CN109419007A - 一种液态发酵法制备负离子甲壳素水剂治疗糖尿病的方法 - Google Patents
一种液态发酵法制备负离子甲壳素水剂治疗糖尿病的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
将10%‑35%甲壳素,20%‑30%水,5%‑30%托玛琳、5%‑10%麦饭石、葡甘露聚糖10‑30%、醋5%‑20%经过高温超声特殊型液态离子溶解甲壳素,溶解后的液体富含20多种微量元素,同时产生高浓度负离子,可以用于治疗糖尿病;甲壳素作为宇宙中唯一带正电荷的阳离子动物纤维素,人类不可缺少的第六生命要素,可以打通病人的胰岛腺,重新改善或恢复病人的胰腺功能,PH值在6以上,传统的甲壳素制备方法PH只为3‑4,溶解方式需要乙酸或冰醋酸溶解,人不可直接饮用和吸收,而且损失大量甲壳素,降低治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液态发酵法制备的负离子甲壳素水剂的方法用于治疗糖尿病及其引起的高血压,属于医药化工技术领域。
背景技术
1、人民物质生活水平的提高让一些看似远离的疾病,越来越多地出现在我们周围,糖尿病便是近年来被人们认识并熟知的病症之一。糖尿病人吃得多、喝得多,身体却很消瘦。他们需要忌吃油腻食物,一些患者还需要常年吃药或是注射胰岛素来保持身体机能的正常运转。糖尿病一旦罹患难以根治,严重影响着患者的日常生活。有资料表明,糖尿病发病率与经济发展水平成正比,在经济高速发展的中国,已经出现了1.39亿糖尿病患者,以及4000万糖耐量减退患者,发病率居世界第二。其中,2型糖尿病患者占95%以上,每天增加新患者3000人。中国糖尿病患病率从1%跃升到了9.7%,最新研究表明,中国成年人群中糖尿病前期患病率为50.1%。糖尿病是由于胰岛素分泌绝对或相对不足,以及靶细胞对胰岛素敏感性降低造成糖、蛋白质和脂类代谢障碍,继而发生水、电解质代谢紊乱和酮体酸中毒。它是以高血糖为主要特征的内分泌代谢性疾病。糖尿病是一组以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,高血糖则是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或胰岛素作用障碍(或两者兼而有之)造成的。糖尿病包括一型和二型两种,一型糖尿病病人体内胰岛素完全缺乏,必须依赖外源性胰岛素,若不很好地控制血糖,会出现酮症酸中毒,如不及时抢救则会导致死亡。发病年龄多在30岁以下,更多的是在幼年发病。二型糖尿病发病年龄较大,但近年来该型糖尿病发病有明显年轻化趋势,年轻人患病人群比例明显增加,此型病人血清胰岛素水平可正常或稍低,也可高于正常,口服药物治疗有效,此型病人可长期无糖尿病症状,但病情呈隐匿性进展,常在不知不觉中出现大血管、微血管病变及神经病变等并发症。值得重视的是,二型糖尿病往往没有典型症状,而容易因此被忽略,所以在定期体检或者在某一个症状出现时,就应该及时就诊。糖尿病作为一种常见多发病和现代难治病,给患者造成生活上的不便以及肉体和精神上的痛苦,并发症对健康和生命的威胁,甚至导致残废和早亡。糖尿病并发症容易产生高血压、心脑血管、糖尿病足、眼部病变、肾脏病变、神经病变等多种疾病。其中,冠心病是糖尿病的主要大血管并发症,糖尿病合并冠心病患者高达70%以上。
