CN109329189B - Modularized ecological aquaculture water treatment method - Google Patents
Modularized ecological aquaculture water treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109329189B CN109329189B CN201811280157.9A CN201811280157A CN109329189B CN 109329189 B CN109329189 B CN 109329189B CN 201811280157 A CN201811280157 A CN 201811280157A CN 109329189 B CN109329189 B CN 109329189B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to a modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method, which comprises the following steps: water in the cultivation unit is discharged into the artificial purification module through a circulating pump for purification; decomposing feces of fishes by microorganisms, and enabling algae and waterweeds to generate photosynthesis to generate oxygen by sunlight; high-speed water flow is generated through the high-flux water inlet pipeline and the high-flux water outlet pipeline, fish schools are gathered in an end-to-end mode near the water inlet pipeline through the phagostimulant, the high-speed water flow flows in the direction from the fish head to the fish tail, excrement adhered to the fish body is cleaned, and pollutants in water are discharged into the ecological purification module through the high-flux pipeline. The water treatment method can lead the high-density aquatic products to be connected end to end against the direction of the high-speed water flow, efficiently scours and purifies the excrement on the aquatic products by the high-speed water flow, and leads the aquatic products to do aerobic movement in the culture module under the action of the oxygen delivery module, thereby leading the aquatic products to grow rapidly and improving the immunity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method.
Background
The controlled container culture mode is a modularized aquaculture mode which is started in recent years, and the aquaculture mode is characterized in that a container is reformed, and devices such as water quality measurement and control, video monitoring, physical filtration, biochemical treatment and constant-temperature oxygen supply are arranged in the container, so that the whole process of aquaculture of fishes, shrimps and the like is accurately monitored, regulated and controlled, and the culture effects of water control, temperature control, seedling control, material control, bacteria control and algae control are realized.
At present, the container culture modes are specifically divided into the following two types: (1) a land-based water-pushing aquaculture system is based on water-land, a container system is adopted to carry out centralized feeding management on fishes, aquaculture sewage generated in the process is filtered and separated in advance, the self-purification capacity of pond water is utilized to degrade harmful substances, and then pond water is pumped back into a container body to complete recycling. The system is usually based on pond water and lake water, and container systems with proper quantity and capacity are constructed nearby the water to form a situation that open water and container closed spaces coexist. (2) The 'one-driving-two culture system' is a culture system consisting of a treatment box and two culture boxes, wherein the treatment box is positioned between the two culture boxes, the treatment box is integrated with the two culture boxes to realize totally-enclosed circulating water culture, and the treatment box comprises system components such as physical filtration, biological purification, ozone sterilization and the like. The aquaculture sewage firstly passes through physical filtering equipment, filters impurities such as excrement and urine, residual bait and the like in water, then is subjected to microbial purification, carries out biological decomposition on harmful substances dissolved in the water, and finally enters the aquaculture box body after sterilization, so that the recycling of aquaculture water is realized.
Although the container culture system can reduce the discharge of culture wastewater and wastes, the culture density is high, the water environment burden is high, if a high-power water circulation system is started for a long time, although the water quality can be effectively purified, water flow activity can be generated in a culture unit, fish flocks are gathered, water quality in partial areas is difficult to circulate and breed bacteria, so that the growth of fishes is influenced, while a low-power water circulation system is difficult to purify the water quality of high-density fish flocks culture, particularly water pollution caused by collective excretion needs long-time water circulation to be purified, and a good water treatment method is not provided at present. Therefore, there is a need to develop a modular ecological aquaculture water treatment process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): general purification: the culture unit is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space by a porous partition plate, water in the culture unit is discharged into the artificial purification module by a circulating pump arranged in a pipeline of the lower layer space, the water in the culture unit is purified, and after purification is finished, the water is discharged into the culture unit from the other side surface of the lower layer space of the culture unit by the circulating pump;
step (2): ecological purification: placing the culture unit in the sunlight, wherein microorganisms, algae and aquatic weeds are arranged in the lower layer space of the culture unit, decomposing the feces of the fishes through the microorganisms, and enabling the algae and the aquatic weeds to generate photosynthesis to generate oxygen through the sunlight;
and (3): deep purification: the high-speed water flow is generated through a plurality of high-flux water inlet pipelines and water outlet pipelines arranged on the side wall of the upper space of the culture unit, fish shoals are gathered end to end near the water inlet pipelines through the phagostimulant arranged on the periphery of the water inlet pipelines, the high-speed water flow flows along the direction from the fish head to the fish tail, excrement adhered to the fish body is cleaned, pollutants in water are discharged into the ecological purification module through the high-flux water discharge pipelines, and when the water quality monitor monitors that the water quality is qualified, deep purification can be stopped.
