CN109430640A - 一种解酒护肝的功能饮料 - Google Patents
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109430640A CN109430640A CN201811084294.5A CN201811084294A CN109430640A CN 109430640 A CN109430640 A CN 109430640A CN 201811084294 A CN201811084294 A CN 201811084294A CN 109430640 A CN109430640 A CN 109430640A
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- parts
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- hide gelatin
- honey
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，主要由如下重量份的原料制备而成：葛根1‑5份，枸杞子1‑5份，枳椇子1‑5份，大枣0.1‑5份，肉豆蔻0.1‑5份，桑叶0.1‑5份，菊花0.1‑5份，山楂0.1‑5份，人参0.1‑5份，海甘蓝0.1‑5份，阿胶0.1‑1份，蜂蜜0.1‑1份，麦芽0.1‑5份。本发明功能饮料可以促进乙醇的代谢，防细胞能量产生途径三羧酸循环的代谢受到影响，避免肝炎、肝硬化等疾患的发生，减轻醉酒头疼症状，长期饮用可实现补气养血，生津止渴，降低胆固醇，软化血管，润肺除痰，疏肝理气，清热解毒，护肝保肝等功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健技术领域，具体涉及一种解酒护肝的功能饮料。
背景技术
中国的酒文化历史悠久，节假日走亲访友，同学聚会，工作宴请，放眼于日常工作与生活，酒几乎无处不在，同时饮酒过量而伤人伤己的事情是时常发生。现代研究表明：酒精在人体的吸收代谢途径主要为：肠胃、肝脏、皮肤和呼吸系统等；其中肠胃是酒精的主要吸收场所，90％以上酒精通过肝脏中的酶系统进行氧化代谢，其余则通过皮肤、呼吸和排泄排出体外。过量饮酒、醉酒对人体的危害是十分严重的。急性大量饮酒可引起恶心、呕吐、注意力不集中、精细运动能力受损、情绪不稳定，严重时可引起昏睡、昏迷、呼吸、循环功能衰竭而死亡。长期饮酒可引起消化、神经、循环等系统诸多病变。乙醇在体内有极少量直接经尿、汗或肺排出，绝大部分酒精主要在肝脏代谢，经乙醇脱氢酶将酒精转化为乙醛，而乙醛对人体有毒，再经肝乙醛脱氢酶氧化为乙酸，最后变成水和二氧化碳排出体外。长期大量饮酒，可引起酒精性肝病，酒精性脑病、脑萎缩、酒精性痴呆、酒精性骨病，骨质疏松和股骨头坏死，还可引起酒精性心肌病，使冠心病的患病率和病死率增加，男性阳萎，孕期婴儿发育缺陷，被污染酿造出来的酒可以致癌。
肝脏是人体最大的腺体，它在人的代谢、胆汁生成、解毒、凝血、免疫、热量产生及水与电解质的调节中均起着非常重要的作用。一般来说，造成肝损伤主要有两大类致病因素，一类是由病原微生物如病毒感染而引起的肝脏炎症，如甲肝、乙肝等。另一类则是化学性肝损伤，它由各种毒性物质，如食物中的酒精、环境中的化学毒物及某些药物等对肝脏造成的损伤。
目前市场解酒药的分类及作用：1、化学药品：多是兴奋剂、维生素与氨基酸等成分，起到促进酒精分解和醒酒的作用，对酒精造成的脏器伤害和慢性中毒效果甚微。2、酶制剂：含乙醛脱氢酶和中药的解酒胶囊，可以迅速分解乙醛和吸附酒精，但价格昂贵。3、中药
制剂：中药解酒有悠久的历史，采用整体观辨证论治，对急慢性酒精中毒均有治疗作用。中医理论认为，酒为大热有毒之品，过饮之必伤及脾胃肝胆而引发疾病。病机则可归纳为：脾胃气虚、痰湿内阻、水湿内停、气血不和、气滞血瘀等。其中，酒伤肝脾、聚湿生痰为发病之关键；而素体禀赋不足、脾胃虚弱为发病之本。中国有着丰富的药用植物资源，且我国古代历有诸多解酒良方，对饮酒造成的各种症候都有相应的配方。据古籍所载，方剂或治法多种多样，仅对《太平圣惠方》、《世医得效方》、《普济方》和《医方类聚》的不完统计，
大小的解酒和戒酒方药约150余种，其中解酒方剂占90％，戒酒方剂占10％。当今我国有部分学者对其中的国粹古方如葛花解醒酒汤、酒仙乐、干钟酒、石膏汤和五子衍宗丸等解酒验方的解酒能力进行研究，并有人研制醒酒口服液、醒酒茶和解酒功能制剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种解酒护肝的功能饮料。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，主要由如下重量份的原料制备而成：葛根1-5份，枸杞子1-5份，枳椇子1-5份，大枣0.1-5份，肉豆蔻0.1-5份，桑叶0.1-5份，菊花0.1-5份，山楂0.1-5份，人参0.1-5份，海甘蓝0.1-5份，阿胶0.1-1份，蜂蜜0.1-1份，麦芽0.1-5份。
