦根、知母、连翘浸泡2.5h,将广藿香单独浸泡,浸泡时间在1.5h,浸泡加水量为药材量的8倍;
(2)药材提取:
A、把浸泡好的药材滤出水分,保留浸泡水,将药材混合后放入蒸汽爆破机物料仓中,通入饱和蒸汽,压力设定在1.5MPa,保持压力30s后,迅速完成泄压,实现蒸汽爆破;
B、之后向药材中加入8倍量的浸泡水,以微波功率480W直接加热进行水蒸气蒸馏提取60min,收集得到挥发油乳浊液1962ml,经油水分离器分离得到挥发油19.6mL和提取液;
对药渣加入6倍量的浸泡水,以相同方法再提取一次过滤后合并提取液;浸泡水不足时补充添加蒸馏水;
(3)提取液浓缩:将步骤(2)得到的提取液浓缩,至70℃测相对密度为1.23;
(4)醇沉浓缩:向步骤(3)浓缩后的提取液中加入85%以上乙醇,混合均匀使含醇量达到70%,静置小时,过滤取上清液,减压回醇并浓缩至70℃测相对密度为1.14;
(5)挥发油包合处理:
将步骤(2)收集的挥发油脱水后,之后使用同体积的95%的无水乙醇溶液稀释处理,得到50%的挥发油无水乙醇溶液;
按照挥发油与环糊精1:5的液固比(mL/g),称取羟丙基-β环糊精加入适量蒸馏水制备饱和溶液,然后缓慢加入50%的挥发油无水乙醇溶液,置于超声仪内,置于50℃温度下超声60min,进行于50℃下真空干燥,得粉状挥发油包合物;
(6)配液:取步骤(5)所得的挥发油包合物与步骤(4)所得的浓缩液混合,加入800g蜂蜜、1250g蔗糖辅料,调节PH值至5.3,用纯化水定容至7000mL、过滤,室温测相对密度为1.13,得抗病毒口服液。
实施例2:制备方法与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:
在步骤(1)中药原料预处理过程中,对药材进行浸泡处理时间不同:
在28℃的水温条件下,对药材进行浸泡处理,将板蓝根、石菖蒲、生地黄、郁金、芦根、知母、连翘联同广藿香一起进行浸泡处理,浸泡时间在1.5h,浸泡加水量为药材量的8倍。
实施例3:制备方法与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:
在步骤(1)中药原料预处理过程中,对药材进行浸泡处理时间不同:
在28℃的水温条件下,对药材进行浸泡处理,将板蓝根、石菖蒲、生地黄、郁金、芦根、知母、连翘联同广藿香一起进行浸泡处理,浸泡时间在2.5h,浸泡加水量为药材量的8倍。
实施例4:制备方法与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:
在步骤(2)药材提取过程中,把浸泡好的药材滤出水分,保留浸泡水,不经过蒸汽爆破处理,直接进行微波辅助-蒸气蒸馏处理:
向药材中加入8倍量的浸泡水,以微波功率480W直接加热进行水蒸气蒸馏提取60min,收集得到挥发油乳浊液1952ml,经油水分离器分离得到挥发油18.1mL和提取液;
对药渣加入6倍量的浸泡水,以相同方法再提取一次过滤后合并提取液;浸泡水不足时补充添加蒸馏水。
实施例5:制备方法与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:
在步骤(2)药材提取过程中,不使用微波辅助蒸馏:
A、把浸泡好的药材滤出水分,保留浸泡水,将药材混合后放入蒸汽爆破机物料仓中,通入饱和蒸汽,压力设定在1.5MPa,保持压力30s后,迅速完成泄压,实现蒸汽爆破;
B、之后向药材中加入8倍量的浸泡水,进行水蒸气蒸馏提取2h,收集得到挥发油乳浊液1946ml,经油水分离器分离得到挥发油19.2mL和提取液;
对药渣加入6倍量的浸泡水,以相同方法再提取一次过滤后合并提取液;浸泡水不足时补充添加蒸馏水。
实施例6:考察挥发油的出油量,以挥发油的总体积为考察指标。
对实施例1-5中制备的挥发油的总体积进行测定,测定结果见表1。
表1本发明挥发油出油量的测定结果
序号 | 浸泡方式 | 蒸汽爆破 | 蒸馏方式 | 挥发油总体积 |
实施例1 | 1.5h/2.5h | 有 | 微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏 | 19.6mL |
实施例2 | 共同浸泡1.5h | 有 | 微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏 | 18.3mL |
实施例3 | 共同浸泡2.5h | 有 | 微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏 | 18.7mL |
实施例4 | 1.5h/2.5h | 无 | 微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏 | 18.1mL |
实施例5 | 1.5h/2.5h | 有 | 水蒸气蒸馏 | 19.2mL |
从表1的测定结果可知,采用本发明技术方案对挥发油进行提取出油量较高,按照药材属性进行分别浸泡相比较于共同浸泡出油量更高,分析原因:因连翘、板蓝根等属于根茎、果实类质地较为紧密类的药材,广藿香属于质地较轻的叶、茎叶等类药材,对不同性质的药材浸泡时间也不同;通过蒸汽爆破处理后的药材,在短时间内将药材纤维撕裂为细小纤维,细胞膨胀破裂,挥发性组分自动扩散,更利于挥发油后期随着水蒸气一同被蒸馏出来;微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏与传统上的水蒸气蒸馏相比,挥发油的提取量增加并不明显,但其可以加快挥发油提取速度,在短时间内完成挥发油的提取,避免长时间的蒸馏造成药材发生焦化,影响产品药物疗效。
Claims (6)
1.一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法,其特征在于,具体工艺步骤如下:
(1)中药原料预处理:
A、按《中国药典》中抗病毒口服液的处方配方,称取适量配方量的板蓝根、石膏、广藿香、生地黄、郁金、芦根、石菖蒲、知母、连翘分别进行粉碎成细段,长度在1-2cm;
B、在24-32℃的水温条件下,对药材进行浸泡处理,将板蓝根、石菖蒲、生地黄、郁金、芦根、知母、连翘浸泡2-4h,将广藿香单独浸泡,浸泡时间在1-2h,浸泡加水量为药材量的8-10倍;
(2)药材提取:
A、把浸泡好的药材滤出水分,保留浸泡水,将药材混合后放入蒸汽爆破机物料仓中,通入饱和蒸汽,压力设定在1.0-2.0MPa,保持压力30-60s后,迅速完成泄压,实现蒸汽爆破;
B、之后向药材中加入5-8倍量的浸泡水,以微波功率450-500W直接加热进行水蒸气蒸馏提取,提取后通过油水分离器得到挥发油和提取液;
对药渣以相同方法再提取一次过滤后合并提取液;
(3)提取液浓缩:将步骤(2)得到的提取液浓缩,至70℃测相对密度为1.20~1.30;
(4)醇沉浓缩:向步骤(3)浓缩后的提取液中加入85%以上乙醇,混合均匀使含醇量达到70%,静置小时,过滤取上清液,减压回醇并浓缩至70℃测相对密度为1.10~1.20;
(5)挥发油包合处理:
采用水溶性环糊精对步骤(2)收集的挥发油进行包合处理,采用超声仪进行超声辅助包合处理内,得到挥发油包合物;
(6)配液:取步骤(5)所得的挥发油包合物与步骤(4)所得的浓缩液混合,加入辅料,调节PH值至5.0~5.5,用纯化水定容、过滤,室温测相对密度为1.10~1.16,得抗病毒口服液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)药材提取:微波辅助-水蒸气蒸馏时间在40-90min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)药材提取过程中,添加浸泡药材的浸泡水进行蒸馏,浸泡水不足时,添加蒸馏水进行蒸馏提取。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)挥发油包合处理方法具体如下:
取适量的水溶性环糊精加入适量蒸馏水制备饱和溶液,然后缓慢加入50%的挥发油无水乙醇溶液,置于超声仪内,置于40-55℃温度下超声40-70min,进行真空干燥或喷雾干燥得粉状挥发油包合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法,其特征在于,所述挥发油的包合过程中,挥发油与水溶性环糊精的液固比mL/g为1:(4-7)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高抗病毒口服液有效成分的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水溶性环糊精选择羟丙基-β环糊精。
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