Preferably, in the step (3), a plurality of food calling channels are arranged in the culture unit, the food calling channels are connected with the water inlet pipeline, and rotary brushes are arranged in the food calling channels; an oxygen generator is arranged in the water inlet pipeline; the phagostimulant is put in through a phagostimulant device, and the phagostimulant device is an atomizer.
In any of the above aspects, it is preferred that the method uses a modular ecological aquaculture water treatment system.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the modular ecological aquaculture water treatment system comprises a culture module, a circulation module, an artificial purification module, a high-speed water flow module, a pressurization module and an oxygen delivery module; the culture module, the circulation module and the artificial purification module form a circulation loop, and the culture module, the high-speed water flow module and the artificial purification module form a circulation loop; the oxygen therapy module is connected with the high-speed water flow module, and the pressurization module is arranged above the culture module.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, a culture unit, an ecological purification module, a monitoring module and an induction module are arranged in the culture module; the culture unit is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space, the upper layer space and the lower layer space are separated by a porous baffle, a plurality of through holes are formed in the porous baffle, and the through holes can be opened or closed; the upper space is used for culturing aquatic products.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the circulation module includes a water-changing pump and a circulation loop, two ends of the circulation loop are respectively connected with two ends of the lower space of the culture unit through pipelines, and the water-changing pump is arranged in the pipelines.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the ecological purification module is arranged in the lower space of the culture unit and comprises algae and aquatic weeds; the artificial purification module is arranged in the circulation loop and comprises a filtering device, a precision filter and a sterilization device; the monitoring module is arranged on the side wall of the upper space of the culture unit and comprises a water environment detector.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the high-speed water flow module comprises a high-flux pipeline which is respectively connected with the culture unit and the artificial purification module; the high flux pipeline is arranged in the upper space of the culture unit and internally provided with a high-power drainage pump; the high flux pipelines for water inlet of the culture units are arranged in a plurality of lines and are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the upper space of the culture units.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the inducing module is arranged on the inner wall of the culture unit at the periphery of the high flux pipeline for water inflow, and comprises an atomizer and a feed trough.
In any of the above aspects, preferably, the oxygen delivery module is disposed in a water inlet pipeline of the cultivation unit and comprises an oxygen generator; the pressurizing module includes an air pressurizer.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the filtering device is a filter screen, the precision filter is an activated carbon filtering layer, and the sterilizing device is an ozone generator; the water environment detector comprises a dissolved oxygen detector, an ammonia nitrogen detector, a turbidity detector, a pH detector and a water temperature detector.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the culture unit is a closed structure, and is made of transparent glass; and a stainless steel net is arranged at the connecting part of the culture unit and the pipeline.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the outer periphery of the culture unit is provided with a lifting baffle.
The modularized ecological aquaculture water treatment method can lead high-density aquaculture water to be connected end to end against the direction of high-speed water flow through the comprehensive action of the induction module and the high-speed water flow module, and efficiently scour and purify excrement on the aquaculture water through the high-speed water flow, meanwhile, the aquaculture water keeps a counter-current state in the high-speed water flow, and the aquaculture water makes aerobic motion in the aquaculture module through the action of the oxygen delivery module, so that the aquaculture water can grow rapidly and the immunity is improved.
The modular ecological aquaculture water treatment system has a simple structure, is easy to disassemble and assemble, can efficiently wash high-density aquatic products from head to tail through high-flow-rate water flow, thoroughly wash and purify excrement stuck on the aquatic products, can enable the aquatic products to perform aerobic activities in the washing process, and can accelerate the growth of the aquatic products and improve the immunity of the aquatic products.
Taking fishes in aquatic products as an example, because the density of fish schools in a container is high and excrement discharged by the fish schools is generally uniformly discharged, firstly, the circulating module and the purifying module (comprising the artificial purifying module and the ecological purifying module) arranged in the invention can purify water quality when the fish schools do not discharge the excrement, and when the fish schools discharge the excrement, the baffle on the partition plate of the culture unit is closed, the high-speed convection module, the inducing module and the oxygen transferring module are opened, and the high-speed convection module can form high-speed water flow on the upper layer of the culture unit. The induction module is arranged at the water inlet, attracts fishes to move forward against the water flow direction and gather at the water inlet in an end-to-end mode, so that excrement which cannot be cleaned on the fish body can be cleaned and the fish school can move, the meat quality of the fishes can be improved (the immunity and the tolerance of the fish school can be improved due to the long-time movement of the fish school, the physique of the fishes is improved during water treatment, and the fishes grow more rapidly and have stronger immunity). Meanwhile, the fish can consume a lot of oxygen in movement, the oxygen generating device starts to operate to provide oxygen for fish schools, and the pressurizing module increases pressure to the upper end of the water surface of the closed breeding module, so that not only can the oxygen in the water not overflow, but also the flowing speed and the water purifying efficiency of water flow can be improved.