2、甲壳素又称壳聚糖(chitosan)和几丁聚糖,是由自然界广泛存在的几丁质(chitin)经过脱乙酰作用得到的,化学名称为聚葡萄糖胺(1-4)-2-氨基-B-D葡萄糖。是几丁质经浓碱水脱去乙酰基后生成的水溶性产物,学名为(1,4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡聚糖。是1,4-键接的2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡聚糖,广泛存在于昆虫、甲壳纲动物及真菌细胞壁中。每年地球上由生物合成的甲壳素可达几百亿吨,是自然界中仅次于纤维素的第二大类可再生天然高分子。甲壳素独特的分子结构,赋予其迷人的生物活性。大量研究表明,甲壳素除了具有无毒、良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性等性能外,还具有止血、镇痛、促进伤口愈合、抗菌等特殊性能。甲壳素广泛用于医药卫生、食品、化工、农业、纺织、造纸、印刷等领域,目前制备甲壳素的方法是将蟹壳经脱钙后经KMnO4氧化,水洗后用NaHSO3还原,水洗干燥即得到甲壳素或利用木瓜蛋白酶水解制备甲壳素。
3、甲壳素已经被患有各种疾病的众多消费者所认用。在日本、欧美、中国大陆的部分地区以及香港、中国台湾等被誉之谓"人体环保剂"、"长寿素",被国际和中国医学界均例为人体必需的"第六生命要素"。由于国内"糖尿病"患者的不断增多且无法治愈的情况,特将甲壳素对"糖尿病"的功效或作用单列提述。
4、"糖尿病"是一种血液中的葡萄糖容易堆积过多的疾病。国外给它的别名叫"沉默的杀手"(Silent Killer),特别是"成人型糖尿病",四十岁以上的中年人染患率特别高,四十岁以上的人口中占10%,即十人当中就有一位"糖尿病"患者。一旦患上"糖尿病",将减少寿命十年之多,且可能发生的并发症遍及全身。"糖尿病"本身亦给人带来非常的痛苦。它让人常常觉得口干想喝水,因多尿而半夜多次醒来。尽管已吃了不少食物仍觉饥饿感,体重减轻、嗜睡等等,总让人觉得周身哪处不对劲。等到能够感觉到某处的明显情况时,糖尿病的病情已发展到一定程度了。而可怕的并发症亦随之悄悄地在全身各处发展着。
5、所谓"糖尿病"并发症,可以上至头顶下至足底--忧虑、自律神经失调,神经障碍(手脚麻痹、知觉麻痹),脑血栓、脑梗阻、白内障、蛀牙、口腔炎、支气管炎、皮肤病、心肌梗塞、肺炎、肺结核、肝硬化、生育异常、流产、肾功能不健全、尿毒症、阳痿、外阴道炎、膀胱炎、尿道炎、坏疽、足病变(水虫等)等等。在这些并发症中,出现率最高的是视网膜症、肾病和神经障碍,被称为糖尿病的三大并发症。这三大并发症在"糖尿病"患生后二十年以内,有百分之八十的人一定会得患这些疾病。动脉硬化也包括在里面,这是因为血液中过剩的葡萄糖逐渐腐蚀全身器官及其组织的恶果。一旦患上糖尿病,人体的麻烦随其而至,因为免疫功能减弱,容易感染由感冒、肺炎、肺结核所引起的各种感染疾病,而且不易治愈。并可以选择性地破坏细胞,吞噬细胞。抗癌细胞的防御机能将会大大减弱,至使癌细胞活跃、聚集,导致引发癌病患。引起并发症范围如此广泛的疾病,除了糖尿病之外几乎很少见。因为并发症的关系,故有人说一旦得了糖尿病,寿命至少减去十年。
6、壳聚糖(甲壳素)的特性:利用其形成带正电荷的阳离子基团,如在胃酸中发生反应;可在人体内经酶分解后吸收或直接吸收;对细胞有良好的亲和性;具有很强的吸附性和螯合作用;安全无毒副作用;作用对象不限于特定器官。
7、壳聚糖促进胰岛素的分泌:壳聚糖通过协调脏器功能促进内分泌,实现对胰腺功能的调节。首先是刺激迷走神经,兴奋大脑皮层的饥饿中枢和血管运动中枢,然后使胰腺的血管扩张,增加血液循环量,胰岛素的分泌量增加。改善胰腺的功能,活化胰岛细胞,促进Β细胞分泌胰岛素。
8、壳聚糖可以强化胰岛素的活性:实验证明胰岛素的活性与体液的PH值(酸碱度)密切相关。胰岛素在酸性环境中是没有功能的,只有体液PH值7.4时发挥作用最好。壳聚糖能够提升PH值0.5个单位,从而使胰岛素的活性可明显改善。