优选的，所述的解酒护肝的功能饮料，主要由如下重量份的原料制备而成：葛根3份，枸杞子3份，枳椇子3份，大枣2.5份，肉豆蔻2.5份，桑叶2.5份，菊花2.5份，山楂2.5份，人参2.5份，海甘蓝2.5份，阿胶0.5份，蜂蜜0.5份，麦芽2.5份。
在其中一些实施例中，所述解酒护肝的功能饮料，还可以加入如下重量份的原料制备而成：厚叶岩白菜根0.1-5份，胡枝子0.1-5份。
优选的，所述解酒护肝的功能饮料，还可以加入如下重量份的原料制备而成：厚叶岩白菜根2.5份，胡枝子2.5份。
本发明还提供了一种上述解酒护肝的功能饮料的制备方法，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）按配方量称取各原料，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，自然发酵，获得发酵物；
3）将发酵物用水浸润，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液杀菌处理，过滤，获得滤液；
5）往滤液加入阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜，搅拌均匀，即可。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤2）中所述自然发酵为：先把发酵原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫1-5min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经7-14d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤3）中所述浸润为往发酵物加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤4）中所述杀菌处理为将步骤3）中所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度120±1℃，然后冷却至室温；所述过滤为将冷却至室温后汁液160-200目过滤，得滤液。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤5）中所述阿胶的水溶液为将阿胶用10-20倍重量的水化开所得。
本发明所述解酒护肝的功能饮料，制备方法中经过自然发酵这一工序，具有以下三个方面的特点：（1）微生物中含有可作用于药用植物材料的酶类，将细胞壁及细胞间质中的纤维素、半纤维素等物质降解，从而使细胞破裂、细胞间隙增加，减小细胞壁、细胞间质等传质屏障，提升压榨取汁有效物的溶出；（2）经自然发酵后，人体内不能直接利用的大分子有效活性组分，植物资源经微生物多种酶的作用分解变成小分子，使原来不易被利用的物质变得易被消化吸收；（3）蛋白质、多肽等物质被分解成小分子多肽，更有利于机体的吸收以及功效活性的增强。
在其中一些实施例中，所述解酒护肝的功能饮料还可以食品添加剂，所述食品添加剂是为改善食品色、香、味等品质，以及为加工工艺的需要而加入的人工合成或者天然物质，所述食品添加剂可以为酸度调节剂、抗结剂、消泡剂、抗氧化剂、漂白剂、膨松剂、着色剂、护色剂、酶制剂、增味剂、营养强化剂、甜味剂、增稠剂、香料的一种或一种以上的混合。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果：
本发明解酒护肝的功能饮料精选了葛根、枸杞子、枳椇子、大枣、肉豆蔻、桑叶、菊花、山楂、人参、海甘蓝、阿胶、蜂蜜、麦芽诸原料组方复配，通过自然发酵、浸润、压榨取汁、杀菌等工艺制得，具有以下特点：
（1）所制得的饮料溶液均匀，体系稳定，口感柔滑，清甜可口；
（2）实验证明，对乙醇脱氢酶有激活作用，促进乙醇的代谢，防止细胞能量产生途径三羧酸循环的代谢受到影响，避免肝炎、肝硬化等疾患的发生。
（3）葛根、枸杞子、枳椇子、大枣、肉豆蔻、桑叶、菊花、山楂、人参、海甘蓝、阿胶、蜂蜜、麦芽诸原料中有效活性成分经人体吸收后，可促使胃黏膜上形成一层保护层，避免溃疡发生；
（4）具有利尿通便的功效，延缓酒精吸收的同时能够加快体内酒精的排出，并且可以减轻醉酒头痛症状；
