CN109418267B - Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物在防治植物病虫害中的应用 - Google Patents
Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物在防治植物病虫害中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及Nortopsentin类生物碱在防治病虫害中的应用,属于农业防护技术领域。
背景技术
海洋是人类物质资源的天然宝库,已知海洋生物的物种总数占地球生物的80%以上(J Antibiot(Tokyo),1994,47,1425-1433),目前从海绵、海兔、海鞘、海藻、鲨鱼、珊瑚等海洋生物中分离获得7000余种海洋天然产物,新发现的化合物还在以加速度递增。在已发现的化合物中包括萜类、多肽、甾体类、聚醚类、生物碱、大环内酯类、多糖等化合物,约50%具有各种生物活性,超过0.1%的化合物结构新颖,活性显著,极有可能开发成药(Chem.Rev. 2015,115,9655-9706)。因此,从海洋天然产物中寻找新型活性药物先导已成为当今研究的热点。
Nortopsentin类生物碱是一类含有双吲哚结构骨架的天然生物碱,广泛存在于海洋动物海绵中。自1991年,Nortopsentin类生物碱Nortopsentin A(1),Nortopsentin B(2)和Nortopsentin C(3)被首次分离报道以来,目前已有4个该类生物碱被分离并确定结构(图1)。
1991年,美国海港分支海洋学研究所的Sun研究小组从加勒比海深水海绵Spongosorites ruetzleri中分离到三种新双吲哚类生物碱Nortopsentins A-C(1-3)。Nortopsentins A-C(1-3)能抑制P388细胞的生长,其IC50值分别为7.6,7.8,1.7μg/mL。Nortopsentins A-C(1-3)同时具有抑制真菌C.albicans的生长活性(MIC值分别为3.1,6.2,12.5μg/mL),而且也具有抗炎活性 (Chem.Lett.,1985,14(2):249-252.)。以Nortopsentins A-C(1-3)为原料经过常压氢化还可制得 Nortopsentin衍生物Nortopsentin D(4)(J.Org.Chem.1991,56,4304-4307.)。
1994年,日本京都药科大学的Ohta研究小组,以pb0催化的Suzuki反应为关键步骤实现了Nortopsentin D(4)的合成。该路线收率中等,但原料制备非常麻烦(反应式一)。首先三溴咪唑衍生物5在pb0的催化下与硼酸化合物6偶联得7,再与另一分子硼酸化合物6偶联得双吲哚化合物8,最后经脱保护得Nortopsentin D(4)(J.Chem.SOC.,Chem.Commun.1994,18, 2085-2086.)。通过改变原料的取代基,应用同样的方法该小组还实现了生物碱Nortopsentins A-C(1-3)的合成(反应式一),但由于该反应的选择性较差,反应收率都比较低(Chem.Pharm. Bull.1996,44,1831-1839.)。
1996年,美国先灵葆雅研究所的Coval研究小组从发现Nortotopsentin A-C(1-3)具有很好的绑定α-1肾上腺素受体能力(表1)(Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.1996,6,2103-2106.)。
表1.生物碱1-3的α-1Ki值
2000年,美国俄勒冈州立大学Horne研究小组完成了生物碱Nortopsentins B(2)和D(4) 的简易合成。3-氰基吲哚(10)与3-氨乙酰基吲哚醋酸盐(9)在加热条件下合环以65%的收率制得Nortopsentin D(4)。3-氰基吲哚(10)先经溴化再与3-氨乙酰基吲哚醋酸盐(9)在加热条件下合环以两步30%的收率制得Nortopsentin B(2)(反应式二)(Org.Lett.2000,2,2121-2123.)。
2001年,西班牙穆尔西亚大学的Fresneda研究小组发展了一种利用微波促进的选择性合成2,4-二取代咪唑的方法,并将其运用到Nortopsentin D的合成(反应式三)。无论是从收率或是合成路线长短方面,此方法都有很大的改进,但是操作过程极为繁琐,不易重复(Synlett, 2001,02,0218-0221.)。
2013年,美国中佛罗里达大学Chakrabarti研究小组首次发现生物碱Nortopsentin A(1)具有很好的杀疟原虫活性。对多重耐药株Dd2及敏感株3D7的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为580nM 和460nM(Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.2013,57,2362-2364.)。
2014年,美国默克研究小组Tan Jiajing发展了一种Pd催化的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应,并将此方法运用到Nortopsentin D的全合成上(反应式四)。以未保护的2,4-二溴咪唑(15)为原料,与N-Boc-吲哚-3-硼酸(16)在Pd(OAc)2的催化下发生偶联反应,随后脱去Boc 保护基,得到Nortopsentin D(J.Org.Chem.2014,79,8871-8876.)。
由于Nortopsentin类生物碱天然含量较低,且合成较为困难,生物活性研究还不够深入,主要集中在抗癌活性方面,在抗病毒和杀菌方面的研究还处于初级阶段,在抗植物病毒和病菌中的应用还没有报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物在抗植物病毒和病菌以及杀虫中的应用。本专利的Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物具有很好的抗植物病毒和病菌活性以及杀虫活性。
本发明的Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物是如图2所示结构的化合物I,包括Ia,Ib 和Ic所示的化合物,具体是化合物Ia-1-Ia-8,Ib-1-Ib-8,Ic-1和Ic-2。
上式中Ia按照反应式五的方法制备:以吲哚为原料,首先对吲哚17的NH进行保护后得18,将吲哚3位进行乙酰化得到甲基酮类化合物19,接着对其α位进行溴化得到关键中间体α-溴代酮20。以吲哚为原料,与氯磺酰异氰酸酯低温下反应制备3-氰基吲哚21。以3-氰基吲哚为原料,首先对吲哚的NH进行保护得22,接着与盐酸羟胺反应得到胺肟类化合物23,随后在金属Ni的作用下,用氢气将肟还原为亚胺得到脒类化合物24,中间体20与24在KHCO3作用下缩合,得到Nortopsentins生物碱衍生物Ia1-Ia4,脱去保护基后即得Nortopsentins生物碱(Ia5-Ia8)Nortopsentin A(1)、Nortopsentin B(2)和NortopsentinC(3)其类似物Nortopsentin D(4)。
