CN109329184B - Modularized ecological aquaculture method - Google Patents
Modularized ecological aquaculture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109329184B CN109329184B CN201811278354.7A CN201811278354A CN109329184B CN 109329184 B CN109329184 B CN 109329184B CN 201811278354 A CN201811278354 A CN 201811278354A CN 109329184 B CN109329184 B CN 109329184B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a modularized ecological aquaculture method, which comprises the following steps: purifying the water quality of an external water source through a water treatment unit, and enabling the purified water to enter a bait production unit through a circulating device; preparing plant bait, animal bait and artificial bait to obtain mixed ecological bait; the bait is intensively dispersed through the bait feeding device, so that the bait is uniformly dispersed in the water; the water carrying the uniformly distributed baits enters a water quality monitoring unit, the water quality monitoring unit detects the water carrying the uniformly distributed baits, and the detected water flow continues to move forward and enters a secondary treatment unit; when the water quality of the water quality monitoring unit is qualified, the water carrying the uniformly distributed baits enters the culture unit from the secondary treatment unit. Compared with the existing aquaculture methods, the modularized ecological aquaculture method not only obviously reduces pollutants in water quality, especially pollutants after collective defecation of aquatic products, but also has the oxygen content in water during feeding which is obviously higher than that in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a modular ecological aquaculture method.
Background
The controlled container culture mode is a modularized aquaculture mode which is started in recent years, and the aquaculture mode is characterized in that a container is modified, and devices such as water quality measurement and control, video monitoring, physical filtration, biochemical treatment, constant-temperature oxygen supply and the like are installed in the container, so that the whole process of aquaculture is accurately monitored, regulated, controlled and managed, and the culture effects of water control, temperature control, seedling control, material control, bacteria control and algae control are realized.
At present, the container culture modes are specifically divided into the following two types: (1) a land-based water-pushing aquaculture system is based on water-land, a container system is adopted to carry out centralized feeding management on aquatic products, aquaculture sewage generated in the process is filtered and separated in advance, the self-purification capacity of pond water is utilized to degrade harmful substances, and then pond water is pumped back into a container body to complete recycling. The system is usually based on pond water and lake water, and container systems with proper quantity and capacity are constructed nearby the water to form a situation that open water and container closed spaces coexist. (2) The 'one-driving-two culture system' is a culture system consisting of a treatment box and two culture boxes, wherein the treatment box is positioned between the two culture boxes, the treatment box is integrated with the two culture boxes to realize totally-enclosed circulating water culture, and the treatment box comprises system components such as physical filtration, biological purification, ozone sterilization and the like. The aquaculture sewage firstly passes through physical filtering equipment, filters impurities such as excrement and urine, residual bait and the like in water, then is subjected to microbial purification, carries out biological decomposition on harmful substances dissolved in the water, and finally enters the aquaculture box body after sterilization, so that the recycling of aquaculture water is realized.
Although the container culture mode can reduce the discharge of culture waste water and waste and reduce the pollution of organic matters in the culture process, a plurality of defects still exist, such as the problems of frequent diseases and uneven feeding caused by high culture density, and therefore, a modular ecological aquaculture method needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a modularized ecological aquaculture method, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): checking the tightness of the modularized ecological aquaculture system, purifying the water quality of an external water source through a water treatment unit, and enabling the purified water to enter a bait production unit through circulating equipment;
step (2): in the bait production unit, plant bait, animal bait and artificial bait are prepared to obtain mixed ecological bait, and the mixed ecological bait and purified water are dissolved in the bait production unit;
and (3): the water carries the bait to enter a bait throwing unit, and the bait is intensively dispersed in the bait throwing unit through a bait throwing device so as to be uniformly dispersed in the water;
and (4): the water carrying the uniformly distributed baits enters a water quality monitoring unit, and then is detected by a water quality monitor; the detected water flow continues to advance and enters a secondary treatment unit;
and (5): when the water quality of the water quality monitoring unit is qualified, the water carrying the uniformly distributed baits enters the culture unit from the secondary treatment unit; when the water quality of the water quality monitoring unit is unqualified, the secondary treatment unit starts the water treatment device for secondary purification, and then the water carrying uniformly distributed baits enters the culture unit from the secondary treatment unit;
and (6): the aquatic products in the culture unit begin to eat, and the polluted water generated by the excrement of the aquatic products enters the water treatment unit to complete the circulation;
and (7): removing the culture unit from the modular ecological aquaculture system, discharging the aquatic product in the culture unit, and then restoring the culture unit to the original position;
and (8): and (4) repeating the steps (1) to (7).
