CN109380048A - A kind of vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear - Google Patents
A kind of vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear Download PDFInfo
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- CN109380048A CN109380048A CN201811233429.XA CN201811233429A CN109380048A CN 109380048 A CN109380048 A CN 109380048A CN 201811233429 A CN201811233429 A CN 201811233429A CN 109380048 A CN109380048 A CN 109380048A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
A kind of vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear, the present invention is cultivated by stock, bud connects, it cuts and sends, it is planted the cultivation of seedlings, the seedlings being out of the garden for the vigorous stock of gold bead sand pear that flat furrow temporary planting cultivating large seedling and the tree-like step of shaping are cultivated, with plant height, branch amount is average, the advantages that flower strain rate is high, it may also reach up plant simultaneously to bloom for the year, two annual bearings, 3 years targets gone into operation, break three apricot of peach, four 5 years traditional modes of pears, lower orchard establishment risk significantly, 1 year cost-recovering etc. ahead of time, the present invention has easy to operate, the advantages that effect is obvious, it is suitble to large-scale promotion and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding methods of gold bead sand pear, and in particular to a kind of vigorous stock seedlings for gold bead sand pear
Breeding method.
Background technique
Known, gold bead sand pear is that the excellent late-maturing Pear varieties of the breeding from wild Chinese pear have compared with other Chinese pears
Fruit is big, unique flavor, it is mature after need not by after-ripening it can be served the features such as, gold bead sand pear meat is fine and smooth, sour-sweet strong, battalion
It supports abundant, is the outstanding person in a variety of wild mountain fruits, through expert determination, sand pear has significant moistening lung to arrest cough, nourishing face and eliminating toxin, soft
Change blood vessel, brain tonic and intelligence development and other effects, the Xiaoshan Mountain in Henan west area and the cultivation of Xonger Group low-mountain zone optimum, but traditional gold bead is husky
Pears cropping pattern low output, unmanageable, high labor cost, farmer hold inaccuracy to the cultivation density of gold bead sand pear nursery stock,
The growth in gold bead sand pear treelet later period is influenced, the yield of gold bead sand pear is reduced, brings certain damage to farmer and plantation enterprise
Lose etc., and in the plantation of gold bead sand pear, vigorous stock big seedling cultivation is one of key technology therein, then providing a kind of for gold
The vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method of pearl sand pear is just particularly important.
Summary of the invention
To overcome deficiency present in background technique, the present invention provides a kind of vigorous stock seedlings trainings for gold bead sand pear
Method is educated, the seedlings being out of the garden for the vigorous stock of gold bead sand pear cultivated through the invention have plant height, and branch amount is average, flower strain rate
The advantages that high.
To realize that goal of the invention as described above, the present invention use technical solution as described below:
A kind of vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear, it is characterized in that: the breeding method specifically includes following step
It is rapid:
The first step, stock are cultivated:
A, prepare nursery soil:
In annual October~December then 2~3 tons of nursery soil mu organic fertilizer is ploughed nursery soil, put down
It is whole and do small furrow, it is smooth in small furrow after difference in height be 0~5 centimetre；
B, it sows:
Nursery soil carries out size row trench digging after being ready to, and depth of first ditching is 5~6 centimetres, and then mu applies the two of 20~40 kilograms
Amine, then with the full ditch depth of plough earth backing 3~4 centimetres spread birch-leaf pear seed, then earthing is steady and sure and overwintering by pouring water after prepartion of land；
C, seedling management:
It after spring birch-leaf pear nursery stock is unearthed, is loosened the soil to soil and weeding, is filled after birch-leaf pear height of seedling reaches 8~15 centimetres
Water applies 3~8 kilograms of urea per acre when pouring water, water cannot cover seedling top when pouring water, and loosen the soil in time after pouring water, the later period is every