本发明的Nortopsentin类生物碱类似物Ib按照反应式六所示的方法制备:氰基吲哚与 NaSH在MgCl2·6H2O的作用下反应得到硫代酰胺中间体25,与中间体20在乙醇中加热回流得到化合物Ib1-Ib4,随后氢氧化钠脱去保护基即得双吲哚噻唑类衍生物Ib5-Ib8。
Nortopsentin类生物碱衍生物Ic按照反应式七所示的方法制备:取代吲哚17与草酰氯反应得26,然后将酰氯胺化后得27,脱水得到中间体27,然后将中间体27的酰腈基还原得到α-氨基酮结构,即关键中间体28,随后与中间体27在碱的作用下发生亲核取代反应得到中间体29,而后POCl3脱水关环即得Ic1-Ic2。
本发明的Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物表现出很好的抗植物病毒和病菌活性,能很好地抑制烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和黄瓜枯萎,花生褐斑,苹果轮纹,小麦纹枯,玉米小斑,西瓜炭疽,水稻恶苗,番茄早疫,小麦赤霉,马铃薯晚疫,辣椒疫霉,油菜菌核,黄瓜灰霉,水稻纹枯14种植物病菌,同时还表现出良好的杀虫活性。
附图说明:
图1目前确定结构的4个Nortopsentin类生物碱。
图2 Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物,包括Ia,Ib和Ic所示的化合物,具体是化合物 Ia-1-Ia-8,Ib-1-Ib-8,Ic-1和Ic-2。
具体实施方式
下述的实施例和生测试验结果可用来进一步说明本发明,但不意味着限制本发明。
实施例1:Nortopsentin类生物碱双吲哚类衍生物结构Ia的合成
18-1:于500mL单口瓶,依次加入吲哚(3.51g,30mmol),150mL乙腈,冰浴下加入60%NaH(1.44g,42mmol),搅拌约10min,分批加入对甲苯磺酰氯(6.27g,33mmol),加毕,恢复室温反应。TLC监测反应,约4h反应完。用饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,脱溶,得棕色固体8.06g,收率99%,熔点:76-78℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ7.99(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.52(d,J=7.6Hz, 1H),7.36-7.27(m,1H),7.24-7.18(m,3H),6.65(d,J=3.6Hz,1H).
18-2:操作同18-1,得棕色固体,收率99%,熔点:131-132℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ8.17(s,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.53(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.33(dd, J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.61(d,J=3.6Hz,1H).
19-1:取500mL单口瓶,冰浴条件下,将AlCl3(39.39g,300mmol)溶于DCM中,在此条件下缓慢滴加乙酸酐(14.03mL,150mmol),室温下搅拌15min,滴加化合物18-1(13.55 g,50mmol),滴毕,恢复室温反应。TLC监测反应,约2h后反应完毕,将反应液倾入冰水中,有絮状物生成,且溶液呈乳浊状,静置,抽滤,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,脱溶,红棕色固体15.55g,收率99%,熔点:143-145℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)68.33(dd,J= 6.8,1.6Hz,1H),8.21(s,1H),7.93(dd,J=7.0,1.6Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.41-7.31(m, 2H),7.29(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.26(s,1H),2.58(s,3H),2.37(s,3H).
19-2:操作同19-1,得棕色固体,收率96%,熔点:159-160℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ8.19(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.16(s,1H),8.10(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.45(dd, J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.56(s,3H),2.40(s,3H).
20-1:将19-1(4.70g,15mmol)溶于100mL乙酸乙酯,分批加入CuBr2(6.62g,20mmol) 固体,加毕,加热回流,TLC监测,反应完毕后,加水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析分离。得土黄色固体5.23g,收率89%。熔点:118-119℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ8.35(s,1H),8.30(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=8.0Hz,2H), 7.45-7.33(m,2H),7.30(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.36(s,2H),2.38(s,3H).
20-2:操作同20-1,得棕色固体,收率76%,熔点:162-163℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ8.30(s,1H),8.16(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.11(s,1H),7.84(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=8.4Hz, 1H),7.34(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.33(s,2H),2.40(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ186.8, 146.6,135.4,134.0,133.0,130.6,128.6,127.2,126.4,124.3,120.0,117.8,116.3,31.1,21.7.