9、壳聚糖可以控制餐后高血糖:壳聚糖吸收胃内的水分呈凝胶状与胃内物混合,体积膨胀,扩容效应使胃的排空时间延长,餐后血糖峰值下降时限拖后。维护肝脏机能,保证糖原储备;减缓预防糖尿病的并发症。
10、负离子对糖尿病的作用机理:越来越多的基础及临床研究表明氧化压力(应激)状态与糖尿病的病理改变密切相关。高血糖状况下,因多元醇代谢的亢进,葡萄糖的自身氧化,氧化磷酸化等引起活性氧自由基过量产生,非酶糖化反应使SOD等抗氧化能力降低,引发氧化压力(应激)状态,损伤生物大分子,改变细胞内信息传递,损伤细胞的结构和功能。引发血管内皮细胞的机能障碍,促进血栓形成及LDL的氧化,也通过改变细胞内信息传递,增强MCP-1等付着因子,VEGF等生长因子的表达,引起糖尿病的血管机能障碍。活性氧自由基也通过活化c-Jun激酶,NF-kappaB等,使胰岛素底物(IRS)蛋白磷酸化,加速IRS-1的降解,引起胰岛素抵抗。另外多元醇代谢的亢进引起PKC活化,糖化终末产物增加,蛋白质机能改变,细胞内运输障碍,引发细胞凋亡等,引起糖尿病神经功能障碍。抗氧化治疗已被大量的基础和临床试验证明是糖尿病治疗的有效方法之一。在生物体内,这种抢夺电子的物质被称为“自由基”,从量子医学层次讲,电子被抢夺是万病之源。负氧离子带有负电位,即有多余的电子,电子补充给自由基后,自由基被还原即消除了自由基,而自身转变为氧分子。负离子能直接消除活性氧自由基,抑制脂质的氧化等,也能改善SOD酶活性,调节植物神经系统,改善体内酸性环境,从而增强Na+/H+通道,促进葡萄糖进入细胞,改善细胞内糖代谢等,对糖尿病的治疗非常有益。
11、使用"甲壳素水剂"改善了糖尿病给许多患者带来了健康的希望。"甲壳素水剂"在这些糖尿病患者应用过程中表现出了至关重要的两个目标:(1)血糖值下降。(2)改善引起的并发症、并配合逐渐治愈。
12、"甲壳素水剂"帮助糖尿病患者达到上述两个目标,是由以下三个方面的途径完成的:
1)通过神经系统的刺激达到组织氧的释放。这种多糖体在大量地服用过程中被人体吸收以后,首先通过肠粘膜静脉到达肝脏门静脉系统,强烈地刺激肝脏的迷走神经,依靠完整的神经传导路,通过饥饿中枢,然后再下达,最终使全身副交感神经发生兴奋。人们在饥饿的情况下突然浑身发热,两手发抖。这种状态,在病理上就是组织氧在释放的表现,处于一种应急状态,来应急体内食物不足,一种给氧活动。对于糖尿病人而言,刺激迷走神经,全身副交感神经兴奋,组织氧的释放,带来这么两点好处:
(1) 由于糖尿病"代谢方式出了问题,正常人是分解,把葡萄糖分解成碳水化合物,是有氧分解,来供给人体所需的能量,维持我们的生命活动。而"糖尿病"人则经常处于无氧酶解状态。因此,帮助糖尿病患者在代谢过程中给氧十分重要。改善糖尿病人代谢方式,使其向有氧分解转换。组织氧,尤其是肌细胞的氧,促使氧释放,因为肌细胞含氧量较高。(2)糖尿病人在无氧酵解过程中产生三类物质,一是乳酸,二是酮类,三是自由基,而造成糖尿病人酮症酸中毒。在给氧的情况下,让有机酸在形成的过程中获氧,使它过多地向碳酸去转换,形成碳酸以后,就容易分解成二氧化碳和水,水被细胞利用,二氧化碳随着静脉进入肺循环。它的代谢很简单,尽量使这两种物质(乳酸和酮类)产生的量减少,这是组织氧释放的作用。
2)纠正酸中毒。这种酸中毒不是医学上一般酸中毒的概念,日本专家在研究甲壳素水剂对于"糖尿病"的过程中发现了胰岛的环境问题,胰岛在正常生理环境下,其酸碱度(P H值)应在弱碱(7.35-7.45)状态下,胰岛才处于正常功能,而"糖尿病"人的发病原因就是胰岛分泌绝对不足或相对不足造成糖代谢的功能下降。因为血液的P H值受血红素的调控,血液中有很多化学上的缓冲对,在人体的内环境,细胞外液进行的酸碱度的改变极其困难。目前为止,唯有"甲壳素水剂"这种多糖体以游离状态存在,其官能团在没有使用情况下,仍具有活性,进入胰岛周围产生作用,这种"甲壳素水剂"之物质具有两个电荷,它可能发生以下几种情况:一种是和有机酸直接结合,更多的是让体液中的水分子发生改变,使它夺去一个正电荷,氢氧根离子浓度明显加强,成碱性改变。因为它要溶解于酸,要夺去一个氢离子(R-NH2+H++OH),则用这种方法使胰岛周围的环境改善,恢复到弱碱状态,从而增强了胰岛功能,分泌的胰岛素就多了,糖代谢就改善了。