It was once poured water every 15~25 days, imposes 5~15 kilograms of urea per acre while pouring water, filled in annual stopping by the end of August
Water fills primary overwintering water again before annual October~soil in November border is freeze-up；
Second step, bud connect:
It takes the next step, bud is carried out after the beginning of autumn and is connect, it is plastics package rope that bud, which connects item of tying up used, is loosened the soil before bud connects to soil；
Third step is cut and is sent:
It takes the next step, second year the first ten-day period of the March is grafted in scion and wipes out top branch above point at 0.5~5cm, and clip is smeared yellow
Oil, to prevent moisture evaporation, then, when budder sprouting after, carry out soil fertilizer and water management and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control work, until mid-November,
Gold bead sand pear can be grown to 1.2m~1.5m, and seedling fostering is completed；
4th step, the cultivation for being planted seedlings:
It takes the next step, selection seedling age 1 year or more first gold bead sand pear nursery stock is as vigorous stock seedling, the main side root of gold bead sand pear nursery stock
>=8, lateral root length >=24cm, lateral root base portion diameter >=0.52cm, the high 120~130cm of diameter, the thick 1~1.4cm of diameter, shaping strip strengthens bud
>=8, completely, healing anvil stake handles withered stake, and to wipe out healing good for interface healing, is then planted to vigorous stock seedling, when temporary planting
Decomposed organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on temporary planting point first, organic fertilizer and soil are puddled uniformly, then spread one on it and mixed
The vigorous stock seedling that the root system chosen is unfolded is placed on temporary planting point by phoxim pesticide-clay mixture, and seeding row spacing is 0.6m × 1m when temporary planting, so
Flat furrow are done in ridging afterwards, then cover the unregistered land film of 90~100cm wide in heeled-in seedling two sides, and broken mulch is finally removed before freezing；
5th step, flat furrow are planted cultivating large seedling:
It taking the next step, after Survival rate of nursery stock, chases after once-combined fertilizer with fertilizer-applicating gun in root system surrounding within every 20~30 days, dose is 50~
60g/ plants, when dry weather, 3~4 fertilizer applying holes are pricked near root system, apply fertilizer 20~30cm of hole depth, and compound fertilizer is used water in advance
It melts, then compound fertilizer solution is chased after in fertilizer applying hole to or directly imposed Liquid Fertilizer, annual early August, two tree on ridge
Between dig that 25cm is deep, dressing furrow of 20cm wide, then apply decomposed farmyard manure, dose is 1.3~1.5m3/667m2；
6th step, shaping are tree-like:
It takes the next step, is trimmed to spindle for tree-like, i.e. center does and stays 10~21 major branches, and uniaxial extension does not stay side shoot, in sky
Auxiliary support branch is selected and remain at scarce place, but to control its size, 70~90 ° of major branch base angle, 70~80 ° of haunch, keeps center dry thick with major branch
Degree is than being 4:1.
The vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear, in the first step size of small furrow be 0.3~
0.5 mu.
The vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear, the size of size row trench digging is in the first step
30 × 60 centimetres.
The vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear, the furrow face width of flat furrow is in the 4th step
80cm is highly 20cm.
The vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear, clip applies when modifying tree-like in the 6th step
Protective agent.
Using technical solution as described above, the present invention has superiority as described below:
The seedlings being out of the garden for the vigorous stock of gold bead sand pear cultivated through the invention have plant height, and branch amount is average, flower strain rate
The advantages that high, at the same may also reach up plant current year bloom, two annual bearings, 3 years go into operation target, break three apricot of peach, four pears five
Year traditional mode, attenuating orchard establishment risk significantly, 1 year cost-recovering etc. ahead of time, the present invention has easy to operate, and effect is bright
The advantages that aobvious, it is suitble to large-scale promotion and application.