21-2:于500mL四口瓶中,加入6-溴吲哚(19.4g,100mmol),DMF 100mL,抽换气后,-50℃条件下,Ar气保护下滴加氯磺酰胺异氰酸酯(10.4mL,12mmol),滴加完毕后,温度升至-10℃,在此温度下反应1.5小时后移至室温下反应,TLC监测,反应完全后,将其倾入冰水浴中,室温下静止,抽滤得土黄色固体(尽量抽干,然后移至红外灯下晾干)21.84 g,收率99%,熔点:189-190℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ2.33(s,1H),12.33(s,1H), 8.29(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.38(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz, 1H).
22-1:操作同18-1,得浅棕色固体,收率99%,熔点:159-160℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(s,1H),8.00(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.69(d,J=8.0Hz,1H), 7.44(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.37(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.30(d,J=8.4Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz, CDCl3)δ146.4,134.1,133.7,133.2,130.4,128.4,127.3,126.6,124.8,120.3,113.8,113.5,93.7, 21.7.
22-1:操作同18-1,得棕色固体,收率98%,熔点:171-172℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ8.18(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.06(s,1H),7.83(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.50(dd, J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.41(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)6146.8, 134.3,133.8,133.5,130.6,128.3,127.3,127.2,121.4,120.4,116.9,113.0,93.7,21.8.
23-1:取250mL单口瓶,加入NH2OH·HCl(2.07g,30mmol),加入MeOH 100mL,搅拌下加入NaHCO3(2.52g,30mmol),搅拌30min后,分批加入22-1(4.44g,15mmol),加热回流,TLC检测,反应5h,反应完全后,脱溶,加水析出固体,抽滤得4.79g土黄色粉末,收率97%,熔点:186-188℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.75(s,1H),8.31(s,1H),8.15(d, J=8,0Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8,0Hz,2H),7.88(d,J=8,0Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=8,0Hz,2H), 7.39-7.32(m,1H),7.27(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.91(s,2H),2.32(s,3H).1H).13C NMR(100MHz, DMSO-d6)δ147.8,146.2,135.0,134.3,130.8,128.0,127.2,125.8,125.6,124.2,123.9,116.7, 113.5,21.5.
23-2:操作同23-1,得土黄色粉末,收率99%。熔点:178-179℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.81(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),8.12(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.07(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.91(d,J =8.0Hz,2H),7.49(dd,J=8.4,1.2Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.97(s,2H),2.33(s,3H). 13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ147.0,146.0,135.1,133.6,130.5,126.9,126.7,126.6,125.8, 125.2,117.8,116.0,115.4,21.0.
24-1:取100mL四口瓶,加入化合物23-1(0.99g,3mmol),加入MeOH 40mL,加入湿重镍0.5g,氢气气氛下室温搅拌12h,反应完全后脱溶,加水,用2N NaOH中和至中性,抽滤得白色固体。收率92%,熔点:184-185℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.46(s,1H),8.27-8.13(m,1H),8.05-7.88(m,3H),7.62(s,2H),7.45-7.36(m,4H),7.32(t,J=7.6Hz,1H), 2.31(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ146.4,134.6,134.1,130.9,130.8,128.6,128.3, 127.5,125.7,124.3,123.2,117.1,113.4,21.5.
24-2:操作同24-1,得白色固体。收率92%,熔点:196-197℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.36(s,1H),8.51(s,1H),8.06-7.95(m,1H),7.92(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.50-7.40(m, 1H),7.37(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),2.33(s,1H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ159.6,146.3,133.9, 133.4,130.4,129.67,127.2,126.6,125.7,124.2,121.7,113.6,113.2,21.0.
Ia-1:取100mL四口瓶,加入化合物24-1(0.94g,3mmol),加入KHCO3(0.90g,9mmol)加入THF-H2O=3∶1溶液40mL,回流状态下滴加溴代酮化合物20-1(1.17g,3mmol)的THF 溶液10mL,反应4h,TLC监测,反应完全后,冷却至室温,加水,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,脱溶,柱层析分离(PE∶EA=3∶1)得淡黄色固体1.02g,收率56%,熔点: 163-164℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6+1%TFA)δ8.60(s,1H),8.51(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),8.32 (s,1H),8.19(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.10-7.99(m,3H),7.91(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.88(d,J=6.8Hz, 2H),7.54-7.35(m,5H),7.33(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=4.8Hz,2H),2.23(s,3H),2.20(s,3H). 13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6+1%TFA)δ146.3,146.0,140.7,135.2,134.9,134.3,134.1,130.8,130.7,128.3,127.9,127.3,127.2,126.2,125.8,124.6,124.4,123.0,122.8,121.9,113.9,113.7, 21.4,21.4.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C33H27N4O4S2[M+H]+607.1468,found(ESI+)607.1464.
Ia-2:操作同Ia-1,得淡黄色固体,收率66%,熔点:269℃分解。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6+1%TFA)δ8.57(s,1H),8.43(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.26(s,1H),8.22-8.11(m,2H),8.08-8.00(m,2H),7.97(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.91(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.66(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.52-7.43(m,3H),7.41(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.34(s,3H),2.30(s,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6+1%TFA)δ146.72,146.03,140.14,135.50,135.13,134.36,133.94, 131.03,130.70,128.2,127.8,127.3,127.2,127.0,126.3,125.8,124.6,124.4,123.0,121.8,119.0, 116.2,113.9,112.1,21.5,21.4.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd forC33H26BrN4O4S2[M+H]+685.0573,found (ESI+)685.0580.