3)对受伤的β细胞进行修复。当然不可能全部修复,只是对一般的糖尿病人,细胞还没过多地减少,细胞处于水肿状态下,若细胞全部都死亡了,成了全胰岛依赖型了,就极其困难了。因此首选保健食品"甲壳素水剂"。
4)在众多糖尿病人使用"甲壳素"的过程中发现一个问题,有的糖尿病人非常敏感,用了之后尿糖消失,血糖下降。糖尿病人在纠正尿糖高的饥饿过程中要消除体内乳酸,乳酸再转换成葡萄糖,在转换成葡萄糖后一部分就被有氧分解掉了,更多的增加血糖后通过小便排出。实际上,这时的血糖、尿糖增高,是乳酸转换的葡萄糖,而不是体内营养变成糖,或者蛋白质参与糖异生变成的糖。
5)由于化验的检测手段仍处于简单方式的情况下,对于氨基多糖体结构和葡萄糖的结构很相似,唯一的差别是在第二个碳元素上挂一个氨基,另一个挂羟基,所以它误认为是糖,这种物质是一个游离体,游离到血液里,血糖就高,到了小便里则以为尿糖很高。出现这种情况,不必担心,这种升高如前所述,是体内乳酸转换为糖,或者这种物质和糖很相似,误以为是葡萄糖,所以"糖尿病人"可以安心使用,不用惊慌。
6)糖尿病从医学上无法治愈,至少目前从医药角度而言仍不能有效治愈。而从甲壳素水剂的发明作为保健食品,没有任何副作用。
发明内容
将10%-30%甲壳素,30%-50%水,5%-30%托玛琳、5%-10%麦饭石、葡甘露聚糖10-30%、醋5%-10%,原材料纳米化,经过高温超声特殊型液态离子溶解甲壳素,溶解后的甲壳素水剂可以用于治疗糖尿病,可以打通病人的胰岛腺,重新改善或恢复病人的胰腺功能,PH值在6以上。传统的甲壳素制备方法PH只为3-4。溶解方式需要乙酸或冰醋酸溶解,人不可直接饮用和吸收,市场上大多数是胶囊形式,很少见到水剂,传统方式对甲壳素的提取提取率低,保健效果不明显。
1、甲壳素是一种带正电荷的动物性纤维,在胃酸及有关酶的作用下,能溶解和吸附体内多余的糖分并排出体外。动物实验证明,甲壳素降低血糖和尿糖的作用,要比植物纤维显著得多。
2、甲壳素呈碱性,服用后能使体液PH值上升,改变酸性体质,增强细胞活性和对胰岛素的敏感性。实验证明,血液的PH值每下降0.1,胰岛素的活性便降低30%。故服用甲壳素有利于改善糖尿病患者的病情和调节其机体的酸碱平衡。
3、甲壳素具有调节内分泌系统的功能,能促进胰岛β细胞功能恢复,通过其双向调节作用,使胰岛素分泌量趋向正常,以维持血糖的正常代谢。
4、糖尿病患者的餐后血糖一般较难控制,而餐后持续高血糖往往会加重胰岛β细胞的负担,随着时间的延长便会损害其正常功能。服用甲壳素后,在胃酸的作用下可以将其溶解并呈现胶态,容积增加,延长胃中食物排空时间,并延缓与减少小肠对糖分的吸收,从而可以降低餐后高血糖,减轻对胰岛素分泌的刺激和β细胞的负担,保护其恢复正常功能。
5、甲壳素水剂的服用方法为:开始服用量每日150-450克,分两次于餐前20分钟口服,连用一周。倘若不发生重度调整反应(好转反应),可增加剂量至每日30~50克,分2~3次口服。甲壳素可加入不放糖的豆浆或牛奶中冲服,以利于溶解吸收,也可直接用温开水送服。需要注意的是,甲壳素水剂不是药品,而是纯天然的功能性保健食品,因此,糖尿病患者初期服用时不要把正在使用的降糖药全部停用,可在使用的过程中,根据病情好转情况,逐渐减少降糖药的用量。此外,服用甲壳素后血压会趋于正常,降糖效果温和而缓慢,部分病人服用后血糖、尿糖可能不会很快明显下降,甚至会比服用前稍有增高,这种情况可能为机体的一种调整反应。所以,患者不用担心,可以继续服用。
