CN109393024A - 一种含牛油果的风味发酵乳及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含牛油果的风味发酵乳及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含牛油果的风味发酵乳及其制备方法,制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)将原料乳、甜味剂和稳定剂进行混合,搅拌均匀,经过二级均质,热杀菌,杀菌后冷却,获得混合料;(2)将发酵剂接种至步骤(1)处理后的混合料中进行发酵处理,酸度值到达70~80°T时终止发酵,冷却;(3)将牛油果粒或牛油果酱进行超高压灭菌处理后加入到步骤(2)发酵处理后所得的发酵乳中,无菌灌装即得所述含牛油果的风味发酵乳。本发明制备的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的方法,通过对牛油果进行超高压处理,有效的解决了牛油果因加热处理而容易酸败并导致该酸奶分层的问题,使该酸奶在功能性有了提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及乳品发酵技术领域,具体涉及一种含牛油果的风味发酵乳及其制备方法。
背景技术
牛油果富含多种维生素(VA、VC、VE及B族系列维生素等)、多种矿物质元素、食用植物纤维,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达80%,经常食用对降低胆固醇和血脂、保护心血管和肝脏具有重要意义。研究发现,美国、日本等国对牛油果的科研开发走在世界前列,用牛油果生产的洗护用品达上千种。而我国对牛油果的认识还处于起步阶段,牛油果的研究和推广工作进展缓慢,大部分牛油果只作为水果销售,小部分用于加工制造产品,主要集中在化妆品、西餐、牛油果油等领域。
目前市场上富含牛油果的酸奶品类少,而乳制品作为人们补充蛋白质和钙等营养成分的重要来源,将牛油果添加至发酵乳,既提升了风味发酵乳的营养价值,满足国内消费者对微量营养素摄入量的补充需求,也能丰富发酵乳产品种类,降低产品同质化问题发生,具有广阔的市场前景。牛油果中含有大量的脂肪酸,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸易发生氧化变质,影响产品质量,将牛油果与牛乳混合后加热处理后短时间内即可发生氧化酸败现象。
发明内容
本发明提供一种含牛油果的风味发酵乳及其制备方法,通过将牛油果安全添加到发酵乳中的方法,克服了牛油果因富含多不饱和脂肪酸容易酸败和导致发酵乳不稳定分层的问题;制备得到的发酵乳满足了国内消费者对多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量的补充;此外本发明提供的风味发酵乳中富含多不饱和脂肪酸,并且改善了风味发酵乳的流动性,使其口感更润滑;同时使牛油果的营养成分充分发挥,便于人体更好的摄取吸收。
本发明为达到上述目的,具体通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将原料乳、甜味剂和稳定剂进行混合,搅拌均匀,经过二级均质,热杀菌,杀菌后混合料的冷却温度为38~45℃,获得混合料;
(2)将106~108CFU/mL的发酵剂接种至步骤(1)处理后的混合料中进行发酵处理,酸度值到达70~80°T时终止发酵,冷却;
(3)将牛油果粒或牛油果酱进行超高压灭菌处理后加入到步骤(2)发酵处理后所得的发酵乳中,无菌灌装即得所述含牛油果的风味发酵乳;
上述制备方法所制得的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的原料中包含下述质量百分比的组分:稳定剂0.25~0.5%、甜味剂1~8%、牛油果粒/酱5~8%及补足至100%的原料乳。牛油果粒/酱为食品领域常规物质。
进一步优化,步骤(1)中,原料乳为生鲜乳和/或处理乳。原料乳为本领域常规使用的原料乳,较佳地为生鲜乳和处理乳;生鲜乳较佳地为全脂牛乳;处理乳较佳地为脱脂牛乳和复原乳;复原乳为本领域常规操作方法制备,由乳粉和水混合制成。原料乳的含量优选地为80~90%,较佳地为82~86%,最佳地为85%,所述百分比为占所述原料总质量的质量百分比。
进一步优化,步骤(1)中,原料乳、甜味剂和稳定剂混合时的温度为45~55℃,搅拌时间为5~15min。步骤(1)中,杀菌较佳为巴氏杀菌或超高温瞬时灭菌(UHT灭菌);巴氏杀菌条件较佳为温度85~95℃、时间5~25min,超高温瞬时杀菌条件较佳为温度130~140℃、时间2~10s。
甜味剂为本领域常规甜味剂,较佳地为白砂糖、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、果糖、果葡糖浆和蔗糖素中的一种或多种,更佳地为白砂糖、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜和果葡糖浆中的一种或多种,最佳地为白砂糖、阿斯巴甜和安赛蜜。当甜味剂为白砂糖时,含量较佳地为1~8%,更佳地为3~8%,最佳地为5~7%;当甜味剂为阿斯巴甜和安赛蜜时,含量较佳地为0.01~0.03%,最佳地为0.02%,所述百分比为占所述原料总质量的质量百分比。