Ia-3:操作同Ia-1,得淡黄色固体,收率67%,熔点:197-198℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6+1%TFA)δ8.56(s,1H),8.45(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),8.31(s,1H),8.19(s,1H),8.13(d,J= 7.2Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.96-7.81(m,4H),7.56(d,J=8.0Hz,1H), 7.53-7.41(m,3H),7.41-7.31(m,4H),2.29(s,6H).13C NMR(100M[Hz,DMSO-d6+1%TFA)δ 146.3,140.5,135.8,134.8,134.2,134.1,130.6,130.5,127.6,127.3,127.2,127.0,126.0,125.8, 124.4,123.5,123.3,122.5,118.5,116.3,113.59,21.0.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C33H26BrN4O4S2 [M+H]+685.0573,found(ESI+)685.0572
Ia-4:操作同Ia-1,得淡黄色固体,收率59%,熔点:293-294℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6+1%TFA)δ8.52(s,1H),8.44(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.25(s,1H),8.19-8.09(m,3H),7.96 (d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.94-7.88(m,3H),7.61(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.55(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H), 7.42(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.37(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.30(s,3H),2.27(s,3H).13CNMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6+1%TFA)δ146.7,146.4,140.4,135.8,135.5,134.1,133.9,131.1,130.9,127.9,127.5, 127.4,127.3,127.2,127.1,125.7,124.7,123.8,123.3,118.9,118.5,116.3,116.1,21.5,21.5. HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C33H25Br2N4O4S2[M+H]+762.9678,found(ESI+)762.9683.
Ia-5:在100mL四口瓶中加入钠(0.21g,9.0mmol),加入萘(0.96g,7.5mmol),加入干燥的20mL四氢呋喃,室温搅拌约2h,带溶液完全成为墨绿色时,降温至-78℃,在此温度下滴加化合物Ia-1的THF溶液,反应约2h,TLC监测,待反应完全后,移至室温,待恢复室温后加水,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,脱溶,柱层析分离(DCM∶MeOH=20∶1),得深红色固体0.36g,收率80%,熔点:155-157℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.21-8.13 (m,1H),7.86(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.78(s,1H),7.69(s,1H),7.48-7.39(m,2H),7.37(s,1H), 7.23-7.11(m,4H),5.17(s,5H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ143.3,136.9,136.7,131.1,125.1, 124.9,124.1,122.1,121.8,121.6,120.0,119.8,119.4,119.2,116.2,111.4,111.3,107.7,106.2. HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C19H15N4[M+H]+299.1291,found(ESI+)299.1293.
Ia-6:操作同Ia-5,二氯甲烷重结晶,得紫色固体,收率97%,熔点:224-225℃。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.20(s,1H),11.48(s,1H),11.20(s,1H),8.41(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.07-7.90(m,2H),7.74(s,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.51-7.37(m,2H),7.28(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.19-7.06(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ142.1,137.1,136.4,124.7,124.0,124.0,123.1,122.5,121.8,121.3,120.0,119.1,114.6,114.2,111.6,107.7.HR-MS(ESI):Calcdfor C19H14BrN4[M+H]+377.0496,found(ESI+)377.0395.
Ia-7:操作同Ia-5,二氯甲烷重结晶,得紫色固体,收率79%,熔点:170-171℃。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.28(s,1H),11.39(s,1H),11.33(s,1H),8.42(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.93(s,1H),7.77(s,1H),7.62(s,1H),7.50-7.39(m,2H),7.23(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),7.20-7.12(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ142.6,137.6,136.8,129.7,125.7, 124.4,123.8,123.4,122.7,122.5,120.5,120.4,119.2,115.2,114.4,114.2,111.6,106.2,103.3. HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C19H14BrN4[M+H]+377.0396,found(ESI+)377.0394.
Ia-8:操作同Ia-5,二氯甲烷重结晶后得紫色固体,收率68%,熔点:166-167℃。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.19(s,1H),11.49(s,1H),11.33(s,1H),8.41(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.94(s,1H),7.76(s,1H),7.64(d,J=13.6Hz,2H),7.44(s,1H),7.29(d, J=8.4Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=8.0Hz,1H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ143.6,139.0,138.8, 131.6,127.0,125.2,124.8,124.7,124.3,124.0,122.3,121.8,117.0,116.5,116.4,115.7,115.5, 108.3,106.2.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C19H13Br2N4[M+H]+454.9501,found(ESI+)454.9493.
实施例2:Nortopsentin类生物碱双吲哚类衍生物结构Ib的合成
25-1:取250mL单口瓶,将70%NaSH(1.60g,20mmol)溶于20mL DMF中,加入MgCl2·6H2O(2.03g,10mmol),搅拌下分批加入3-氰基吲哚(1.42g,10mmol)TLC监测,室温下搅拌约90min反应完。将绿色悬浊液倾入100mL水中,硅藻土助滤后,加入1N HCl直到无固体析出,加入乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,脱溶后得黄色固体1.57g,收率89%,熔点:141-142℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.78(s,1H),8.96(s,1H),8.82(s,1H), 8.71-8.54(m,1H),8.09(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),7.49-7.40(m,1H),7.21-7.09(m,2H).13C NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ193.6,136.8,128.0,1259,122.0,121.8,120.7,116.3,111.9.
25-2:操作同25-1,黄色固体,收率87%,熔点:195-197℃。1H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ11.87(s,1H),9.05(s,1H),8.92(s,1H),8.60(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.28(dd,J=8.8,2.0Hz,1H).