The system and the method for treating the modularized ecological aquaculture water are applied to a modularized ecological aquaculture system, the aquaculture system comprises a plurality of aquaculture units and a plurality of multifunctional units, the aquaculture units are arranged in parallel through pipelines, the multifunctional units are arranged in series through pipelines, and the multifunctional units are connected in parallel with the aquaculture units through pipelines after being connected in series; the multifunctional unit comprises a comprehensive control unit and a water treatment unit, a bait production unit, a bait feeding unit, a water quality monitoring unit and a secondary treatment unit which are connected in sequence; synthesize the management and control unit and be connected with water treatment unit, bait production unit, bait input unit, water quality monitoring unit, secondary processing unit, breed unit.
The multifunctional unit is characterized in that an equipment area, a test area, a monitoring area and a management area are arranged in the comprehensive control unit, a comprehensive controller is arranged in the equipment area, and the comprehensive controller is connected with the multifunctional modules in the multifunctional unit respectively. A water treatment module is arranged in the water treatment unit and comprises a water circulation module and a water purification module; the water circulation module comprises a circulation pump and the water purification module comprises a filtration membrane and/or a decomposing microorganism. The inside of bait production unit is provided with bait production module, bait production module includes animal bait module, plant bait module and artificial bait module. The inside of water quality monitoring unit is provided with water quality monitoring module, water quality monitoring module includes water quality monitoring ware. The inside of secondary treatment unit is provided with the secondary treatment module, the secondary treatment module includes ozone generating device. The inside of breeding the unit is provided with temperature control module, temperature control module includes temperature sensor and heater. The inside of breeding the unit is provided with the monitoring module, the monitoring module includes the camera.
The bait production unit is internally provided with a modular ecological active bait production system, the production system comprises an animal bait module, a plant bait module, an artificial bait module, a combined module and a cultivation module, the cultivation module comprises a cultivation box, the cultivation box is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space, a porous partition plate is arranged between the upper layer space and the lower layer space, the upper layer space of the cultivation box is used for cultivating aquatic products, and the lower layer space of the cultivation box is used for placing the animal bait module and the plant bait module; the animal bait module and the plant bait module are connected with the combined module, and the artificial bait module is connected with the combined module; the combined module is connected with a coating machine. The culture box is made of transparent glass, and microorganisms for decomposing aquatic manure are added in the lower-layer space of the culture box.
The production system of the modularized ecological active bait is utilized to produce the ecological active bait, and the production method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): the method comprises the following steps of dividing a culture box in a production system into an upper layer space and a lower layer space through a porous partition plate, respectively putting animal baits and plant baits into an animal bait module and a plant bait module of the lower layer space, and putting cultured aquatic products into the upper layer space;
step (2): adding microorganisms for decomposing aquatic excrement into the lower-layer space of the culture box;
and (3): the growth of animal baits and plant baits is promoted through the whole environment;
and (4): the method comprises the steps of respectively putting the grown animal baits and the plant baits into the combined module, putting the artificial baits into the combined module, mixing the three baits, coating by using a coating machine to form ecological active baits, and then performing odorization treatment outside the coating.
The coating is a film coating. The aperture of the porous partition board is smaller than any value of the length, the width and the height of the animal feed. The breeding box is placed in a position with illumination, and the lower part of the side surface of the breeding box is provided with an opening.
The bait comprises animal bait, plant bait, artificial bait, film coating and flavoring agent; the bait comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of animal bait, 10-15 parts of plant bait, 5-10 parts of artificial bait, 0.5-1 part of film coating and 0.1-0.3 part of flavoring agent.
The artificial bait comprises probiotics, chelated iron elements and spinach powder; the artificial bait comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of probiotics, 1-10 parts of chelated iron element and 5-20 parts of spinach powder, wherein the adding amount ratio of the probiotics to the chelated iron element to the spinach powder is 1-3:0.5-1: 1-3. The probiotics are probiotic powder.
The animal feed comprises red worms, earthworms and water lice; the adding amount ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice is 1:1: 0.1-0.3; the plant bait comprises chlorella and aquatic weeds; the addition ratio of the chlorella to the aquatic weed is 1: 0.1-0.4.
The preparation method of the ecological bait comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): preparing various substances in the animal bait according to a certain proportion, preparing various substances in the plant bait according to a certain proportion, and culturing the prepared animal bait and the prepared plant bait in a symbiotic environment;
step (2): freeze-drying the cultured animal baits and plant baits, and respectively grinding the animal baits and the plant baits into powder to obtain animal bait powder and plant bait powder;
and (3): weighing probiotics, chelated iron elements and spinach powder according to a certain proportion, uniformly mixing the probiotics and the spinach powder, and coating the mixture by using a film coating; spraying the chelated iron element outside the film coating;
and (4): mixing the coating substance prepared in the step (3) with animal bait powder and plant bait powder, and coating the mixture by using a film coating;
and (5): spraying flavoring agent and chelated iron element outside the coating material prepared in the step (4) to obtain the ecological bait.