稳定剂为本领域常规稳定剂,较佳地为果胶、卡拉胶、明胶、琼脂、结冷胶、海藻酸丙二醇酯和变性淀粉中的一种或几种;更佳地为果胶、明胶、琼脂和变性淀粉中的一种或多种。稳定剂含量较佳地为0.25~0.5%,更佳地为0.35~0.45%,最佳地为0.4%,所述百分比为占所述原料总质量的质量百分比。
进一步优化,步骤(1)中,二级均质的温度为55~65℃,一级均质压力为15~20MPa,二级均质压力为2~5MPa。
进一步优化,步骤(2)中,发酵处理的时间为5~12h,发酵温度为35~45℃,终点发酵酸度值为70~80°T。
进一步优化,步骤(3)中,超高压灭菌处理的条件为压力200~600MPa,灭菌时间为3~10min。
进一步优化,所述稳定剂为果胶、卡拉胶、明胶、琼脂、结冷胶、海藻酸丙二醇酯和变性淀粉中的一种或几种。
进一步优化,发酵剂为保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌中的一种或几种。发酵剂的添加量较佳地为106~108CFU/mL,更佳地为106~107CFU/mL,最佳地为107CFU/mL。
进一步优化,原料中还包括益生菌,所述益生菌较佳地为乳双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、双歧杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和乳酸乳球菌中的一种或几种,更佳地为乳双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌中的一种或多种。益生菌添加量为106~108CFU/g,更佳地为106~107CFU/mL。益生菌为在步骤(2)中与发酵剂一同添加至混合料中。
本发明还提供了一种利用上述任一的制备方法制得的含牛油果的风味发酵乳。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明制备的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的方法,通过对牛油果进行超高压处理,有效的解决了牛油果因加热处理而容易酸败并导致该酸奶分层的问题,避免了热处理对牛油果的破坏,使该酸奶在功能性有了提升,从而影响产品品质。
本发明制备的含牛油果的风味发酵乳食用方便、营养成分得到提升,口感更顺滑,含有多不饱和脂肪酸,维生素和矿物质,具有调节血脂,降低血胆固醇等重要功能。
具体实施方式
下面将通过具体实施例来对本发明进行进一步的解释,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本发明,并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
如在通篇说明书及权利要求当中所提及的“包含”或“包括”为一开放式用语,故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。说明书后续描述为实施本发明的较佳实施方式,然所述描述乃以说明书的一般原则为目的,并非用以限定本发明的范围。本发明的保护范围当视所附权利要求所界定者为准。
如没有特殊说明,本发明所采用的各种原料均可从市场上购买。
实施例1
含牛油果的风味发酵乳原料配方:保加利亚乳杆菌108CFU/mL,嗜热链球菌108CFU/mL,果胶0.5%,安赛蜜0.01%,牛油果5%,余量由生鲜乳补足至100%。
上述含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法为:
(1)将生鲜乳、果胶和安赛蜜于55℃条件下,充分搅拌15min,混合均匀,65℃下20MPa一级均质,2MPa二级均质。在95℃条件下,热杀菌处理5min,冷却至45℃,获得混合料。
(2)将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌接种至经步骤(1)处理后的混合料中,在45℃条件下发酵,发酵酸度达到70°T后,终止发酵,翻缸冷却。
(3)将牛油果粒进行超高压灭菌处理,处理压力为600MPa,时间为3min。加入步骤(2)所得的发酵乳中,无菌灌装即得本发明的含牛油果的风味发酵乳。
实施例2
含牛油果的风味发酵乳原料配方:保加利亚乳杆菌106CFU/mL,嗜热链球菌106CFU/mL,变性淀粉0.25%,白砂糖1%,牛油果8%,余量由生鲜乳补足至100%。
上述含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法为:
(1)将生鲜乳、变性淀粉和白砂糖于45℃条件下,充分搅拌5min,混合均匀,55℃下15MPa一级均质,5MPa二级均质。在85℃条件下,热杀菌处理25min,冷却至38℃。