Preferably, the modularized ecological aquaculture system comprises a plurality of aquaculture units and a plurality of multifunctional units, wherein the aquaculture units are arranged in parallel through pipelines, the multifunctional units are arranged in series through pipelines, and the multifunctional units are connected in parallel with the aquaculture units through pipelines after being connected in series; the multifunctional unit comprises a comprehensive control unit and a water treatment unit, a bait production unit, a bait feeding unit, a water quality monitoring unit and a secondary treatment unit which are connected in sequence; the comprehensive control unit is connected with the water treatment unit, the bait production unit, the bait feeding unit, the water quality monitoring unit, the secondary treatment unit and the culture unit; all units are connected through pipelines, and circulating pumps are arranged on the pipelines.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the inside of the integrated control unit is provided with an equipment area, a test area, a monitoring area and a management area, the equipment area is internally provided with an integrated controller, and the integrated controller is respectively connected with the multifunctional modules in the multifunctional unit.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, a water treatment module is arranged inside the water treatment unit, and the water treatment module comprises a water circulation module and a water purification module; the water circulation module comprises a circulation pump and the water purification module comprises a filtration membrane and/or a decomposing microorganism.
Preferred in any one of the above-mentioned schemes, the inside of bait production unit is provided with bait production module, bait production module includes animal bait module, plant bait module and artificial bait module.
The bait production unit is internally provided with a modular ecological active bait production system, the production system comprises an animal bait module, a plant bait module, an artificial bait module, a combined module and a cultivation module, the cultivation module comprises a cultivation box, the cultivation box is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space, a porous partition plate is arranged between the upper layer space and the lower layer space, the upper layer space of the cultivation box is used for cultivating aquatic products, and the lower layer space of the cultivation box is used for placing the animal bait module and the plant bait module; the animal bait module and the plant bait module are connected with the combined module, and the artificial bait module is connected with the combined module; the combined module is connected with a coating machine. The culture box is made of transparent glass, and microorganisms for decomposing aquatic manure are added in the lower-layer space of the culture box.
The production system of the modularized ecological active bait is utilized to produce the ecological active bait, and the production method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): the method comprises the following steps of dividing a culture box in a production system into an upper layer space and a lower layer space through a porous partition plate, respectively putting animal baits and plant baits into an animal bait module and a plant bait module of the lower layer space, and putting cultured aquatic products into the upper layer space;
step (2): adding microorganisms for decomposing aquatic excrement into the lower-layer space of the culture box;
and (3): the growth of animal baits and plant baits is promoted through the whole environment;
and (4): the method comprises the steps of respectively putting the grown animal baits and the plant baits into the combined module, putting the artificial baits into the combined module, mixing the three baits, coating by using a coating machine to form ecological active baits, and then performing odorization treatment outside the coating.
The coating is a film coating. The aperture of the porous partition board is smaller than any value of the length, the width and the height of the animal feed. The breeding box is placed in a position with illumination, and the lower part of the side surface of the breeding box is provided with an opening.
The bait comprises animal bait, plant bait, artificial bait, film coating and flavoring agent; the bait comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of animal bait, 10-15 parts of plant bait, 5-10 parts of artificial bait, 0.5-1 part of film coating and 0.1-0.3 part of flavoring agent.
The artificial bait comprises probiotics, chelated iron elements and spinach powder; the artificial bait comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of probiotics, 1-10 parts of chelated iron element and 5-20 parts of spinach powder, wherein the adding amount ratio of the probiotics to the chelated iron element to the spinach powder is 1-3:0.5-1: 1-3. The probiotics are probiotic powder.
The animal feed comprises red worms, earthworms and water lice; the adding amount ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice is 1:1: 0.1-0.3; the plant bait comprises chlorella and aquatic weeds; the addition ratio of the chlorella to the aquatic weed is 1: 0.1-0.4.
The preparation method of the ecological bait comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): preparing various substances in the animal bait according to a certain proportion, preparing various substances in the plant bait according to a certain proportion, and culturing the prepared animal bait and the prepared plant bait in a symbiotic environment;
step (2): freeze-drying the cultured animal baits and plant baits, and respectively grinding the animal baits and the plant baits into powder to obtain animal bait powder and plant bait powder;
and (3): weighing probiotics, chelated iron elements and spinach powder according to a certain proportion, uniformly mixing the probiotics and the spinach powder, and coating the mixture by using a film coating; spraying the chelated iron element outside the film coating;
and (4): mixing the coating substance prepared in the step (3) with animal bait powder and plant bait powder, and coating the mixture by using a film coating;
and (5): spraying flavoring agent and chelated iron element outside the coating material prepared in the step (4) to obtain the ecological bait.
The symbiotic environment is a double-layer water environment structure, and an upper layer space and a lower layer space of the double-layer water environment structure are separated through a porous partition plate. The upper layer space of the double-layer water environment structure is used for cultivating aquatic products, and the lower layer space of the double-layer water environment structure is used for cultivating animal baits and plant baits.
Preferred in any one of the above-mentioned schemes, the inside of bait feeding unit is provided with bait feeding module, bait feeding module includes the swirl deconcentrator.
The bait feeding unit is internally provided with a feeding device which comprises a feeding crawler, a steam generator, a flavoring agent adding hopper and a stirring pool, wherein the steam generator and the flavoring agent adding hopper are positioned above the feeding crawler, and the stirring pool is positioned at one end of the feeding crawler. The improved feeding device is characterized in that a support rod is arranged below the feeding crawler, a steam nozzle is arranged below the steam generator, a flavoring agent spraying head is arranged below the flavoring agent feeding hopper, and a stirrer is arranged in the stirring pool.