The symbiotic environment is a double-layer water environment structure, and an upper layer space and a lower layer space of the double-layer water environment structure are separated through a porous partition plate. The upper layer space of the double-layer water environment structure is used for cultivating aquatic products, and the lower layer space of the double-layer water environment structure is used for cultivating animal baits and plant baits.
The inside of bait input unit is provided with bait input module, bait input module includes the swirl deconcentrator.
The bait feeding unit is internally provided with a feeding device which comprises a feeding crawler, a steam generator, a flavoring agent adding hopper and a stirring pool, wherein the steam generator and the flavoring agent adding hopper are positioned above the feeding crawler, and the stirring pool is positioned at one end of the feeding crawler. The improved feeding device is characterized in that a support rod is arranged below the feeding crawler, a steam nozzle is arranged below the steam generator, a flavoring agent spraying head is arranged below the flavoring agent feeding hopper, and a stirrer is arranged in the stirring pool.
The method for feeding ecological baits by using the feeding device comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): uniformly and flatly paving the prepared ecological bait on a feeding track of a feeding device;
step (2): with the movement of the feeding crawler, the ecological bait is brought below the steam generator for steam heat treatment; with the further movement of the feeding crawler, the ecological bait is brought below the flavoring agent feeding hopper to be rapidly sprayed with the flavoring agent;
and (3): with the further movement of the feeding crawler belt, quickly bringing the ecological baits obtained in the step (2) into the stirring pool, and uniformly dispersing the ecological baits in the stirring pool through a stirrer in the stirring pool;
and (4): and discharging the water carrying the ecological bait in the stirring pond into a plurality of culture units of the ecological aquaculture system.
The modular ecological aquaculture system has the advantages of high density, zero emission, environmental protection, high efficiency and long term, and can be arranged in different forms according to the conditions of climate, water quality, water resources, markets and the like in different geographical areas. Compared with the prior art, the culture system has the following beneficial effects: (1) the pressure of water environment pollution caused by high culture density can be effectively solved through the combination of different functional units; (2) the problems of uneven feeding and instant oxygen deficiency caused by high aquatic product density of the aquaculture system are solved through the bait feeding unit, so that the cultured aquatic products can grow uniformly and healthily; (3) the prepared feed can be sterilized for the second time through the secondary treatment unit, so that the safety of the feed is ensured; (4) the modularized ecological aquaculture system is simple in structure, scientific in connection, complete in function and remarkable in effect, solves the problems caused by high aquaculture density in the existing aquaculture systems, is safe and environment-friendly, is very convenient to use, and can find that the weight of the aquatic products cultured by the modularized ecological aquaculture system is increased by not less than 15% and the meat quality is delicious compared with the aquatic products cultured by the existing aquaculture systems through actual comparison.
The modular ecological active bait production system provided by the invention has the advantages that the animal bait and the plant bait are cultured in the aquaculture unit, so that not only is equipment for culturing the bait saved, but also water purification is carried out in the aquaculture unit while the bait is cultured, the production system can be directly connected with the aquaculture system, and real-time production and real-time feeding can be carried out according to the condition of the aquatic products; in addition, the bait produced by the system is wrapped by different coatings on different components, so that the bait produced by the invention can keep the original shape and nutritional components when entering a water circulation system, and has strong attraction and nutritional components for aquatic products.
The ecological bait related by the invention not only is ecological and environment-friendly and has high nutritive value, but also can improve the immunity of aquatic products, and solves the problems of uneven feeding and low feeding efficiency caused by oxygen deficiency in the collective feeding of aquatic products, by combining the probiotics, the spinach powder and the chelated iron element in the coating, can prevent the powder components from collapsing in water, so that the synergistic effect of the three components is fully exerted, firstly, the cell activity of the aquatic product is improved by the trace elements in the spinach powder, thereby improving the absorption of the aquatic products to the nutrient components in the probiotics and the bait, improving the oxygen consumption when the high-density aquatic products take food collectively, causing the water environment to be anoxic, improving the synthesis of the red blood cells of the aquatic products by chelating iron elements, thereby improving the oxygen content in the blood of the aquatic products and the capability of conveying oxygen, providing enough power for the aquatic products, and finally the absorbed probiotics can improve the immunity of the fish and the absorption capability of the bait nutrition. The iron chelate elements are of various types, such as iron amino acid chelates.
Compared with the aquatic products fed by the ecological baits, the aquatic products fed by the ecological baits not only have obviously improved volume, but also are more active, and have delicious meat and strong immunity.