Ib-1:分别将20-1(0.39g,1mmol)化合物和化合物25-1(0.18g,1mmol)溶于30mL无水乙醇中,加热回流,TLC监测,约30min反应完,直接抽滤,得黄色固体0.40g,收率97%,熔点:246-248℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.87(s,1H),8.38(s,1H),8.36(d,J=7.2 Hz,1H),8.31-8.26(m,1H),8.23(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.05(s,1H),8.03(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.54(dd,J=5.2,3.6Hz,1H),7.45(m,2H),7.40(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.30-7.24(m,2H),2.30(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.3,147.5,146.2,137.1,135.2,134.4,130.8,128.5,127.5,127.3,125.7,124.9,124.7,124.5,122.9,122.,121.4,120.5, 118.3,113.9,112.81,111.88,110.7,21.5.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C26H20N3O2S2[M+H]+470.0991, found(ESI+)470.1000.
Ib-2:操作同Ib-1,橙黄色粉末,收率96%,熔点:192-194℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.97(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),8.33(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),826(s,1H),8.24(d,J=8.0Hz, 2H),8.06(s,1H),8.03(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.73(s,1H),7.48-7.37(m, 5H),7.39(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.31(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.7,147.7,146.2, 138.0,135.2,134.3,130.8,128.4,127.3,125.7,125.0,124.5,124.3,123.8,122.4,122.2,118.3, 115.6,115.4,113.9,112.3,111.0,21.5.HR-MS(ESI):Calcdfor C26H19BrN3O2S2[M+H]+548.0097, found(ESI+)548.0086.
Ib-3:操作同Ib-1,橙黄色粉末,收率84%,熔点:236-237℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.87(s,1H),8.44(s,1H),8.36(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.28-8.23(m,1H),8.23(d,J= 2.8Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.06(s,1H),7.99(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.61(dd,J=8.4,1.6 Hz,1H),7.56-7.52(m,1H),7.44(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.31-7.22(m,2H),2.33(s,3H).13C NMR (100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.4,147.1,146.5,137.1,135.8,134.1,131.0,127.7,127.6,127.4,125.5, 124.7,124.3,122.9,121.4,120.5,118.5,118.1,116.2,112.8,112.3,110.7,21.5.HR-MS(ESI): Calcd for C26H19BrN3O2S2[M+H]+548.0097,found(ESI+)548.0093.
Ib-4:操作同Ib-1,黄色粉末,收率85%,熔点:223-224℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6) δ11.96(s,1H),8.43(s,1H),8.32(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.24(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.21(d,J=8.4Hz, 1H),8.15(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.07(s,1H),7.99(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.72(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.61 (dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.41(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),2.33(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.9,147.3,146.6,137.9,135.8,134.1,131.0,128.4,127.6,127.4,125.5,124.4,124.2,123.7,122.4,118.5,118.1,116.2,115.6,115.3,112.6,110.9,21.5.HR-MS (ESI):Calcd for C26H18Br2N3O2S2[M+H]+625.9202,found(ESI+)625.9178.
Ib-5:在100mL单口瓶加入Ib-1(0.23g,0.5mmol)加入MeOH 20mL,2N NaOH水溶液5mL,加热回流,90min反应完全后,冷却至室温,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠洗涤,脱溶后得土黄色固体0.15g,收率88%,熔点:282-283℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 11.81(s,1H),11.46(s,1H),8.4-8.30(m,1H),8.22(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.14(d,J=2.0Hz,1H), 8.00(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.60(s,1H),7.54-7.50(m,1H),7.49(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.25(dd,J= 5.6,3.2Hz,2H),7.22-7.11(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.2,151.0,137.1, 137.1,126.8,125.3,125.2,124.9,122.8,122.0,121.2,120.9,120.6,120.1,112.7,112.4,111.8, 111.3,106.4.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C19H14N3S[M+H]+316.0903,found(ESI+)316.0909.
Ib-6:操作同Ib-5,得淡绿色粉末,收率76%。熔点:258-260℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.87(s,1H),11.42(s,1H),8.35(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.21-8.18(m,2H),8.01(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.71(s,1H),7.62(s,1H),7.49(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.27-7.12(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ161.7,151.1,137.9,137.1,127.8,125.4,125.1,124.1,123.9,122.8,122.0,120.6,120.2,115.5,115.2,112.4,111.7,111.5,106.7.HR-MS (ESI):Calcd for C19H13BrN3S[M+H]+394.0008,found(ESI+)394.0008.
Ib-7:操作同Ib-5,得淡粉色粉末,收率97%,熔点:266-267℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.78(s,1H),11.56(s,1H),8.41-8.31(m,1H),8.21(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.63(s,1H),7.60-7.46(m,1H), 7.30(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.28-7.22(m,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.5,150.4,138.0,137.1,126.9,126.2,124.8,124.3,123.0,122.8,122.5,121.2,120.9,114.9114.8, 112.7,112.1,111.2,107.1.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C19H13BrN3S[M+H]+394.0008,found(ESI+) 394.0001.