(2)将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌接种至步骤(1)处理后的牛乳中在38℃条件下发酵,发酵酸度达到80°T后,终止发酵,翻缸冷却。
(3)将牛油果粒进行超高压灭菌处理,其处理压力为400MPa,时间为10min。加入步骤(2)所得的发酵乳中,无菌灌装即得本发明含牛油果的风味发酵乳。
实施例3
含牛油果的风味发酵乳原料配方:保加利亚乳杆菌5×106CFU/mL,嗜热链球菌5×106CFU/mL,结冷胶0.35%,阿斯巴甜0.03%,牛油果6%,余量由脱脂乳补足至100%。
上述含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法为:
(1)将脱脂乳、结冷胶和阿斯巴甜于50℃条件下,充分搅拌10min,混合均匀,60℃下18MPa一级均质,3MPa二级均质。在90℃条件下,热杀菌处理10min,冷却至42℃。
(2)将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌接种至步骤(1)处理后的混合料中在42℃条件下发酵,发酵酸度达到72°T后,终止发酵,翻缸冷却。
(3)将牛油果酱进行超高压处理,其处理压力为400MPa,时间为10min。加入步骤(2)所得的发酵乳中,无菌灌装即得本发明的含牛油果的风味发酵乳。
实施例4
含牛油果的风味发酵乳原料配方:保加利亚乳杆菌106CFU/mL,嗜热链球菌106CFU/mL,明胶和海藻酸丙二醇酯共0.45%作为稳定剂,果糖8%,副干酪乳杆菌106CFU/mL,双歧杆菌BB12 106CFU/mL,牛油果7.5%,余量由复原乳补足至100%。
上述含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法为:
(1)将复原乳、明胶、海藻酸丙二醇酯和果糖于55℃条件下,充分搅拌5min,混合均匀,65℃下15MPa一级均质,4MPa二级均质。在92℃条件下,热杀菌处理6min,冷却至39℃。
(2)将发酵剂保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、副干酪乳杆菌和双歧杆菌BB12接种至步骤(1)处理后的混合料中,在39℃条件下发酵,发酵酸度达到80°T后,终止发酵,翻缸冷却。
(3)将牛油果酱进行超高压灭菌处理,其压力为600MPa,时间为8min。加入步骤(2)所得的发酵乳中,无菌灌装即得本发明的含牛油果的风味发酵乳。
实施例5
含牛油果的风味发酵乳原料配方:保加利亚乳杆菌106CFU/mL,嗜热链球菌106CFU/mL,植物乳杆菌ST~III 9×106CFU/mL,琼脂和结冷胶0.45%,苹果汁8%,白砂糖5%,安赛蜜0.01%,牛油果5.5%,余量由生鲜乳补足至100%,各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
上述含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法为:
(1)将生鲜乳、琼脂、结冷胶、白砂糖和安赛蜜于45℃条件下,充分搅拌10min,混合均匀,55℃下19MPa一级均质,2MPa二级均质。在90℃条件下,热杀菌处理10min,冷却至42℃,获得混合料。
(2)将发酵剂保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和植物乳杆菌ST~III接种至步骤(1)处理后的混合料中,在42℃条件下发酵,发酵酸度达到80°T后,终止发酵,翻缸冷却。
(3)将牛油果酱进行超高压处理,压力为500MPa,时间为10min。加入步骤(2)所得的发酵乳中,无菌灌装即得本发明的含牛油果的风味发酵乳。
实施例6
含牛油果的风味发酵乳原料配方:保加利亚乳杆菌107CFU/mL,嗜热链球菌107CFU/mL,干酪乳杆菌LC2W 107CFU/mL,海藻酸丙二醇酯和果胶0.38%,巧克力酱5%,安赛蜜和阿斯巴甜0.02%,牛油果粒2%,牛油果浆3.5%,余量由脱脂乳补足至100%。
上述含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法为:
(1)将脱脂乳、海藻酸丙二醇酯、果胶、安赛蜜和阿斯巴甜于50℃条件下,充分搅拌15min,混合均匀,60℃下18MPa一级均质,3MPa二级均质。在92℃条件下,热杀菌处理10min,冷却至42℃,获得混合液。
(2)将发酵剂保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和干酪乳杆菌LC2W接种至步骤(1)处理后的混合液中在42℃条件下发酵,发酵酸度达到70°T后,终止发酵,翻缸冷却。
(3)将牛油果粒和牛油果浆进行超高压灭菌处理,压力为600MPa,时间为5min。加入步骤(2)所得的发酵乳中,无菌灌装即得本发明的含牛油果的风味发酵乳。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各佳实例。上述风味发酵乳可以根据实际情况制备成各种发酵乳制品,凡是利用本发明的发酵乳制备的乳制品,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