（5）经常饮用本发明功能饮料，还可以达到补气养血，生津止渴，降低胆固醇，软化血管，润肺除痰，疏肝理气，清热解毒，护肝保肝等功效。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此,对于未特别注明的工艺参数或条件,可参照常规技术进行。
本发明所涉及的部分原料简介如下：
本发明所述葛根为豆科植物野葛Puerarialobata（Willd.）Ohwi或甘葛藤PuerariathomsoniiBenth.的干燥根。富含异黄酮、木糖甙、大豆黄酮、大豆黄酮甙及β-谷甾醇、花生酸。具有解肌退热，透疹，生津止渴，升阳止泻等功效。
本发明所述枸杞子为茄科植物枸杞LyciumbarbarumL.的干燥成熟果实。含有丰富的枸杞多糖、脂肪、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、牛磺酸、甜菜碱、维生素B1、B2、E、C，特别是类胡萝卜素含量很高。此外，还含有大量的矿物元素，如钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、铜、锰、锌、硒等。具有延缓衰老、耐缺氧作用、调节机体免疫活性等功效。
本发明所述的枳椇子为鼠李科植物枳椇(HoveniadulcisThunb)的带有肉质果柄的果实或种子。含多量葡萄糖、苹果酸钙。具有治酒醉，烦热，口渴，呕吐，二便不利等功效。
本发明所述的大枣为鼠李科枣属植物枣ZiziphusjujubaMill.var.inermis（Bunge）Rehd.的干燥成熟果实。含有机酸、三萜甙类、生物碱类、黄酮类、糖类、维生素类以及谷甾醇、豆甾醇、链甾醇，亦含有cAMP和cGMP。具有提高免疫抑制作用：镇静、催眠和降压作用，有增加白血球内cAMP的作用。
本发明所述的肉豆蔻为肉豆蔻科肉豆蔻属植物肉豆蔻MyristicafragransHoutt.的干燥种仁。主要成分含有蛋白质、糖类及维生素等营养成分，种仁含挥发油，位于外胚乳中，还含有肉豆蔻醚、丁香酚、樟烯和肉豆蔻酸、甘油脂等。具有温中行气，涩肠止泻，开胃消食的功效。
本发明所述桑叶为桑科植物桑MorusalbaL.的干燥叶。主要成分黄酮类、生物碱、植物甾醇、γ-氨基丁酸、桑叶多糖，具有抗凝血作用、降血压作用、降血脂、降胆固醇、抗血栓形成和抗动脉粥样硬化作用作用。
本发明所述菊花为为菊科植物菊ChrysanthemummorifoliumRamat.的干燥头状花序。花含挥发油，并有腺嘌呤、胆碱、水苏碱等，还含菊甙、氨基酸、黄酮类及微量维生素B1。具有散风清热，平肝明目。用于风热感冒，头痛眩晕，目赤肿痛，眼目昏花。
本发明所述山楂为蔷薇科山楂属植物山楂（CrataegusinnatifidaBge.）的干燥成熟果实，含有维生素C、黄酮、三萜类化合物，具消食健胃、行气散瘀、化浊降脂之功效。
本发明所述人参为五加科植物人参PanaxginsengC.A.Mey.的干燥根。成分包括皂苷类、挥发油、有机酸及酯、甾醇及其苷、蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸及腐胺、精胺等其它许多含氮化合物、维生素类、微量元素、木质素、黄酮类、糖类、糖蛋白。具有调节中枢神经系统兴奋过程和抑制过程的平衡，人参可改变机体的反应性，能增强机体对各种有害刺激的反应能力，加强机体适应性。
本发明所述海甘蓝隶于十字花科芸苔属海甘蓝(CRAMBEMARITIMA)的茎叶，是一种深根性多年生草本植物,具有较高的含油量和蛋白质含量,且具有较低的纤维含量。具有促进消化，减少便秘等功效。
本发明所述麦芽为禾本科一年生草本植物大麦HordeumvuigareL.的成熟果实经发芽干燥而成。含淀粉酶，转化糖酶、蛋白质分解酶、维生素B、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、磷脂及微量大麦芽碱等。具有健胃快脾，消积滞，化一切米面食积，尤善通乳。
本发明所述厚叶岩白菜为虎耳科岩白菜属植物厚叶岩白菜（BERGENIACRASSIFOLIA）全草，含总黄酮、多糖、岩白菜素(bergenin)。具有滋补强壮、止咳止血，主治虚弱头晕、劳伤咯血、虚弱头晕、吐血、咯血；淋浊、白带。
本发明所述蜂蜜为购自北京同仁堂蜂业有限公司生产的臻品百花蜂蜜。
本发明所述阿胶购自山东东阿阿胶股份有限公司，品牌名称为东阿阿胶。
实施例1
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）称取葛根1kg，枸杞子5kg，枳椇子1kg，大枣5kg，肉豆蔻0.1kg，桑叶5kg，菊花0.1kg，山楂5kg，人参0.1kg，海甘蓝5kg，阿胶0.1kg，蜂蜜1kg，麦芽0.1kg，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，然后把原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫1min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经14d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干，获得发酵物；