The method for feeding ecological baits by using the feeding device comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): uniformly and flatly paving the prepared ecological bait on a feeding track of a feeding device;
step (2): with the movement of the feeding crawler, the ecological bait is brought below the steam generator for steam heat treatment; with the further movement of the feeding crawler, the ecological bait is brought below the flavoring agent feeding hopper to be rapidly sprayed with the flavoring agent;
and (3): with the further movement of the feeding crawler belt, quickly bringing the ecological baits obtained in the step (2) into the stirring pool, and uniformly dispersing the ecological baits in the stirring pool through a stirrer in the stirring pool;
and (4): and discharging the water carrying the ecological bait in the stirring pond into a plurality of culture units of the ecological aquaculture system.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, a water quality monitoring module is arranged inside the water quality monitoring unit, and the water quality monitoring module comprises a water quality monitor.
In any of the above aspects, preferably, a secondary treatment module is provided inside the secondary treatment unit, and the secondary treatment module includes an ozone generation device.
In any one of the above schemes, preferably, a temperature control module and a monitoring module are arranged inside the culture unit, the temperature control module comprises a temperature sensor and a heater, and the monitoring module comprises a camera.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that in step (1), the clarification is performed by a synergistic effect of the filter and the microorganism; in the step (3), a dispersing pipeline is arranged in the bait throwing unit, two ends of the dispersing pipeline are respectively connected with pipelines at two ends of the bait throwing unit, a movable collecting baffle is arranged on the dispersing pipeline, a pressure sensor is arranged on the collecting baffle, and the outside of the collecting baffle is connected with a controller; in the step (4), the water quality monitoring items comprise water temperature, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid, hydrogen sulfide and dissolved oxygen.
The modular ecological aquaculture method is simple and easy to implement, can purify water quality and simultaneously carry out feeding and dispersion on feed, secondarily purifies the feed and the water quality through secondary treatment, carries out underwater sterilization on semi-living feed and uniformly distributes the feed in water, ensures the safety of the feed, solves the problem of uneven feeding of high-density aquatic products, and improves the feeding efficiency; through determination and comparison, the modularized ecological aquaculture method disclosed by the invention is found to be remarkably reduced in pollutants in water quality, particularly pollutants after collective defecation of aquatic products, compared with the existing aquaculture method, and the oxygen content in water during feeding is remarkably higher than that in the prior art.
The modular ecological aquaculture system has the advantages of high density, zero emission, environmental protection, high efficiency and long term, and can be arranged in different forms according to the conditions of climate, water quality, water resources, markets and the like in different geographical areas. Compared with the prior art, the culture system has the following beneficial effects: (1) the pressure of water environment pollution caused by high culture density can be effectively solved through the combination of different functional units; (2) the problems of uneven feeding and instant oxygen deficiency caused by high aquatic product density of the aquaculture system are solved through the bait feeding unit, so that the cultured aquatic products can grow uniformly and healthily; (3) the prepared feed can be sterilized for the second time through the secondary treatment unit, so that the safety of the feed is ensured; (4) the modularized ecological aquaculture system is simple in structure, scientific in connection, complete in function and remarkable in effect, solves the problems caused by high aquaculture density in the existing aquaculture systems, is safe and environment-friendly, is very convenient to use, and can find that the weight of the aquatic products cultured by the modularized ecological aquaculture system is increased by not less than 15% and the meat quality is delicious compared with the aquatic products cultured by the existing aquaculture systems through actual comparison.
The modular ecological active bait production system provided by the invention has the advantages that the animal bait and the plant bait are cultured in the aquaculture unit, so that not only is equipment for culturing the bait saved, but also water purification is carried out in the aquaculture unit while the bait is cultured, the production system can be directly connected with the aquaculture system, and real-time production and real-time feeding can be carried out according to the condition of the aquatic products; in addition, the bait produced by the system is wrapped by different coatings on different components, so that the bait produced by the invention can keep the original shape and nutritional components when entering a water circulation system, and has strong attraction and nutritional components for aquatic products.
The ecological bait related by the invention not only is ecological and environment-friendly and has high nutritive value, but also can improve the immunity of aquatic products, and solves the problems of uneven feeding and low feeding efficiency caused by oxygen deficiency in the collective feeding of aquatic products, by combining the probiotics, the spinach powder and the chelated iron element in the coating, can prevent the powder components from collapsing in water, so that the synergistic effect of the three components is fully exerted, firstly, the cell activity of the aquatic product is improved by the trace elements in the spinach powder, thereby improving the absorption of the aquatic products to the nutrient components in the probiotics and the bait, improving the oxygen consumption when the high-density aquatic products take food collectively, causing the water environment to be anoxic, improving the synthesis of the red blood cells of the aquatic products by chelating iron elements, thereby improving the oxygen content in the blood of the aquatic products and the capability of conveying oxygen, providing enough power for the aquatic products, and finally the absorbed probiotics can improve the immunity of the aquatic products and the absorption capability of the bait nutrition. The iron chelate elements are of various types, such as iron amino acid chelates.