Ib-8:操作同Ib-5,得淡粉色粉末,收率88%,熔点:265-266℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.87(s,1H),11.55(s,1H),8.31(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=2.8Hz,1H).8.03(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.66(s, 1H),7.39(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.29(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6) δ161.9,150.5,138.0,137.9,127.9,126.2,124.2,124.1,123.9,123.0,122.7,122.4,115.5,115.2, 114.9,114.8,111.9,111.4,107.4.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd forC19H12Br2N3S[M+H]+471.9113,found (ESI+)471.9106.
实施例3:Nortopsentin类生物碱双吲哚类衍生物结构Ic的合成
26-1:于250mL圆底烧瓶中加入2.34g(20mmol)吲哚和80mL无水乙醚,0℃下滴加草酰氯(26mmol)的乙醚溶液,0℃下反应约1.5h,TLC监测,反应完毕,直接抽滤,用冰的无水乙醚洗涤,得到黄色粉末3.65g,产率89%。不用进行处理,直接投料下一步反应。
26-2:操作同26-1,棕黄色粉末,收率87%,
27-1:于100mL单口瓶中,加入化合物26-1(0.21g,1mmol),加入无水乙醚10mL,滴加的浓氨水2mL室温搅拌5min,TLC监测,原料反应完全,抽滤,水洗,冷的无水乙醚洗涤,得淡黄色固体0.16g,收率84%。熔点:255-256℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 12.21(s,1H),8.69(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),8.27-8.18(m,1H),8.09(s,1H),7.73(s,1H),7.54-7.52(m, 1H),7.28-7.23(m,2H).
27-2:操作同27-1,得黄色固体,收率75%,熔点:265-266℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.28(s,1H),8.71(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.14(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.12(s,1H),7.76(s, 1H),7.73(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.40(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H).
28-1:向15mL Schleck管内加入化合物27-1(0.09g,0.5mmol),加入DMF(未处理)4mL,抽换气3次,Ar气保护下,冰浴条件下,滴加SOCl2(0.54mL,0.75mmol),TLC监测,反应约30min,待反应完全后,冰浴条件下,滴加冰水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥后脱溶,得到淡黄色固体0.07g,收率82%,熔点:162-163℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6) δ12.94(s,1H),8.65(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.41-7.31(m,2H).
28-2:操作同28-1,黄色固体,收率71%,熔点:131-133℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6) δ12.98(s,1H),8.67(s,1H),7.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=8.4, 1.6Hz,1H)
29-1:将吲哚-3-甲酰腈28-1(0.25g,1.47mmol)溶于醋酸30mL中,加入Pd/C(0.03g, 10%)抽换气后,常温下氢气球鼓气,TLC监测,反应完全后,脱溶,加乙醚重结晶,抽滤得灰色粉末0.25g,收率78%,熔点:146-148℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.35(s,1H),8.22-8.15(m,1H),7.53-7.45(m,1H),7.26-7.16(m,2H),3.98(s,2H),1.86(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ192.4,172.9,137.0,134.3,125.7,123.3,122.3,121.5,114.2,112.7,46.9, 22.2.
30-1:将29-1(0.22g,1mmol)加入盛有20mL DCM的单口瓶中,加入TEA(0.35mL,2.5mmol),搅拌10min左右,分批加入化合物28-1(0.17g,1mmol),TLC监测,反应约5h,反应结束后,脱溶,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥后脱溶,柱层析分离,得淡黄色固体0.31 g,收率98%,熔点:285-287℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.03(s,1H),11.61(s,1H), 8.52(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.23(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.13(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.27-7.19(m,2H),7.18-7.06(m,2H),4.66(d,J=5.6Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ191.2,164.7,136.4,136.1,133.5,128.1,126.0,125.5,122.8,121.8,121.8,121.2,120.9,120.4,114.2,112.1,111.8, 110.4,45.6.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C19H16N3O2[M+H]+318.1237,found(ESI+)318.1240.
30-2:操作同30-1,得浅黄色固体,96%,熔点:295-296℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6) δ12.06(s,1H),11.76(s,1H),8.52(s,1H),8.34(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),8.23-8.14(m,2H),8.09(d,J= 8.6Hz,1H),7.66(s,1H),7.50(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.23(m,3H),4.65(d,J=5.6Hz,2H).13C NMR (100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ191.0,164.3,137.0,136.,133.5,128.8,125.4,125.2,123.3,122.8,122.7, 121.8,121.2,114.6,114.5,114.1,112.2,110.6,45.6.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C19H15BrN3O2 [M+H]+396.0342,found(ESI+)396.0342.
Ic-1:将化合物30-1(0.32g,1mmol)溶于20mL POCl3中,加热回流,TLC监测,反应约1h,反应结束后,将反应液倾入冰水混合物中,乙酸乙酯萃取,柱层析分离(PE∶EA=2∶1),得土黄色固体0.25g,收率83.6%,熔点:249-251℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.79(s,1H),11.60(s,1H),8.28(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),8.14(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.90 (d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.59-7.44(m,3H),7.30-7.14(m,4H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ156.8,145.4,136.4,136.4,126.2,124.2,123.5,122.9,122.3,122.1,120.6,120.4,120.0,119.6, 112.1,112.1,104.1,104.1.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd for C19H14N3O[M+H]+300.1131,found(ESI+) 300.1129.