Specific embodiment
The present invention can be explained in more detail by the following examples, the invention is not limited to the following examples；
A kind of vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear of the present invention, the breeding method specifically includes as follows
Step:
The first step, stock are cultivated:
A, prepare nursery soil:
Nursery to select clay fertilizer power it is high, it is saline and alkaline gently, have a good transport service, the sandy of row irrigation system support is banketed or border soil,
Then 2~3 tons of nursery soil mu organic fertilizer ploughs nursery soil, is smooth and do by annual October~December
Small furrow, the size of small furrow are 0.3~0.5 mu, and smooth rear difference in height is 0~5 centimetre in small furrow；
B, it sows:
Nursery soil carries out size row trench digging after being ready to, the size of size row trench digging is 30X60 centimetres, and depth of first ditching is 5~6
Centimetre, then mu applies 20~40 kilograms of diamines, then with the full ditch depth of plough earth backing 3~4 centimetres spread birch-leaf pear seed, spreading birch-leaf pear
Kind when, in order to remove kind birch-leaf pear seed can uniformly be mixed thoroughly with sand after sow, then earthing having peace of mind and with tool by prepartion of land
After pour water it is overwintering；When selecting autumn sowing, to select birch-leaf pear seed is sown into soil before soil is freeze-up that (the suitable time in autumn is 11
The first arrival mid-November moon) it broadcasts rear and pours water in time；
C, seedling management:
It after spring birch-leaf pear nursery stock is unearthed, is loosened the soil to soil and weeding, while can be improved ground temperature to be conducive to nursery stock raw
It is long, it pours water after birch-leaf pear height of seedling reaches 8~15 centimetres, applies 3~8 kilograms of urea when pouring water per acre, water when pouring water for the first time
Seedling top cannot be covered, to be loosened the soil in time after doing with pouring water end, the later period was once poured water every 15~25 days, same what is poured water
When impose 5~15 kilograms of urea per acre, pour water in annual stopping by the end of August, annual October~soil in November border it is freeze-up before again
Fill primary overwintering water；
Second step, bud connect:
It takes the next step, bud is carried out after the beginning of autumn and is connect, it is plastics package rope that bud, which connects item of tying up used, is loosened the soil before bud connects to soil；
By taking Foundation of Luoyang as an example, bud generally can be carried out after the beginning of autumn (August 7~8 days) in Foundation of Luoyang and connect, bud is taken over early budder and easily sprouted
Hair is grafted endless, grafts a common plastics packing rope of tying up used because cooling influences growth too late, affordable, but
It is tied up the disadvantage is that need to change when next year spring pruning anvil, bud needs to be loosened the soil with the more blunt hoe in angle before connecing, and the purpose loosened the soil mainly reduces bud
The height of interface reduces the chance that sprout tillers occurs, other management are the same as conventional；
Third step is cut and is sent:
It takes the next step, second year the first ten-day period of the March is grafted in scion and wipes out top branch at 0.5~5cm above point, wherein it is preferred that at 1cm
Wipe out top branch, clip coating butter, to prevent moisture evaporation, then, when budder sprouting after, carry out soil fertilizer and water management and disease
Pest control work, until mid-November, gold bead sand pear can be grown to 1.2m~1.5m, complete seedling fostering；
4th step, the cultivation for being planted seedlings:
Take the next step, the superiority and inferiority of the selection seedling quality of nursery stock directly affect can premature labor high yield, therefore, it is necessary to maintain strict control over seedling quality
It closes, selection seedling age 1 year or more first gold bead sand pear nursery stock is as vigorous stock seedling, main side root >=8 of gold bead sand pear nursery stock, side
Root long >=24cm, lateral root base portion diameter >=0.52cm, the high 120~130cm of diameter, the thick 1~1.4cm of diameter, shaping strip are strengthened bud >=8, are connect
Mouth heals completely, and healing anvil stake, which handles withered stake and wipes out, heals well, is then planted to vigorous stock seedling, heeled-in seedling field planting is general
It is planted before and after the Clear and Bright, when temporary planting spreads fertilizer over the fields the decomposed organic fertilizer of two sharp spades on temporary planting point first, with sharp spade by organic fertilizer and soil
Earth is puddled uniformly, if stirring is uneven, easily generation burn seedlings, then the phoxim pesticide-clay mixture mixed, pungent sulphur are spread on it
Phostoxin soil can prevent and treat subterranean pest-insect, and the vigorous stock seedling that the root system chosen is unfolded is placed on temporary planting point, and seeding row spacing is when temporary planting