Compared with the aquatic products fed by the ecological baits, the aquatic products fed by the ecological baits not only have obviously improved volume, but also are more active, and have delicious meat and strong immunity.
The aquatic product consumes a lot of energy when being fed in a collective way, so that the oxygen consumption of the aquatic product is improved, a transient anoxic environment of the aquatic product can be caused, the synthesis of hemoglobin of the aquatic product is improved by chelating iron elements, and the oxygen content of blood in the aquatic product and the oxygen conveying capacity are improved; the microelements contained in spinach can promote cell activity by stimulating mitochondrion proliferation in biological cells, and further stimulate the absorption of aquatic products on the nutrients in probiotics and bait, thereby accelerating growth and improving immunity.
The ecological bait feeding method is simple, convenient and obvious in effect, can be used for uniformly distributing the bait in water and feeding the bait into the culture unit, solves the problem of nonuniform feed distribution in high-density aquaculture in the prior art, can remove bacteria and microorganisms of the ecological bait by carrying out hot steam treatment and flavor enhancement treatment on the bait with powder inside the coating, can improve the water-resistant time of the powder in the ecological bait, namely keeps the ecological bait integral and does not break away in the water, and improves the bait absorption capacity and feeding efficiency of aquatic products.
The modular aquaculture system of the invention can use containers for each unit, and the container aquaculture has the following advantages: (1) the efficiency is high: the cultivation is carried out in a container, the density is high, the occupied area is small, and the unit yield is high; (2) the material ratio is high: the high-density cultivation in the container can realize centralized feeding and accurate control, and can reduce foodstuff waste caused by material sprinkling in the whole pond compared with the traditional pond cultivation; (3) modularization: the construction period is short, the mobility is strong, the installation is simple, and the productivity can be quickly formed; (4) less pollution: the system can be provided with a culture wastewater sedimentation system, the culture wastewater can be subjected to multistage sedimentation to remove suspended particles and then is discharged into a pond for purification, most of residual baits and feces generated in the culture process can be collected in a centralized manner and treated harmlessly, and the culture pollution is extremely low; (5) the energy consumption is low: under the condition of the same yield, the energy consumption of the push water culture is only 1/3 of the pond culture; (6) the operation is easy: the harvesting is simple, because the box type water pushing culture occupies small area, the area is concentrated, and the side surface of the box body is provided with the large-caliber fish collecting port, the harvesting operation is simple, the labor amount is small, the loss of cultured products is greatly reduced, and the living body transportation and the quality maintenance are facilitated; (7) disaster resistance: the capability of resisting natural disasters is strong, and the box type water-pushing culture can effectively resist natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, high temperatures, cold tides and the like; (8) the disease is controllable: the water exchange amount of the box type push-water cultivation is large, and the water quality is good, so that the occurrence probability of diseases is relatively greatly reduced; easy to observe, make the disease prevention and control in advance; in addition, the breeding area is concentrated, and the dosage of using a plurality of medicines for disease control is greatly reduced; (9) environmental protection: the container culture system is reasonable in design, the materials of the container body can be recycled, and the environment-friendly concept of resource recycling is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of the individual elements of a preferred embodiment of a modular ecological aquaculture method according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a connection relationship between the integrated controller and the multi-function module according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the various modules in the system for producing modular ecologically-active bait according to the embodiment of fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the ecological bait feeding device of the embodiment shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic layout of the individual units of the aquaculture system according to another preferred embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture method according to the invention.
The figures are labeled as follows: 1-flavoring agent adding hopper, 11-flavoring agent spraying head, 2-steam generator, 21-steam nozzle, 3-feeding crawler belt, 4-support rod and 5-stirring pool.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be further understood, the invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1-4, an embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture method according to the present invention comprises the following steps in the following order:
step (1): checking the tightness of the modularized ecological aquaculture system, purifying the water quality of an external water source through a water treatment unit, and enabling the purified water to enter a bait production unit through circulating equipment;
step (2): in the bait production unit, plant bait, animal bait and artificial bait are prepared to obtain mixed ecological bait, and the mixed ecological bait and purified water are dissolved in the bait production unit;
and (3): the water carries the bait to enter a bait throwing unit, and the bait is intensively dispersed in the bait throwing unit through a bait throwing device so as to be uniformly dispersed in the water;
and (4): the water carrying the uniformly distributed baits enters a water quality monitoring unit, and then is detected by a water quality monitor; the detected water flow continues to advance and enters a secondary treatment unit;
and (5): when the water quality of the water quality monitoring unit is qualified, the water carrying the uniformly distributed baits enters the culture unit from the secondary treatment unit; when the water quality of the water quality monitoring unit is unqualified, the secondary treatment unit starts the water treatment device for secondary purification, and then the water carrying uniformly distributed baits enters the culture unit from the secondary treatment unit;
and (6): the aquatic products in the culture unit begin to eat, and the polluted water generated by the excrement of the aquatic products enters the water treatment unit to complete the circulation;
and (7): removing the culture unit from the modular ecological aquaculture system, discharging the fish in the culture unit, and then restoring the culture unit to the original position;
and (8): and (4) repeating the steps (1) to (7).