3）往发酵物中加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度119℃，然后冷却至室温，160目过滤，得滤液；
5）往滤液中加入用20倍重量的开水化开的阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜，搅拌均匀，即可。
实施例2
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）称取葛根5kg，枸杞子1kg，枳椇子5kg，大枣0.1kg，肉豆蔻5kg，桑叶0.1kg，菊花5kg，山楂0.1kg，人参5kg，海甘蓝0.1kg，阿胶1kg，蜂蜜0.1kg，麦芽5kg，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，然后原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫5min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经7d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干，获得发酵物；
3）往发酵物中加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度121℃，然后冷却至室温，200目过滤，得滤液；
5）往滤液中加入用10倍重量的开水化开的阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜，搅拌均匀，即可。
实施例3
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）称取葛根3kg，枸杞子3kg，枳椇子3kg，大枣2.5kg，肉豆蔻2.5kg，桑叶2.5kg，菊花2.5kg，山楂2.5kg，人参2.5kg，海甘蓝2.5kg，阿胶0.5kg，蜂蜜0.5kg，麦芽2.5kg，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，然后原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫3min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经10d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干，获得发酵物；
3）往发酵物中加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度120℃，然后冷却至室温，180目过滤，得滤液；
5）往滤液中加入用15倍重量的开水化开的阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜，搅拌均匀，即可。
实施例4
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）称取葛根3kg，枸杞子3kg，枳椇子3kg，大枣2.5kg，肉豆蔻2.5kg，桑叶2.5kg，菊花2.5kg，山楂2.5kg，人参2.5kg，海甘蓝2.5kg，阿胶0.5kg，蜂蜜0.5kg，麦芽2.5kg，厚叶岩白菜根0.1kg，胡枝子5kg，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，然后原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫3min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经10d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干，获得发酵物；
3）往发酵物中加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度120℃，然后冷却至室温，180目过滤，得滤液；
5）往滤液中加入用15倍重量的开水化开的阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜，搅拌均匀，即可。