0.6m × 1m, then flat furrow are done in ridging, and it is highly 20cm that the furrow face width of flat furrow, which is 80cm, then cover 90 in heeled-in seedling two sides
The unregistered land film of~100cm wide, finally removes broken mulch before freezing；Wherein temporary planting density is advisable with seeding row spacing 0.6m × 1m,
Line-spacing 1m scribing line is first pressed when temporary planting, is then planted again by the spacing in the rows of 0.6m；
5th step, flat furrow are planted cultivating large seedling:
It taking the next step, after Survival rate of nursery stock, chases after once-combined fertilizer with fertilizer-applicating gun in root system surrounding within every 20~30 days, dose is 50~
60g/ plants, when dry weather, 3~4 fertilizer applying holes are pricked near root system, apply fertilizer 20~30cm of hole depth, and compound fertilizer is used water in advance
It melts, then compound fertilizer solution is chased after in fertilizer applying hole to or directly imposed Liquid Fertilizer, annual early August, two tree on ridge
Between dig that 25cm is deep, dressing furrow of 20cm wide, then apply decomposed farmyard manure and (decide whether again depending on Growth status situation while chasing after 1
Secondary chemical fertilizer), dose is 1.3~1.5m3/667m2；There are two the advantages of flat furrow temporary planting cultivating large seedling, one is increasing soil
Light-receiving area is conducive to the raising of ground temperature；The second is soil permeability is good, especially rainy season rhizosphere not water easy-storing is conducive to root
System's development；
6th step, shaping are tree-like:
It takes the next step, is trimmed to spindle for tree-like, i.e. center does and stays 10~21 major branches, and uniaxial extension does not stay side shoot, in sky
Auxiliary support branch is selected and remain at scarce place, but to control its size, 70~90 ° of major branch base angle, 70~80 ° of haunch, keeps center dry thick with major branch
Degree ratio is 4:1, and the specific practice of finishing is as follows: A, doing 90~100cm, clip coating protectant, after rudiment after seedling planting surely
Retain the 1st bud under clip, erase the 2nd, the 4th bud, prevent competitive branch, the base angle of sent out branch should be maintained at 70~90 °, too small
Answer angle of advanced opening；B, the 2nd year, center was dry and major branch extends secateurs and stays 3/4 or 1/3, after tree body rudiment, and dry remove in center retains under clip
Outside 1st bud, the bud within following 10cm is erased, major branch extends branch and selects and remain the 1st outer bud under clip, erases within following 10cm
Bud, center is dry and major branch extends branch and trimmed by this method, and 1 year raw branch can sprout 7~10, the branch no more than 10cm, colored
Branch rate is 29.8%.
The seedlings being out of the garden using the gold bead sand pear vigorous stock that the present invention cultivates, for general plant height up to 1.8m or more, branch amount is flat
At 22, flower strain rate 100%.
Concrete application embodiment of the invention is as follows:
Luoyang Li Yingxian Guo Ye Co., Ltd creates 200 mu of Demonstration Gardens in 2017, and using tall anvil seedlings orchard establishment, tree vigo(u)r performance is excellent
Good, reaching current year blooms, and two annual bearings, 3 years targets gone into operation, per mu yield in 2018 reaches 300 jin, it is contemplated that mu in 2019
Production is up to 1000 kilograms, in advance three annual earnings, substantially reduces the period risk of agriculture large-scale development.
Part not in the detailed description of the invention is the prior art.
The embodiment selected herein for the open purpose of the present invention, is presently considered to be suitable, still, Ying Liao
Solution, the present invention is intended to include all changes and improvement that all belong to the embodiment in this design and invention scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method for gold bead sand pear, it is characterized in that: the breeding method specifically include it is as follows
Step:
The first step, stock are cultivated:
A, prepare nursery soil:
In annual October~December then 2~3 tons of nursery soil mu organic fertilizer is ploughed nursery soil, put down
It is whole and do small furrow, it is smooth in small furrow after difference in height be 0~5 centimetre；
B, it sows:
Nursery soil carries out size row trench digging after being ready to, and depth of first ditching is 5~6 centimetres, and then mu applies the two of 20~40 kilograms
Amine, then with the full ditch depth of plough earth backing 3~4 centimetres spread birch-leaf pear seed, then earthing is steady and sure and overwintering by pouring water after prepartion of land；
C, seedling management:
It after spring birch-leaf pear nursery stock is unearthed, is loosened the soil to soil and weeding, is filled after birch-leaf pear height of seedling reaches 8~15 centimetres
Water applies 3~8 kilograms of urea per acre when pouring water, water cannot cover seedling top when pouring water, and loosen the soil in time after pouring water, the later period is every