6、具体实施方式:
1)一种液态发酵法制备的负离子甲壳素水剂的方法,包括以下的步骤:托玛琳纳米化处理制备成水剂,并将甲壳素和麦饭石原料分别纳米化处理后,送入反应釜;200-300度高温、3-5Mpa高压持续24小时,之后加入葡甘露聚糖和醋进入反应釜,再经过高温高压持续24小时。
2)制备出的液体,降温后生成无色透明、PH6.0的甲壳素水剂。
3)制备的甲壳素水剂富含20多种微量元素,负离子浓度2400以上。
Claims (7)
1.将10%-35%甲壳素,20%-30%水,5%-30%托玛琳、5%-10%麦饭石、葡甘露聚糖10-30%、醋5%-20%经过高温超声特殊型液态离子溶解甲壳素,溶解后的液体富含20多种微量元素,同时产生高浓度负离子,可以用于治疗糖尿病。
2.壳聚糖(甲壳素)的特性:甲壳素作为宇宙中唯一带正电荷的阳离子动物纤维素,人类不可缺少的第六生命要素,可以打通病人的胰岛腺,重新改善或恢复病人的胰腺功能,利用其形成带正电荷的阳离子基团,如在胃酸中发生反应;可在人体内经酶分解后吸收或直接吸收;对细胞有良好的亲和性;具有很强的吸附性和螯合作用;安全无毒副作用;作用对象不限于特定器官。
3.甲壳素水剂PH值在6以上,传统的甲壳素制备方法PH只为3-4,溶解方式需要乙酸或冰醋酸溶解,人不可直接饮用和吸收,而且损失大量甲壳素,降低治疗效果;实验证明胰岛素的活性与体液的PH值(酸碱度)密切相关;胰岛素在酸性环境中是没有功能的,只有体液PH值7.4时发挥作用最好;壳聚糖能够提升PH值0.5个单位,从而使胰岛素的活性可明显改善。
4.负离子对糖尿病的作用机理:负氧离子带有负电位,即有多余的电子,电子补充给自由基后,自由基被还原即消除了自由基,而自身转变为氧分子。
5.负离子能直接消除活性氧自由基,抑制脂质的氧化等,也能改善SOD酶活性,调节植物神经系统,改善体内酸性环境,从而增强Na+/H+通道,促进葡萄糖进入细胞,改善细胞内糖代谢等,对糖尿病的治疗非常有益。
6.纠正酸中毒,这种酸中毒不是医学上一般酸中毒的概念,日本专家在研究甲壳素水剂对于"糖尿病"的过程中发现了胰岛的环境问题,胰岛在正常生理环境下,其酸碱度(P H值)应在弱碱(7.35-7.45)状态下,胰岛才处于正常功能,而"糖尿病"人的发病原因就是胰岛分泌绝对不足或相对不足造成糖代谢的功能下降;因为血液的P H值受血红素的调控,血液中有很多化学上的缓冲对,在人体的内环境,细胞外液进行的酸碱度的改变极其困难;目前为止,唯有"甲壳素水剂"这种多糖体以游离状态存在,其官能团在没有使用情况下,仍具有活性,进入胰岛周围产生作用,这种"甲壳素水剂"之物质具有两个电荷,它可能发生以下几种情况:一种是和有机酸直接结合,更多的是让体液中的水分子发生改变,使它夺去一个正电荷,氢氧根离子浓度明显加强,成碱性改变;因为它要溶解于酸,要夺去一个氢离子(R-NH2+H++OH),则用这种方法使胰岛周围的环境改善,恢复到弱碱状态,从而增强了胰岛功能,分泌的胰岛素就多了,糖代谢就改善了。
7.甲壳素水剂制备方式:具体实施方式:
1)一种液态发酵法制备的负离子甲壳素水剂的方法,包括以下的步骤:托玛琳纳米化处理制备成水剂,并将甲壳素和麦饭石原料分别纳米化处理后,送入反应釜;200-300度高温、3-5Mpa高压持续24小时,之后加入葡甘露聚糖和醋进入反应釜,再经过高温高压持续24小时;
2)制备出的液体,降温后生成无色透明、PH6.0的甲壳素水剂;
3)制备的甲壳素水剂富含20多种微量元素,负离子浓度2400以上。
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