对比例1
本对比例的制备方法均同于实施例1,不同之处仅在于无添加牛油果粒/酱。
对比例2
本对比例的制备方法均同于实施例1,不同之处在于无步骤(3),添加牛油果后直接无菌灌装。
对比例3
本对比例的制备方法均同于实施例1,不同之处在于步骤(3)中采用低温巴氏杀菌。
对比例4
本对比例的制备方法均同于实施例1,不同之处在于步骤(3)采用超高温瞬时杀菌处理。
然后对实施例1~6和对比实施例1~4制备的表1
表1各样品指标测定和感官评定结果
样品 | 微生物指标 | 组织状态 | 气味和滋味 |
实施例1 | 正常 | 细腻、均匀 | 无异味、口感佳 |
实施例2 | 正常 | 细腻、均匀 | 无异味、口感佳 |
实施例3 | 正常 | 细腻、均匀 | 无异味、口感佳 |
实施例4 | 正常 | 细腻、均匀 | 无异味、口感佳 |
实施例5 | 正常 | 细腻、均匀 | 无异味、口感佳 |
实施例6 | 正常 | 细腻、均匀 | 无异味、口感佳 |
对比例1 | 正常 | 细腻、均匀 | 无异味、口感佳 |
对比例2 | 包装胀气,染菌 | 组织结块、有沉淀 | 异味 |
对比例3 | 包装胀气,染菌 | 组织结块、有沉淀 | 异味 |
对比例4 | 正常 | 有沉淀 | 异味 |
通过对比可知,本发明制备含牛油果的风味发酵乳与普通发酵乳相比,无异味、口感佳,富含多不饱和脂肪酸,维生素和矿物质。经常食用,可满足人们对微量营养素的补充,对调节血脂,降低血胆固醇等具有重要作用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明实质内容上所作的任何修改、等同替换和简单改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将原料乳、甜味剂和稳定剂进行混合,搅拌均匀,经过二级均质,热杀菌,杀菌后混合料的冷却温度为38~45℃,获得混合料;
(2)将106~108CFU/mL的发酵剂接种至步骤(1)处理后的混合料中进行发酵处理,酸度值到达70~80°T时终止发酵,冷却;
(3)将牛油果粒或牛油果酱进行超高压灭菌处理后加入到步骤(2)发酵处理后所得的发酵乳中,无菌灌装即得所述含牛油果的风味发酵乳;
上述制备方法所制得的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的原料中包含下述质量百分比的组分:稳定剂0.25~0.5%、甜味剂1~8%、牛油果粒/酱5~8%及补足至100%的原料乳。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,原料乳为生鲜乳和/或处理乳。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,原料乳、甜味剂和稳定剂混合时的温度为45~55℃,搅拌时间为5~15min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,二级均质的温度为55~65℃,一级均质压力为15~20MPa,二级均质压力为2~5MPa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,发酵处理的时间为5~12h,发酵温度为35~45℃,终点发酵酸度值为70~80°T。
6.根据权利要求1所述的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,超高压灭菌处理的条件为压力200~600MPa,灭菌时间为3~10min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,其特征在于,稳定剂为果胶、卡拉胶、明胶、琼脂、结冷胶、海藻酸丙二醇酯和变性淀粉中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,其特征在于,发酵剂为保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、干酪乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的含牛油果的风味发酵乳的制备方法,其特征在于,所述原料中还包括益生菌,所述益生菌为乳双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、双歧杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和乳酸乳球菌中的一种或几种,所述的益生菌添加量为106~108CFU/mL;或/和,所述益生菌为在步骤(2)中与发酵剂一同添加至混合料中。
10.一种由权利要求1~9任一项所述的制备方法制得的含牛油果的风味发酵乳。
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