It was once poured water every 15~25 days, imposes 5~15 kilograms of urea per acre while pouring water, filled in annual stopping by the end of August
Water fills primary overwintering water again before annual October~soil in November border is freeze-up；
Second step, bud connect:
It takes the next step, bud is carried out after the beginning of autumn and is connect, it is plastics package rope that bud, which connects item of tying up used, is loosened the soil before bud connects to soil；
Third step is cut and is sent:
It takes the next step, second year the first ten-day period of the March is grafted in scion and wipes out top branch above point at 0.5~5cm, and clip is smeared yellow
Oil, to prevent moisture evaporation, then, when budder sprouting after, carry out soil fertilizer and water management and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control work, until mid-November,
Gold bead sand pear can be grown to 1.2m~1.5m, and seedling fostering is completed；
4th step, the cultivation for being planted seedlings:
It takes the next step, selection seedling age 1 year or more first gold bead sand pear nursery stock is as vigorous stock seedling, the main side root of gold bead sand pear nursery stock
>=8, lateral root length >=24cm, lateral root base portion diameter >=0.52cm, the high 120~130cm of diameter, the thick 1~1.4cm of diameter, shaping strip strengthens bud
>=8, completely, healing anvil stake handles withered stake, and to wipe out healing good for interface healing, is then planted to vigorous stock seedling, when temporary planting
Decomposed organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on temporary planting point first, organic fertilizer and soil are puddled uniformly, then spread one on it and mixed
The vigorous stock seedling that the root system chosen is unfolded is placed on temporary planting point by phoxim pesticide-clay mixture, and seeding row spacing is 0.6m × 1m when temporary planting, so
Flat furrow are done in ridging afterwards, then cover the unregistered land film of 90~100cm wide in heeled-in seedling two sides, and broken mulch is finally removed before freezing；
5th step, flat furrow are planted cultivating large seedling:
It taking the next step, after Survival rate of nursery stock, chases after once-combined fertilizer with fertilizer-applicating gun in root system surrounding within every 20~30 days, dose is 50~
60g/ plants, when dry weather, 3~4 fertilizer applying holes are pricked near root system, apply fertilizer 20~30cm of hole depth, and compound fertilizer is used water in advance
It melts, then compound fertilizer solution is chased after in fertilizer applying hole to or directly imposed Liquid Fertilizer, annual early August, two tree on ridge
Between dig that 25cm is deep, dressing furrow of 20cm wide, then apply decomposed farmyard manure, dose is 1.3~1.5m3/667m2；
6th step, shaping are tree-like:
It takes the next step, is trimmed to spindle for tree-like, i.e. center does and stays 10~21 major branches, and uniaxial extension does not stay side shoot, in sky
Auxiliary support branch is selected and remain at scarce place, but to control its size, 70~90 ° of major branch base angle, 70~80 ° of haunch, keeps center dry thick with major branch
Degree is than being 4:1.
2. the vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method according to claim 1 for gold bead sand pear, it is characterized in that: the first step
The size of medium and small furrow is 0.3~0.5 mu.
3. the vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method according to claim 1 for gold bead sand pear, it is characterized in that: the first step
The size of middle size row trench digging is 30 × 60 centimetres.
4. the vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method according to claim 1 for gold bead sand pear, it is characterized in that: the 4th step
In flat furrow furrow face width be 80cm, be highly 20cm.
5. the vigorous stock big seedling cultivation method according to claim 1 for gold bead sand pear, it is characterized in that: the 6th step
It is middle finishing it is tree-like when clip coating protectant.
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| CN107667747A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-09 | 陆川县泓源蔬菜专业合作社 | The engrafting method of pears |
| CN107926320A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-04-20 | 蒲江县樱红缘农业开发有限公司 | A kind of pear tree high viability field planting method |
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2018
- 2018-10-23 CN CN201811233429.XA patent/CN109380048A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105706824A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-29 | 凉州区林业技术推广中心 | Live-keeping early high-yield cultivation method for crown pears in northwest arid region |
| CN107667747A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-09 | 陆川县泓源蔬菜专业合作社 | The engrafting method of pears |
| CN107926320A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-04-20 | 蒲江县樱红缘农业开发有限公司 | A kind of pear tree high viability field planting method |
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| XV5HX1: "杜梨、胡杨、新疆杨育苗技术", 《百度文库HTTPS://WENKU.BAIDU.COM/VIEW/C094EDC55A8102D277A22FED.HTML》 * |
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Application publication date: 20190226 |