In the step (1), purifying through the synergistic action of a filter membrane and microorganisms; in the step (3), a dispersing pipeline is arranged in the bait throwing unit, two ends of the dispersing pipeline are respectively connected with pipelines at two ends of the bait throwing unit, a movable collecting baffle is arranged on the dispersing pipeline, a pressure sensor is arranged on the collecting baffle, and the outside of the collecting baffle is connected with a controller; in the step (4), the water quality monitoring items comprise water temperature, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid, hydrogen sulfide and dissolved oxygen.
The modularized ecological aquaculture system comprises a plurality of aquaculture units and a plurality of multifunctional units, wherein the aquaculture units are arranged in parallel through pipelines, the multifunctional units are arranged in series through pipelines, and the multifunctional units are connected in parallel with the aquaculture units through pipelines after being connected in series; the multifunctional unit comprises a comprehensive control unit and a water treatment unit, a bait production unit, a bait feeding unit, a water quality monitoring unit and a secondary treatment unit which are connected in sequence; the comprehensive control unit is connected with the water treatment unit, the bait production unit, the bait feeding unit, the water quality monitoring unit, the secondary treatment unit and the culture unit; all units are connected through pipelines, and circulating pumps are arranged on the pipelines.
The multifunctional unit is characterized in that an equipment area, a test area, a monitoring area and a management area are arranged in the comprehensive control unit, a comprehensive controller is arranged in the equipment area, and the comprehensive controller is connected with the multifunctional modules in the multifunctional unit respectively. A water treatment module is arranged in the water treatment unit and comprises a water circulation module and a water purification module; the water circulation module comprises a circulation pump and the water purification module comprises a filtration membrane and/or a decomposing microorganism. The inside of bait production unit is provided with bait production module, bait production module includes animal bait module, plant bait module and artificial bait module. The inside of bait input unit is provided with bait input module, bait input module includes the swirl deconcentrator. The inside of water quality monitoring unit is provided with water quality monitoring module, water quality monitoring module includes water quality monitoring ware. The inside of secondary treatment unit is provided with the secondary treatment module, the secondary treatment module includes ozone generating device. The inside of breeding the unit is provided with temperature control module and monitor module, temperature control module includes temperature sensor and heater, monitor module includes the camera.
The bait production unit is internally provided with a modular ecological active bait production system, the production system comprises an animal bait module, a plant bait module, an artificial bait module, a combined module and a cultivation module, the cultivation module comprises a cultivation box, the cultivation box is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space, a porous partition plate is arranged between the upper layer space and the lower layer space, the upper layer space of the cultivation box is used for cultivating aquatic products, and the lower layer space of the cultivation box is used for placing the animal bait module and the plant bait module; the animal bait module and the plant bait module are connected with the combined module, and the artificial bait module is connected with the combined module; the combined module is connected with a coating machine. The culture box is made of transparent glass, and microorganisms for decomposing aquatic manure are added in the lower-layer space of the culture box.
The production system of the modularized ecological active bait is utilized to produce the ecological active bait, and the production method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): the method comprises the following steps of dividing a culture box in a production system into an upper layer space and a lower layer space through a porous partition plate, respectively putting animal baits and plant baits into an animal bait module and a plant bait module of the lower layer space, and putting cultured aquatic products into the upper layer space;
step (2): adding microorganisms for decomposing aquatic excrement into the lower-layer space of the culture box;
and (3): the growth of animal baits and plant baits is promoted through the whole environment;
and (4): the method comprises the steps of respectively putting the grown animal baits and the plant baits into the combined module, putting the artificial baits into the combined module, mixing the three baits, coating by using a coating machine to form ecological active baits, and then performing odorization treatment outside the coating.
The coating is a film coating. The aperture of the porous partition board is smaller than any value of the length, the width and the height of the animal feed. The breeding box is placed in a position with illumination, and the lower part of the side surface of the breeding box is provided with an opening.
Be equipped with in the bait feeding unit and throw the material device, it includes that charging track 3, steam generator 2, odorant add fill 1 and stirring pond 5, steam generator 2 with odorant add fill 1 and be located charging track 3's top, stirring pond 5 is located charging track 3's one end. The lower part of the feeding crawler 3 is provided with a support rod 4, the lower part of the steam generator 2 is provided with a steam nozzle 21, the lower part of the flavoring agent feeding hopper 1 is provided with a flavoring agent spraying head 11, and a stirrer is arranged in the stirring pool 5.
The method for throwing ecological baits by using the feeding device of the embodiment comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): uniformly and flatly paving the prepared ecological bait on a feeding track of a feeding device;
step (2): with the movement of the feeding crawler, the ecological bait is brought below the steam generator for steam heat treatment; with the further movement of the feeding crawler, the ecological bait is brought below the flavoring agent feeding hopper to be rapidly sprayed with the flavoring agent;
and (3): with the further movement of the feeding crawler belt, quickly bringing the ecological baits obtained in the step (2) into the stirring pool, and uniformly dispersing the ecological baits in the stirring pool through a stirrer in the stirring pool;
and (4): and discharging the water carrying the ecological bait in the stirring pond into a plurality of culture units of the ecological aquaculture system.