The aquatic product consumes a lot of energy when being fed in a collective way, so that the oxygen consumption of the aquatic product is improved, a transient anoxic environment of the aquatic product can be caused, the synthesis of hemoglobin of the aquatic product is improved by chelating iron elements, and the oxygen content of blood in the aquatic product and the oxygen conveying capacity are improved; the microelements contained in spinach can promote cell activity by stimulating mitochondrion proliferation in biological cells, so that aquatic products can be stabbed to absorb nutritional ingredients in probiotics and bait, thereby accelerating growth and improving immunity.
The ecological bait feeding method is simple, convenient and obvious in effect, can be used for uniformly distributing the bait in water and feeding the bait into the culture unit, solves the problem of nonuniform feed distribution in high-density aquaculture in the prior art, can remove bacteria and microorganisms of the ecological bait by carrying out hot steam treatment and flavor enhancement treatment on the bait with powder inside the coating, can improve the water-resistant time of the powder in the ecological bait, namely keeps the ecological bait integral and does not break away in the water, and improves the bait absorption capacity and feeding efficiency of aquatic products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the modules of a water treatment system in a preferred embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture water treatment process according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the modules in the modular ecological aquaculture system of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the integrated controller and the multi-function module of the modular ecological aquaculture system of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the modules in the system for producing modular ecological active bait according to the embodiment shown in fig. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the ecological bait feeding device in the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
The figures are labeled as follows: 1-flavoring agent adding hopper, 11-flavoring agent spraying head, 2-steam generator, 21-steam nozzle, 3-feeding crawler belt, 4-support rod and 5-stirring pool.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be further understood, the invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in figures 1-5, the modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method according to the invention comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): general purification: the culture unit is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space by a porous partition plate, water in the culture unit is discharged into the artificial purification module by a circulating pump arranged in a pipeline of the lower layer space, the water in the culture unit is purified, and after purification is finished, the water is discharged into the culture unit from the other side surface of the lower layer space of the culture unit by the circulating pump;
step (2): ecological purification: placing the culture unit in the sunlight, wherein microorganisms, algae and aquatic weeds are arranged in the lower layer space of the culture unit, decomposing the feces of the fishes through the microorganisms, and enabling the algae and the aquatic weeds to generate photosynthesis to generate oxygen through the sunlight;
and (3): deep purification: the high-speed water flow is generated through a plurality of high-flux water inlet pipelines and water outlet pipelines arranged on the side wall of the upper space of the culture unit, fish shoals are gathered end to end near the water inlet pipelines through the phagostimulant arranged on the periphery of the water inlet pipelines, the high-speed water flow flows along the direction from the fish head to the fish tail, excrement adhered to the fish body is cleaned, pollutants in water are discharged into the ecological purification module through the high-flux water discharge pipelines, and when the water quality monitor monitors that the water quality is qualified, deep purification can be stopped.
In the step (3), a plurality of food calling channels are arranged in the culture unit, the food calling channels are connected with the water inlet pipeline, and rotary brushes are arranged in the food calling channels; an oxygen generator is arranged in the water inlet pipeline; the phagostimulant is put in through a phagostimulant device, and the phagostimulant device is an atomizer.
The water treatment method of the embodiment uses a modularized ecological aquaculture water treatment system, and the system comprises a culture module, a circulation module, an artificial purification module, a high-speed water flow module, a pressurization module and an oxygen therapy module; the culture module, the circulation module and the artificial purification module form a circulation loop, and the culture module, the high-speed water flow module and the artificial purification module form a circulation loop; the oxygen therapy module is connected with the high-speed water flow module, and the pressurization module is arranged above the culture module.
A culture unit, an ecological purification module, a monitoring module and an induction module are arranged in the culture module; the culture unit is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space, the upper layer space and the lower layer space are separated by a porous baffle, a plurality of through holes are formed in the porous baffle, and the through holes can be opened or closed; the upper space is used for culturing aquatic products.
The circulation module comprises a water changing pump and a circulation loop, two ends of the circulation loop are respectively connected with two ends of the lower-layer space of the culture unit through pipelines, and the water changing pump is arranged in the pipelines.
The ecological purification module is arranged in the lower layer space of the culture unit and comprises algae and aquatic weeds; the artificial purification module is arranged in the circulation loop and comprises a filtering device, a precision filter and a sterilization device; the monitoring module is arranged on the side wall of the upper space of the culture unit and comprises a water environment detector.
The high-speed water flow module comprises a high-flux pipeline which is respectively connected with the culture unit and the artificial purification module; the high flux pipeline is arranged in the upper space of the culture unit and internally provided with a high-power drainage pump; the high flux pipelines for water inlet of the culture units are arranged in a plurality of lines and are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the upper space of the culture units.
The induction module set up in breed the periphery that the unit inner wall is located the high flux pipeline of intaking, it includes atomizer and manger.