实施例5
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）称取葛根3kg，枸杞子3kg，枳椇子3kg，大枣2.5kg，肉豆蔻2.5kg，桑叶2.5kg，菊花2.5kg，山楂2.5kg，人参2.5kg，海甘蓝2.5kg，阿胶0.5kg，蜂蜜0.5kg，麦芽2.5kg，厚叶岩白菜根5kg，胡枝子0.1kg，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，然后原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫3min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经10d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干，获得发酵物；
3）往发酵物中加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度120℃，然后冷却至室温，180目过滤，得滤液；
5）往滤液中加入用15倍重量的开水化开的阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜，搅拌均匀，即可。
实施例6
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）称取葛根3kg，枸杞子3kg，枳椇子3kg，大枣2.5kg，肉豆蔻2.5kg，桑叶2.5kg，菊花2.5kg，山楂2.5kg，人参2.5kg，海甘蓝2.5kg，阿胶0.5kg，蜂蜜0.5kg，麦芽2.5kg，厚叶岩白菜根2.5kg，胡枝子2.5kg，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，然后原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫3min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经10d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干，获得发酵物；
3）往发酵物中加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度120℃，然后冷却至室温，180目过滤，得滤液；
5）往滤液中加入用15倍重量的开水化开的阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜搅拌均匀，即可。
对比例1
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）称取葛根3kg，枸杞子3kg，枳椇子3kg，大枣2.5kg，肉豆蔻2.5kg，桑叶2.5kg，菊花2.5kg，山楂2.5kg，人参2.5kg，海甘蓝2.5kg，阿胶0.5kg，蜂蜜0.5kg，麦芽2.5kg，厚叶岩白菜根2.5kg，胡枝子2.5kg，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，加入两倍混合物料重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min，然后压榨取汁；
3）所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度120℃，然后冷却至室温，180目过滤，得滤液；
4）往滤液中加入用15倍重量的开水化开的阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜搅拌均匀，即可。
对比例2
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）称取葛根3kg，枸杞子3kg，枳椇子3kg，大枣2.5kg，肉豆蔻2.5kg，桑叶2.5kg，菊花2.5kg，山楂2.5kg，人参2.5kg，海甘蓝2.5kg，阿胶0.5kg，蜂蜜0.5kg，麦芽2.5kg，厚叶岩白菜根5kg，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，然后原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫3min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经10d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干，获得发酵物；