The ecological baits of the embodiment include animal baits and plant baits; the ecological bait also comprises artificial bait, a film coating and a flavoring agent; the ecological bait comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 15 parts of animal bait, 10 parts of plant bait, 5 parts of artificial bait, 0.5 part of film coating and 0.1 part of flavoring agent.
The artificial bait comprises probiotics, chelated iron elements and spinach powder; the ratio of the addition amount of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder is 1:0.5:1, namely, the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 5 parts of probiotics, 2.5 parts of chelated iron elements and 5 parts of spinach powder. The probiotics are probiotic powder.
The animal feed comprises red worms, earthworms and water lice; the addition ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice is 1:1: 0.1. The plant bait comprises chlorella and aquatic weeds; the addition ratio of the chlorella to the aquatic weed is 1: 0.1.
The preparation method of the ecological bait comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): preparing various substances in the animal bait according to a proportion, preparing various substances in the plant bait according to a proportion, and cultivating the prepared animal bait and the prepared plant bait in a symbiotic environment;
step (2): freeze-drying the cultured animal baits and plant baits, and respectively grinding the animal baits and the plant baits into powder to obtain animal bait powder and plant bait powder;
and (3): weighing probiotics, chelated iron elements and spinach powder according to a ratio, uniformly mixing the probiotics and the spinach powder, and coating the mixture by using a film coating; spraying the chelated iron element outside the film coating;
and (4): mixing the coating substance prepared in the step (3) with animal bait powder and plant bait powder, and coating the mixture by using a film coating;
and (5): spraying flavoring agent and chelated iron element outside the coating material prepared in the step (4) to obtain the ecological bait.
The symbiotic environment is a double-layer water environment structure, and an upper layer space and a lower layer space of the double-layer water environment structure are separated through a porous partition plate. The upper layer space of the double-layer water environment structure is used for cultivating aquatic products, and the lower layer space of the double-layer water environment structure is used for cultivating animal baits and plant baits.
The modular ecological aquaculture method is simple and easy to implement, can purify water quality and simultaneously carry out feeding and dispersion on feed, secondarily purifies the feed and the water quality through secondary treatment, carries out underwater sterilization on semi-living feed and uniformly distributes the feed in water, ensures the safety of the feed, solves the problem of non-uniform feeding of high-density aquatic products, and improves the feeding efficiency; through determination and comparison, the modularized ecological aquaculture method disclosed by the embodiment is found to be obviously reduced in pollutants in water quality, especially pollutants after collective defecation of fishes, and the oxygen content in water during feeding is obviously higher than that in the prior art.
The ecological bait related to the embodiment not only is ecological and environment-friendly and has high nutritive value, but also can improve the immunity of aquatic products, and solves the problems of uneven feeding and low feeding efficiency caused by oxygen deficiency in the collective feeding of aquatic products, by combining the probiotics, the spinach powder and the chelated iron element in the coating, can prevent the powder components from collapsing in water, so that the synergistic effect of the three components is fully exerted, firstly, the cell activity of the aquatic product is improved by the trace elements in the spinach powder, thereby improving the absorption of the aquatic products to the nutrient components in the probiotics and the bait, improving the oxygen consumption when the high-density aquatic products take food collectively, causing the water environment to be anoxic, improving the synthesis of the red blood cells of the aquatic products by chelating iron elements, thereby improving the oxygen content in the blood of the aquatic products and the capability of conveying oxygen, providing enough power for the aquatic products, and finally the absorbed probiotics can improve the immunity of the aquatic products and the absorption capability of the bait nutrition. The iron chelate element is of various types, and in this example, iron chelate with amino acid is used.
Example two:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture method of the invention, the steps, culture system used, principle, beneficial effects, etc. are the same as in the first embodiment, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 20 parts of animal baits, 15 parts of plant baits, 10 parts of artificial baits, 1 part of film coatings and 0.3 part of flavoring agents.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 1:1:1, namely, the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 10 parts of probiotics, 10 parts of chelated iron elements and 10 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.3. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.4.
The preparation method of the ecological bait, the production system and the production method of the modular ecological active bait, the feeding method and the feeding device of the ecological bait and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example three:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture method of the invention, the steps, culture system used, principle, beneficial effects, etc. are the same as in the first embodiment, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 18 parts of animal bait, 12 parts of plant bait, 8 parts of artificial bait, 0.8 part of film coating and 0.2 part of flavoring agent.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 3:0.5:3, namely the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 20 parts of probiotics, 3.3 parts of chelated iron elements and 20 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.2. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.2.
The preparation method of the ecological bait, the production system and the production method of the modular ecological active bait, the feeding method and the feeding device of the ecological bait and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example four:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture method of the invention, the steps, culture system used, principle, beneficial effects, etc. are the same as in the first embodiment, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 17 parts of animal baits, 11 parts of plant baits, 6 parts of artificial baits, 0.6 part of film coatings and 0.15 part of flavoring agents.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 3:1:3, namely the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 18 parts of probiotics, 6 parts of chelated iron elements and 18 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.15. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.15.