The oxygen delivery module is arranged in a water inlet pipeline of the culture unit and comprises an oxygen generator; the pressurizing module includes an air pressurizer.
The filter device is a filter screen, the precision filter is an activated carbon filter layer, and the sterilization device is an ozone generator; the water environment detector comprises a dissolved oxygen detector, an ammonia nitrogen detector, a turbidity detector, a pH detector and a water temperature detector. The culture unit is of a closed structure and is made of transparent glass; and a stainless steel net is arranged at the connecting part of the culture unit and the pipeline. The periphery of the culture unit is provided with a lifting baffle.
The system and the method for treating the modularized ecological aquaculture water are applied to a modularized ecological aquaculture system, the aquaculture system comprises a plurality of aquaculture units and a plurality of multifunctional units, the aquaculture units are arranged in parallel through pipelines, the multifunctional units are arranged in series through pipelines, and the multifunctional units are connected in parallel with the aquaculture units through pipelines after being connected in series; the multifunctional unit comprises a comprehensive control unit and a water treatment unit, a bait production unit, a bait feeding unit, a water quality monitoring unit and a secondary treatment unit which are connected in sequence; synthesize the management and control unit and be connected with water treatment unit, bait production unit, bait input unit, water quality monitoring unit, secondary processing unit, breed unit.
The multifunctional unit is characterized in that an equipment area, a test area, a monitoring area and a management area are arranged in the comprehensive control unit, a comprehensive controller is arranged in the equipment area, and the comprehensive controller is connected with the multifunctional modules in the multifunctional unit respectively. A water treatment module is arranged in the water treatment unit and comprises a water circulation module and a water purification module; the water circulation module comprises a circulation pump and the water purification module comprises a filtration membrane and/or a decomposing microorganism. The inside of bait production unit is provided with bait production module, bait production module includes animal bait module, plant bait module and artificial bait module. The inside of water quality monitoring unit is provided with water quality monitoring module, water quality monitoring module includes water quality monitoring ware. The inside of secondary treatment unit is provided with the secondary treatment module, the secondary treatment module includes ozone generating device. The inside of breeding the unit is provided with temperature control module, temperature control module includes temperature sensor and heater. The inside of breeding the unit is provided with the monitoring module, the monitoring module includes the camera.
The bait production unit is internally provided with a modular ecological active bait production system, the production system comprises an animal bait module, a plant bait module, an artificial bait module, a combined module and a cultivation module, the cultivation module comprises a cultivation box, the cultivation box is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space, a porous partition plate is arranged between the upper layer space and the lower layer space, the upper layer space of the cultivation box is used for cultivating aquatic products, and the lower layer space of the cultivation box is used for placing the animal bait module and the plant bait module; the animal bait module and the plant bait module are connected with the combined module, and the artificial bait module is connected with the combined module; the combined module is connected with a coating machine. The culture box is made of transparent glass, and microorganisms for decomposing aquatic manure are added in the lower-layer space of the culture box.
The production system of the modularized ecological active bait is utilized to produce the ecological active bait, and the production method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): the method comprises the following steps of dividing a culture box in a production system into an upper layer space and a lower layer space through a porous partition plate, respectively putting animal baits and plant baits into an animal bait module and a plant bait module of the lower layer space, and putting cultured aquatic products into the upper layer space;
step (2): adding microorganisms for decomposing aquatic excrement into the lower-layer space of the culture box;
and (3): the growth of animal baits and plant baits is promoted through the whole environment;
and (4): the method comprises the steps of respectively putting the grown animal baits and the plant baits into the combined module, putting the artificial baits into the combined module, mixing the three baits, coating by using a coating machine to form ecological active baits, and then performing odorization treatment outside the coating.
The coating is a film coating. The aperture of the porous partition board is smaller than any value of the length, the width and the height of the animal feed. The breeding box is placed in a position with illumination, and the lower part of the side surface of the breeding box is provided with an opening.
The ecological baits comprise animal baits and plant baits; the ecological bait also comprises artificial bait, a film coating and a flavoring agent; the ecological bait comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 15 parts of animal bait, 10 parts of plant bait, 5 parts of artificial bait, 0.5 part of film coating and 0.1 part of flavoring agent.
The artificial bait comprises probiotics, chelated iron elements and spinach powder; the ratio of the addition amount of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder is 1:0.5:1, namely, the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 5 parts of probiotics, 2.5 parts of chelated iron elements and 5 parts of spinach powder. The probiotics are probiotic powder.
The animal feed comprises red worms, earthworms and water lice; the addition ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice is 1:1: 0.1. The plant bait comprises chlorella and aquatic weeds; the addition ratio of the chlorella to the aquatic weed is 1: 0.1.