3）往发酵物中加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度120℃，然后冷却至室温，180目过滤，得滤液；
5）往滤液中加入用15倍重量的开水化开的阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜搅拌均匀，即可。
对比例3
一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）称取葛根3kg，枸杞子3kg，枳椇子3kg，大枣2.5kg，肉豆蔻2.5kg，桑叶2.5kg，菊花2.5kg，山楂2.5kg，人参2.5kg，海甘蓝2.5kg，阿胶0.5kg，蜂蜜0.5kg，麦芽2.5kg，胡枝子5kg，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，然后原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫3min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经10d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干，获得发酵物；
3）往发酵物中加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度120℃，然后冷却至室温，180目过滤，得滤液；
5）往滤液中加入用15倍重量的开水化开的阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜搅拌均匀，即可。
实验1毒理性实验
1.样品
实施例1-6所得解酒护肝的功能饮料。
2.实验动物
SPF级KM小鼠和SD大鼠,购自广东省医学实验动物中心。
3.实验方法与结果
小鼠急毒性半数致死量(LD50)选体重17.1～23.6g健康KM小鼠,雌雄各30只,雌雄分开,随机分为6个剂量组,每组5只,最高剂量组为10.0g/kg体重,剂量间公比为2.15,灌胃前禁食14h,不禁水,样品经口灌胃,观察14d,情况良好,无死亡。根据卫生部食品毒理方法附件LD50霍恩氏法得出LD50值。
结果:雌性小鼠LD50>10.0g/kg体重,雄性小鼠LD50>10.0g/kg体重。
大鼠急毒性半数致死量(LD50)选取187～221g健康SD大鼠,雌雄各30只,雌雄分开,随机分为6个剂量组,每组5只,最高剂量组为10.0g/kg体重,剂量间公比为2.15,灌胃前禁食14h,不禁水,样品经口灌胃,观察14d,情况良好,无死亡。根据卫生部食品毒理方法附件LD50霍恩氏法得出LD50值。
结果:雌性大鼠LD50>10.0g/kg体重,雄性大鼠LD50>10.0g/kg体重。
实验结论:本发明实施例1-6所得解酒护肝的功能饮料对人体是安全的，可以放心饮用。
实验2体外酶活性实验
乙醇在体内代谢最依赖的酶系就是乙醇脱氢酶。乙醇进入肝脏组织后，首先在胞质内经过乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和过氧化小体内的触酶过氧化氢酶(CAT)催化氧化生成乙醛;乙醛在体内经乙醛脱氢酶催化转化为乙酸，生成的乙酸则在细胞线粒体内以乙酰辅酶A的形式，被氧化代谢生成二氧化碳和水以及释放能量。促进乙醇脱氢酶的活性，可以加速乙醇的代谢，防止细胞能量产生途径三羧酸循环的代谢受到影响。
体外酶活性实验是应用瓦勒-霍赫(Valle＆Hoch)法体外测定药物对乙醇脱氢酶的活性影响，共设空白组、对照组和实施例组共8组。测试中各组均为等剂量。乙醇脱氢酶活性测定方法为试管中加入焦磷酸钠缓冲液2.0mL，NAD+1.0mL，52度白酒0.5mL（洋河蓝色经典天之蓝），功能饮料0.1mL混合后，在室温下加盖37℃温育7min后加入乙醇脱氢酶溶液0.2mL，摇匀，紫外分光光度计测吸光度，检测波长为340nm，每10s读数1次，连续测定4min。
不加功能饮料的反应组为空白组，加对比例1所得功能饮料的为对照组，加实施例1-6所得功能饮料的为实施例组。
乙醇脱氢酶活性计算方法为以吸光度A对时间作图，反应过程中计算每10s在340nm的吸光度增加值，根据NADH在340nm处的摩尔消光系数为6.2，计算酶活力。乙醇脱氢酶的活性以单位时间生成NADH的摩尔数表示。结果见表1。
激活率%=（实验组酶活力－空白组酶活力）/空白组酶活力]×100%
表1实施例1-6和对比例1所得功能饮料对乙醇脱氢酶活性的影响