The preparation method of the ecological bait, the production system and the production method of the modular ecological active bait, the feeding method and the feeding device of the ecological bait and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example five:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture method of the invention, the steps, culture system used, principle, beneficial effects, etc. are the same as in the first embodiment, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 19 parts of animal bait, 14 parts of plant bait, 9 parts of artificial bait, 0.9 part of film coating and 0.25 part of flavoring agent.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 2:0.5:2, namely the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 16 parts of probiotics, 4 parts of chelated iron elements and 16 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.25. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.3.
The preparation method of the ecological bait, the production system and the production method of the modular ecological active bait, the feeding method and the feeding device of the ecological bait and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example six:
according to another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture method of the invention, the steps, culture system used, principle, beneficial effects, etc. are the same as in the first embodiment, except that: the required ecological bait has different components, and the ecological bait in the embodiment comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 16 parts of animal baits, 13 parts of plant baits, 7 parts of artificial baits, 0.7 part of film coatings and 0.2 part of flavoring agents.
The ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder in the artificial bait is 2:1:2, namely the artificial bait consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 14 parts of probiotics, 7 parts of chelated iron elements and 14 parts of spinach powder. The ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice in the animal feed is 1:1: 0.28. The ratio of the addition amount of the chlorella to the aquatic weed in the plant bait is 1: 0.35.
The preparation method of the ecological bait, the production system and the production method of the modular ecological active bait, the feeding method and the feeding device of the ecological bait and the like in the embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Example seven:
as shown in fig. 5, another embodiment of the modular ecological aquaculture method according to the present invention has the same principle, beneficial effects, etc. as the implementation one, except that: in the aquaculture system of the embodiment, an external water source is purified by the pretreatment unit for aquaculture water in the water treatment unit and then enters different aquaculture units respectively; water in the culture unit is circulated into a culture tail water deep treatment unit in the water treatment unit through a pipeline for purification and circulation; the water replenishing unit can also purify an external water source, and the water replenishing effect is provided after the water level in the culture unit is reduced; the biological bait production unit can culture fungi, algae and plankton through the light source, can be mixed with artificial bait and mineral bait and then is thrown into the culture unit through the feeding unit; synthesize the management and control unit and set up the water quality monitoring ware, the video monitor in breeding the unit and be connected, synthesize the management and control unit and still be used for controlling respectively and put in unit, water processing unit and moisturizing unit, when the quality of water detector in breeding the unit detects out the quality of water unqualified in breeding the unit, can improve water processing unit's work efficiency and improve the water purification function, and when the video monitor finds that the water level in breeding the unit is low excessively, can control the moisturizing unit and carry out the moisturizing to breeding the unit. In addition, the water treatment unit is connected with biological bait production unit, and the moisturizing unit is connected with mineral bait optimization unit and artificial bait optimization unit, and the water treatment unit is connected with the moisturizing unit, puts in modules such as unit, breed unit in coordination again, forms holistic circulation farming systems, and in this farming systems, supply with the aquatic products after biological bait, mineral bait, artificial bait compound and use.
The comprehensive control unit is used for carrying out water quality measurement and control, video monitoring, water quality filtration and constant-temperature oxygen supply on the whole system, controlling water, controlling temperature, controlling seedlings, controlling materials, controlling bacteria and controlling algae, the method of fertilizing water first in the process of fish culture in a soil pond is changed, the method of adding viable bacteria and algae is used for further improving the controllability of circulating water culture, the feed is effectively managed, the fish body density is observed, facilities are effectively managed and comprehensively and effectively utilized, various problems of fish swarms are emergently treated, the oxygen content in circulating purified water and water is accurately controlled, the purification and circulation of the culture water body are realized, the basic guarantee of healthy and safe culture is provided, and the maximization of benefits is realized by establishing ecological balance of fish and vegetables.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the modular ecological aquaculture method of the present invention, including any combination of the summary of the invention and the detailed description of the invention described above and the parts illustrated in the drawings, is not described in space and for the sake of brevity of the description. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A modularized ecological aquaculture method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): checking the tightness of the modularized ecological aquaculture system, purifying the water quality of an external water source through a water treatment unit, and enabling the purified water to enter a bait production unit through circulating equipment;
step (2): in the bait production unit, plant bait, animal bait and artificial bait are prepared to obtain mixed ecological active bait, and the mixed ecological active bait and purified water are dissolved in the bait production unit;
and (3): the water carries the bait to enter a bait throwing unit, and the ecological active bait is intensively dispersed in the bait throwing unit through a bait throwing device so as to be uniformly dispersed in the water;
and (4): water carrying uniformly distributed ecological active baits enters a water quality monitoring unit, and then is detected by a water quality monitor; the detected water flow continues to advance and enters a secondary treatment unit;