Ic-2:操作同Ic-1,得土黄色粉末,收率75.6%,熔点:259-260℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.90(s,1H),11.61(s,1H),8.21(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.17(s,1H),7.96(d,J=6.4Hz, 1H),7.91(s,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.51(m,2H),7.37(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.28-7.13(m,2H).13C NMR (100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ156.7,146.2,137.7,136.91,127.6,124.0,123.8,123.6,122.7,122.6, 120.6,120.1,115.6,115.2,112.6,104.8,104.5.HR-MS(ESI):Calcd forC19H13BrN3O[M+H]+ 378.0237,found(ESI+)378.0236.
实施例4:抗烟草花叶病毒活性的测定,测定程序如下:
1、病毒提纯及浓度测定:
病毒提纯及浓度测定参照南开大学元素所生测室编制烟草花叶病毒SOP规范执行。病毒粗提液经2次聚乙二醇离心处理后,测定浓度,4℃冷藏备用。
2、化合物溶液配制:
称量后,原药加入DMF溶解,制得1×105μg/mL母液,后用含1‰吐温80水溶液稀释至所需浓度;宁南霉素制剂直接兑水稀释。
3、离体作用:
摩擦接种珊西烟适龄叶片,用流水冲洗,病毒浓度10μg/mL。收干后剪下,沿叶中脉对剖,左右半叶分别浸于1‰吐温水及药剂中,30min后取出,于适宜光照温度下保湿培养,每3片叶为1次重复,重复3次。3d后记录病斑数,计算防效。
4、活体保护作用:
选长势均匀一致的3-5叶期珊西烟,全株喷雾施药,每处理3次重复,并设1‰吐温80 水溶液对照。24h后,叶面撒布金刚砂(500目),用毛笔蘸取病毒液,在全叶面沿支脉方向轻擦2次,叶片下方用手掌支撑,病毒浓度10μg/mL,接种后用流水冲洗。3d后记录病斑数,计算防效。
5、活体治疗作用:
选长势均匀一致的3-5叶期珊西烟,用毛笔全叶接种病毒,病毒浓度为10μg/mL,接种后用流水冲洗。叶面收干后,全株喷雾施药,每处理3次重复,并设1‰吐温80水溶液对照。3d后记录病斑数,计算防效。
6、活体钝化作用:
选长势均匀一致的3-5叶期珊西烟,将药剂与等体积的病毒汁液混合钝化30min后,摩擦接种,病毒浓度20μg/mL,接种后即用流水冲洗,重复3次,设1‰吐温80水溶液对照。3d后数病斑数,计算结果。
抑制率(%)=[(对照枯斑数-处理枯斑数)/对照枯斑数]×100%
表2 Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物Ia-1~Ia-8、Ib-1~Ib-8、Ic-1~Ic-2 的抗TMV活性测试结果:
从表2中可见Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物Ia-1~Ia-8、Ib-1~Ib-8、Ic-1~Ic-2表现出很好的抗TMV活性,Ia-3、Ib-2、Ib-8、Ic-1抗TMV活性较好,与宁南霉素活性相当,具备极大的开发价值。
实施例5:抗菌活性测试,测定程序如下:
A.离体杀菌测试,菌体生长速率测定法(平皿法):
将一定量药剂溶解在适量丙酮内,然后用含有200ug/mL乳化剂水溶液稀释至所需浓度,然后各吸取1mL药液注入培养皿内,再分别加入9mL培养基,摇匀后制成50ug/mL的含药平板,以添加1mL灭菌水的平板做空白对照。用直径4mm的打孔器沿菌丝外缘切取菌盘,移至含药平板上。每处理重复三次。将培养皿放在24±1℃恒温培养箱内培养。48小时后调查各处理菌盘扩展直径,求平均值,与空白对照比较计算相对抑菌率。
表3 Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物Ia-1~Ia-8、Ib-1~Ib-8、Ic-1~Ic-2的离体杀菌活性测试结果:
由表3中数据可以看出,Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物Ia-1~Ia-8、Ib-1~Ib-8、Ic-1 ~Ic-2,具有广谱的杀菌活性。
B.活体杀菌测试,植株喷雾法:
称量各化合物,定量DMSO溶解后加入1‰吐温80水溶液,配制成所需浓度待测液。
供试黄瓜、小麦幼苗培养于南开大学生测楼日光温室。黄瓜第一片真叶完全展开后,喷雾处理,喷液量1mL/处理,喷雾压力0.7kg/cm2,喷雾距离15cm。小麦一叶一心期处理,方法与黄瓜处理过程相同。
药剂处理后24h,黄瓜灰霉与黄瓜霜霉均采用喷雾接种5×105个/mL的孢子囊悬浮液于药剂处理后的黄瓜真叶叶背,至叶片呈水浸状止。暗环境保湿培养24h,后移至温室环境下正常培养。48h后调查结果。小麦苗则采用沉降接种法,接菌后7d调查结果。结果调查采用分级方法,以“100”级代表无病,即抑制率100%;“0”级代表最严重的发病程度,抑制率为0,记录。
表4 Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物Ia-1~Ia-8、Ib-1~Ib-8、Ic-1~Ic-2的活体杀菌活性测试结果:
从表4中数据可以看出,Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物Ia-1~Ia-8、Ib-1~Ib-8、 Ic-1~Ic-2同样表现出不错的活体杀菌活性。
实施例6:杀虫活性测试,测定程序如下:
棉铃虫的活性测试
棉铃虫的实验方法:浸叶法。配置所需浓度后,把直径约为5-6cm的叶片浸入药液中5-6 秒,取出,放在吸水纸上晾干,放在指定的培养皿中,接入10头3龄幼虫,放入27±1℃的养虫室中观察3-4天后检查结果。
粘虫的活性测试
粘虫的实验方法:浸叶法。配置所需浓度后,把直径约为5-6cm的叶片浸入药液中5-6 秒,取出,放在吸水纸上晾干,放在指定的培养皿中,接入10头3龄幼虫,放入27±1℃的养虫室中观察3-4天后检查结果。
玉米螟的活性测试
玉米螟的实验方法:浸叶法,配置所需浓度后,把直径约为5-6cm的叶片浸入药液中5-6 秒,取出,放在吸水纸上晾干,放在指定的培养皿中,接入10头3龄幼虫,放入27±1℃的养虫室中观察3-4天后检查结果。
蚊幼虫的活性测试
蚊幼虫的实验方法:尖音库蚊淡色亚种,室内饲养的正常群体。称取供试化合物约5mg 于盘尼西林药瓶中,加5mL丙酮(或适宜溶剂),振荡溶解,即为1000μg/mL母液。移取0.5mL母液,加入盛有89.9mL水的100mL烧杯中,选取10头4龄初蚊子幼虫,连同10mL 饲养液一并倒入烧杯中,其药液的浓度即为5μg/mL。放入标准处理室内,24h检查结果。以含有0.5mL实验溶剂的水溶液为空白对照。
小菜蛾幼虫活性测试
采用国际抑制活性行动委员会(IRAC)提出的浸叶法。在分析天平上称取2mg药样于 10mL小烧杯中,加50μL二甲基甲酰胺(分析纯)溶解,加10mL水制成200μg/mL药液。用直头眼科镊子浸渍甘蓝叶片,时间2-3秒,甩掉余液。每次1片,每个样品共3片。按样品标记顺序依次放在处理纸上。待药液干后,放入具有标记的10cm长的直型管内,接入2 龄小菜蛾幼虫,用纱布盖好管口。将实验处理置于标准处理室内,96h后检查结果。每个化合物重复3次。对照只向蒸馏水中加入乳化剂和溶剂,搅拌均匀。
朱砂叶螨成螨的活性测试
供实验用的矮生菜豆长至两片真叶时,选择长势比较整齐、叶面积4-5平方厘米、株高 10厘米左右的植株接虫,每株虫量控制在60-100头左右。接虫24小时后,进行药剂处理。药剂处理采用植株浸渍法,浸渍时间5秒钟。植株从药液中取出后,轻轻抖动,甩掉多余药液,然后移入水培缸中,放置在室温下。处理后24小时在双目镜下检查结果。(做三次平行实验取平均值)
蚜虫的活性测试
杀蚜虫活性测定步骤如下:
试虫为蚜虫(Aphis laburni Kaltenbach),实验室蚕豆叶饲养的正常群体。称取药品,加1 mL DMF溶解,加两滴吐温-20乳化剂,加入一定量的蒸馏水,搅拌均匀,配成所需浓度的药液。将带蚜虫(约60只)蚕豆叶片浸入药剂中5秒钟,拿出轻轻甩干,用滤纸吸干多余药剂,然后将蚕豆枝插入吸水海绵中,并用玻璃罩罩住枝条,用纱布封口,96小时检查结果,每个化合物重复3次。对照只向蒸馏水中加入乳化剂和溶剂,搅拌均匀。
表5 Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物Ia-1~Ia-8、Ib-1~Ib-8、Ic-1~Ic-2的杀虫活性:
从表4中数据可以看出,Nortopsentin类生物碱及其衍生物Ia-1~Ia-8、Ib-1~Ib-8、 Ic-1~Ic-2同样表现出不错的杀虫活性,尤其是化合物Ia-8、Ib-5在5mg/kg的浓度对蚊幼虫的杀虫活性仍能达到100%。
Claims (3)
2.权利要求1中所示的Nortopsentin类生物碱衍生物Ia-1-Ia-8,Ib-1-Ib-8,Ic-1或Ic-2在抗植物病菌中的应用,其特征在于植物病菌为黄瓜枯萎,花生褐斑,苹果轮纹,小麦纹枯,玉米小斑,西瓜炭疽,水稻恶苗,番茄早疫,小麦赤霉,马铃薯晚疫,辣椒疫霉,油菜菌核,黄瓜灰霉,水稻纹枯。
3.权利要求1中所示的Nortopsentin类生物碱衍生物Ia-1-Ia-8,Ib-1-Ib-8,Ic-1或Ic-2在杀虫中的应用,其特征在于衍生物Ia-1-Ia-6,Ia-8,Ib-1-Ib-2,Ib-4-Ib-5,Ib-7-Ib-8,Ic-1或Ic-2用于杀粘虫、棉铃虫和玉米螟,衍生物Ia-1,Ia-4-Ia-5,Ia-8,Ib-2,Ib-5-Ib-8用于杀小菜蛾,衍生物Ia-1-Ia-8,Ib-1-Ib-8,Ic-1或Ic-2用于杀蚊幼虫。
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US5464835A (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 1995-11-07 | Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc. | Use for bis-heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing same |
CN1224015A (zh) * | 1998-12-30 | 1999-07-28 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | 双吲哚杂环化合物、制备方法及其用途 |
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