The preparation method of the ecological bait comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): preparing all substances in the animal bait according to the proportion, preparing all substances in the plant bait according to the proportion, and culturing the prepared animal bait and plant bait through a symbiotic environment;
step (2): freeze-drying the cultured animal baits and plant baits, and respectively grinding the animal baits and the plant baits into powder to obtain animal bait powder and plant bait powder;
and (3): weighing probiotics, chelated iron elements and spinach powder according to the proportion, uniformly mixing the probiotics and the spinach powder, and coating the mixture by using a film coating; spraying the chelated iron element outside the film coating;
and (4): mixing the coating substance prepared in the step (3) with animal bait powder and plant bait powder, and coating the mixture by using a film coating;
and (5): spraying flavoring agent and chelated iron element outside the coating material prepared in the step (4) to obtain the ecological bait.
The symbiotic environment is a double-layer water environment structure, and an upper layer space and a lower layer space of the double-layer water environment structure are separated through a porous partition plate. The upper layer space of the double-layer water environment structure is used for cultivating aquatic products, and the lower layer space of the double-layer water environment structure is used for cultivating animal baits and plant baits.
The inside of bait input unit is provided with bait input module, bait input module includes the swirl deconcentrator.
Be equipped with in the bait feeding unit and throw the material device, it includes that charging track 3, steam generator 2, odorant add fill 1 and stirring pond 5, steam generator 2 with odorant add fill 1 and be located charging track 3's top, stirring pond 5 is located charging track 3's one end. The lower part of the feeding crawler 3 is provided with a support rod 4, the lower part of the steam generator 2 is provided with a steam nozzle 21, the lower part of the flavoring agent feeding hopper 1 is provided with a flavoring agent spraying head 11, and a stirrer is arranged in the stirring pool 5.
The method for feeding ecological baits by using the feeding device comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): uniformly and flatly paving the prepared ecological bait on a feeding track of a feeding device;
step (2): with the movement of the feeding crawler, the ecological bait is brought below the steam generator for steam heat treatment; with the further movement of the feeding crawler, the ecological bait is brought below the flavoring agent feeding hopper to be rapidly sprayed with the flavoring agent;
and (3): with the further movement of the feeding crawler belt, quickly bringing the ecological baits obtained in the step (2) into the stirring pool, and uniformly dispersing the ecological baits in the stirring pool through a stirrer in the stirring pool;
and (4): and discharging the water carrying the ecological bait in the stirring pond into a plurality of culture units of the ecological aquaculture system.
The modularized ecological aquaculture water treatment method of the embodiment can lead the high-density aquatic products to be connected end to end along the direction of the high-speed water flow through the comprehensive action of the induction module and the high-speed water flow module, and then efficiently scours and purifies the excrement on the aquatic products through the high-speed water flow, meanwhile, the aquatic products keep the counter-current state in the high-speed water flow, and the aquatic products are in aerobic motion in the aquaculture module through the action of the oxygen delivery module, so that the aquatic products can be rapidly grown and the immunity is improved.
The ecological aquaculture water processing system of modularization of this embodiment, its simple structure, easily dismouting not only can carry out from the high efficiency of head to the tail to the aquatic products of high density through the rivers of high velocity of flow and erode, carry out thorough washing and purification to the excrement of pasting on the aquatic products body, can make aquatic products carry out aerobic activity at the in-process that erodees moreover, the growth of the aquatic products of speeding up is and improve aquatic products immunity.
Example two:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method of the invention, the steps, corresponding systems, principles, beneficial effects and the like are the same as those of the implementation one, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 20 parts of animal baits, 15 parts of plant baits, 10 parts of artificial baits, 1 part of film coatings and 0.3 part of flavoring agents.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 1:1:1, namely, the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 10 parts of probiotics, 10 parts of chelated iron elements and 10 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.3. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.4.
The modular ecological aquaculture system and method, the ecological bait preparation method, the modular ecological active bait production system and method, the ecological bait feeding method and device and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example three:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method of the invention, the steps, corresponding systems, principles, beneficial effects and the like are the same as those of the implementation one, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 18 parts of animal bait, 12 parts of plant bait, 8 parts of artificial bait, 0.8 part of film coating and 0.2 part of flavoring agent.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 3:0.5:3, namely the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 20 parts of probiotics, 3.3 parts of chelated iron elements and 20 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.2. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.2.
The modular ecological aquaculture system and method, the ecological bait preparation method, the modular ecological active bait production system and method, the ecological bait feeding method and device and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example four:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method of the invention, the steps, corresponding systems, principles, beneficial effects and the like are the same as those of the implementation one, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 17 parts of animal baits, 11 parts of plant baits, 6 parts of artificial baits, 0.6 part of film coatings and 0.15 part of flavoring agents.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 3:1:3, namely the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 18 parts of probiotics, 6 parts of chelated iron elements and 18 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.15. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.15.