and (5): when the water quality of the water quality monitoring unit is qualified, the water carrying the ecological active baits which are uniformly distributed enters the culture unit from the secondary treatment unit; when the water quality of the water quality monitoring unit is unqualified, the secondary treatment unit starts the water treatment device for secondary purification, and then the water carrying the ecological active baits distributed uniformly enters the culture unit from the secondary treatment unit;
and (6): the fishes in the culture unit begin to eat, and the polluted water generated by the excrement of the fishes enters the water treatment unit to complete circulation;
and (7): removing the culture unit from the modular ecological aquaculture system, discharging the fish in the culture unit, and then restoring the culture unit to the original position;
and (8): repeating the steps (1) to (7); the modularized ecological aquaculture system comprises a plurality of aquaculture units and a plurality of multifunctional units, wherein the aquaculture units are arranged in parallel through pipelines, the multifunctional units are arranged in series through pipelines, and the multifunctional units are connected in parallel with the aquaculture units through pipelines after being connected in series;
the multifunctional unit comprises a comprehensive control unit and a water treatment unit, a bait production unit, a bait feeding unit, a water quality monitoring unit and a secondary treatment unit which are connected in sequence; the comprehensive control unit is connected with the water treatment unit, the bait production unit, the bait feeding unit, the water quality monitoring unit, the secondary treatment unit and the culture unit; all the units are connected through pipelines, and circulating pumps are arranged on the pipelines; the device comprises a comprehensive control unit and a multifunctional unit, wherein the comprehensive control unit is internally provided with a device area, a test area, a monitoring area and a management area; a water treatment module is arranged in the water treatment unit and comprises a water circulation module and a water purification module; the water circulation module comprises a circulation pump, and the water purification module comprises a filtration membrane and/or decomposing microorganisms;
the production system of modularized ecological active bait is arranged in a bait production unit and comprises an animal bait module, a plant bait module, an artificial bait module, a combined module and a cultivation module, wherein the cultivation module comprises a cultivation box, the cultivation box is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space, a porous partition plate is arranged between the upper layer space and the lower layer space, the upper layer space of the cultivation box is used for cultivating fish, and the lower layer space of the cultivation box is used for placing the animal bait module and the plant bait module; the animal bait module and the plant bait module are connected with the combined module, and the artificial bait module is connected with the combined module; the combined module is connected with a coating machine, the culture box is made of transparent glass, and microorganisms for decomposing fish feces are added in the lower-layer space of the culture box; the production system of the modularized ecological active bait is utilized to produce the ecological active bait, and the production method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step (1): the method comprises the following steps that a culture box in a production system is divided into an upper layer space and a lower layer space through a porous partition plate, animal baits and plant baits are respectively put into an animal bait module and a plant bait module of the lower layer space, and cultured fishes are put into the upper layer space;
step (2): adding microorganisms for decomposing feces of fishes into the lower layer space of the culture box;
and (3): the growth of animal baits and plant baits is promoted through the whole environment;
and (4): respectively putting the grown animal baits and the plant baits into the combined module, putting the artificial baits into the combined module, mixing the three baits, coating by a coating machine to form ecological active baits, and then performing odorization treatment outside the coating; the coating is a film coating, the aperture of the porous partition plate is smaller than any value of the length, the width and the height of the animal bait, the breeding box is placed at a position with illumination, and the lower part of the side surface of the breeding box is provided with an opening; the ecological active bait comprises animal bait, plant bait, artificial bait, a film coating and flavoring agents; the ecological active bait comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of animal bait, 10-15 parts of plant bait, 5-10 parts of artificial bait, 0.5-1 part of film coating and 0.1-0.3 part of flavoring agent; the artificial bait comprises probiotics, chelated iron elements and spinach powder; the ratio of the addition amounts of the probiotics, the chelated iron element and the spinach powder is 1-3:0.5-1:1-3, and the probiotics is probiotic powder; the animal feed comprises red worms, earthworms and water lice; the adding amount ratio of the red worms to the earthworms to the water lice is 1:1: 0.1-0.3; the plant bait comprises chlorella and aquatic weeds; the addition ratio of the chlorella to the aquatic weed is 1: 0.1-0.4.
2. The modular ecological aquaculture method of claim 1, wherein a bait dispensing module is disposed inside the bait dispensing unit, the bait dispensing module comprising a vortex disperser.
3. The modular ecological aquaculture method of claim 1, wherein a water quality monitoring module is arranged inside the water quality monitoring unit, and the water quality monitoring module comprises a water quality monitor.
4. The modular ecological aquaculture method of claim 1, characterized in that the secondary treatment unit is internally provided with a secondary treatment module comprising an ozone generating device.
5. The modular ecological aquaculture method of claim 1, wherein a temperature control module and a monitoring module are arranged inside the aquaculture unit, the temperature control module comprises a temperature sensor and a heater, and the monitoring module comprises a camera.
6. The modular ecological aquaculture method of claim 1, characterized in that in step (1) the purification is performed by the synergistic effect of the membrane filtration and the decomposition into organisms; in the step (3), a dispersing pipeline is arranged in the bait throwing unit, two ends of the dispersing pipeline are respectively connected with pipelines at two ends of the bait throwing unit, a movable collecting baffle is arranged on the dispersing pipeline, a pressure sensor is arranged on the collecting baffle, and the outside of the collecting baffle is connected with a controller; in the step (4), the water quality monitoring items comprise water temperature, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid, hydrogen sulfide and dissolved oxygen.
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