从表1可见，体外酶活性试验结果：解酒护肝的功能饮料的酶反应激活率顺序为实施例6＞实施例5≈实施例4＞实施例3≈实施例2＞实施例1＞对比例1,说明本发明解酒护肝的功能饮料具有解酒护肝功效。由实施例1-6与对比例1对比可知，经过自然发酵处理所得功能饮料，对乙醇脱氢酶活性的激活率更高。
实验3人群测试
人群选择：在长期饮酒人群中选择易头痛者450人，年龄25-51岁，为男性，随机均分为9组。
实验方法：饮酒前后半小时分别服用实施例1-6和对比例1-3制备的解酒护肝的功能饮料100ml，饮酒量与此前头痛时饮酒量相当。观察使用结果，如表2所示。
疗效判定标准：
显效：无头痛症状。
有效：头痛程度减轻，头痛时间变短。
无效：头痛程度没有改变。
表2 志愿者测试记录表
结果：从上表2可知，服用实施例1-6制备的解酒护肝功能饮料后，嗜睡，头晕，头痛，恶心等症状明显减轻，服用实施例1-6制备的解酒护肝功能饮料后，能正常活动，头痛症状消失的分别有35人、39人、40人、45人、46人、49人。由上表2数据可知，本发明解酒护肝功能饮料的有效率超过90%。
由实施例1-6与对比例1对比可知，本发明实施例1-6制备的解酒护肝功能饮料与没有经过自然发酵制备得到的对比例1解酒护肝功能饮料相比，解酒效果更好，可见，采用本发明制备方法得到的解酒护肝的功能饮料，自然发酵是关键步骤。
由实施例4-5与实施例1-3对比可知，厚叶岩白菜根、胡枝子原料合用加入时制备得到的解酒护肝的功能饮料，能极大提升解酒功效。
由对比例2-3与实施例1-3对比可知，厚叶岩白菜根、胡枝子单用加入时制备得到的解酒护肝的功能饮料，提升解酒功效不明显。
据饮用本发明解酒护肝功能饮料的人员反映得知：本发明解酒护肝功能饮料口感柔滑，清甜可口，具有利尿通便的功效，服后一周后，胃镜检查，溃疡消失，胃黏膜与常人无异；还具有补气养血，生津止渴，降低胆固醇，软化血管，润肺除痰，疏肝理气，清热解毒，护肝保肝等功效。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种解酒护肝的功能饮料，其特征在于，主要由如下重量份的原料制备而成：葛根1-5份，枸杞子1-5份，枳椇子1-5份，大枣0.1-5份，肉豆蔻0.1-5份，桑叶0.1-5份，菊花0.1-5份，山楂0.1-5份，人参0.1-5份，海甘蓝0.1-5份，阿胶0.1-1份，蜂蜜0.1-1份，麦芽0.1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功能饮料，其特征在于，主要由如下重量份的原料制备而成：葛根3份，枸杞子3份，枳椇子3份，大枣2.5份，肉豆蔻2.5份，桑叶2.5份，菊花2.5份，山楂2.5份，人参2.5份，海甘蓝2.5份，阿胶0.5份，蜂蜜0.5份，麦芽2.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的功能饮料，其特征在于，还加入如下重量份的原料制备而成：厚叶岩白菜根0.1-5份，胡枝子0.1-5份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的功能饮料，其特征在于，还加入如下重量份的原料制备而成：厚叶岩白菜根2.5份，胡枝子2.5份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的功能饮料，其特征在于，采用如下步骤制备而得：
1）按配方量称取各原料，备用；
2）将除阿胶、蜂蜜以外的称好的原料混合，自然发酵，获得发酵物；
3）将发酵物用水浸润，然后压榨取汁；
4）所得汁液杀菌处理，过滤，获得滤液；
5）往滤液加入阿胶的水溶液、蜂蜜，搅拌均匀，即可。
6.根据权利要求5所述的功能饮料，其特征在于，步骤2）中所述自然发酵为先把发酵原料切碎至小于1cm长，再用开水浇烫1-5min，然后堆积放平，四周用稻草包好，上盖木板，并加重物压平经7-14d闷压发热，即可取出，晒干。
7.根据权利要求5所述的功能饮料，其特征在于，步骤3）中所述浸润为往发酵物加入两倍发酵物重量的去离子水，搅拌混匀，浸润30min。
8.根据权利要求5所述的功能饮料，其特征在于，步骤4）中所述杀菌处理为将步骤3）中所得汁液置密闭不锈钢杀菌釜内升温15分钟后排气1分钟，恒温杀菌6分钟，恒温杀菌温度120±1℃，然后冷却至室温；所述过滤为将冷却至室温后汁液160-200目过滤，得滤液。
9.根据权利要求5所述的功能饮料，其特征在于，步骤5）中所述阿胶的水溶液为将阿胶用10-20倍重量的水化开所得。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的功能饮料，其特征在于，还加入食品添加剂。
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