The modular ecological aquaculture system and method, the ecological bait preparation method, the modular ecological active bait production system and method, the ecological bait feeding method and device and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example five:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method of the invention, the steps, corresponding systems, principles, beneficial effects and the like are the same as those of the implementation one, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 19 parts of animal bait, 14 parts of plant bait, 9 parts of artificial bait, 0.9 part of film coating and 0.25 part of flavoring agent.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 2:0.5:2, namely the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 16 parts of probiotics, 4 parts of chelated iron elements and 16 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.25. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.3.
The modular ecological aquaculture system and method, the ecological bait preparation method, the modular ecological active bait production system and method, the ecological bait feeding method and device and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example six:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method of the invention, the steps, corresponding systems, principles, beneficial effects and the like are the same as those of the implementation one, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 16 parts of animal baits, 13 parts of plant baits, 7 parts of artificial baits, 0.7 part of film coatings and 0.2 part of flavoring agents.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 2:1:2, namely the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 14 parts of probiotics, 7 parts of chelated iron elements and 14 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.28. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.35.
The modular ecological aquaculture system and method, the ecological bait preparation method, the modular ecological active bait production system and method, the ecological bait feeding method and device and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method of the present invention comprises any combination of the inventive content and the detailed description of the present specification and the parts shown in the drawings, which are limited to space and not described in any way for the sake of brevity. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): general purification: the culture unit is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space by a porous partition plate, water in the culture unit is discharged into the artificial purification module by a circulating pump arranged in a pipeline of the lower layer space, the water in the culture unit is purified, and after purification is finished, the water is discharged into the culture unit from the other side surface of the lower layer space of the culture unit by the circulating pump;
step (2): ecological purification: placing the culture unit in the sunlight, wherein microorganisms, algae and aquatic weeds are arranged in the lower layer space of the culture unit, decomposing the feces of the fishes through the microorganisms, and enabling the algae and the aquatic weeds to generate photosynthesis to generate oxygen through the sunlight;
and (3): deep purification: high-speed water flow is generated through a plurality of high-flux water inlet pipelines and water outlet pipelines arranged on the side wall of the upper space of the culture unit, fish schools are gathered in an end-to-end mode near the water inlet pipelines through phagostimulant arranged on the periphery of the water inlet pipelines, the high-speed water flow flows along the direction from the fish head to the fish tail, excrement adhered to the lower fish body is cleaned, pollutants in water are discharged into the ecological purification module through the water discharge high-flux pipelines, and when the water quality is monitored by the water quality monitor to be qualified, deep purification can be stopped;
the method uses a modular ecological aquaculture water treatment system;
the modularized ecological aquaculture water treatment system comprises a culture module, a circulation module, an ecological purification module, a high-speed water flow module, a pressurization module and an oxygen delivery module; the culture module, the circulation module and the ecological purification module form a circulation loop, and the culture module, the high-speed water flow module and the ecological purification module form a circulation loop; the oxygen delivery module is connected with the high-speed water flow module, and the pressurizing module is arranged above the culture module;
a culture unit, an ecological purification module, a monitoring module and an induction module are arranged in the culture module; the culture unit is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space, the upper layer space and the lower layer space are separated by a porous partition plate, a plurality of through holes are formed in the porous partition plate, and the through holes can be opened or closed; the upper space is used for culturing aquatic products.
2. The modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), a plurality of food calling channels are arranged in the aquaculture unit, the food calling channels are connected with the water inlet pipeline, and rotating brushes are arranged in the food calling channels; an oxygen generator is arranged in the water inlet pipeline; the phagostimulant is put in through a phagostimulant device, and the phagostimulant device is an atomizer.
3. The modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method of claim 1, characterized in that: the circulation module comprises a circulation pump and a circulation loop, two ends of the circulation loop are respectively connected with two ends of the lower-layer space of the culture unit through pipelines, and the circulation pump is arranged in the pipelines.
4. The modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method of claim 3, characterized in that: the ecological purification module is arranged in the lower-layer space of the culture unit and comprises algae and aquatic weeds; the artificial purification module is arranged in the circulation loop and comprises a filtering device, a precision filter and a sterilization device; the monitoring module is arranged on the side wall of the upper space of the culture unit and comprises a water environment detector.
5. The modular ecological aquaculture water treatment method of claim 4, characterized in that: the high-speed water flow module comprises a high-flux pipeline which is respectively connected with the culture unit and the ecological purification module; the high flux pipeline is arranged in the upper space of the culture unit and internally provided with a high-power drainage pump; the high flux pipelines for water inlet of the culture units are arranged in a plurality of lines and are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the upper space of the culture units.
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| CN107136003A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-08 | 贵州黔聚隆农业科技开发有限公司 | One kind circulates pond of breeding fish |
| CN206994124U (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2018-02-13 | 浙江恒泽生态农业科技有限公司 | Crawl enhancement of environment system |
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