CN109321255B - Composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109321255B CN109321255B CN201811305654.XA CN201811305654A CN109321255B CN 109321255 B CN109321255 B CN 109321255B CN 201811305654 A CN201811305654 A CN 201811305654A CN 109321255 B CN109321255 B CN 109321255B
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil, which consists of organic matters and a solid salt alkalinity reducing agent, wherein the organic matters are formed by fermenting branches and leaves of cotton plants, and the solid salt alkalinity reducing agent is formed by activating, carbonizing and loading a photocatalyst on cotton stalks; the mass ratio of the organic matter to the solid salt alkali-reducing agent is 5:1-10: 1. The invention uses local materials according to local conditions, changes waste into valuable and solves the problem that the burning of cotton plants pollutes the environment; and the prices of nitric acid, phosphoric acid and tetrabutyl titanate are relatively low, the preparation process is simple and feasible, and the large-scale popularization and application are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to saline-alkali soil improvement. In particular to a composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil.
Background
A large amount of saline-alkali soil is distributed in the Xinjiang area, and the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is more than one fifth of the total cultivated area of Xinjiang. Therefore, the improvement of saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang area has great significance for improving the cultivated land area.
The method for improving saline-alkali soil in the prior art comprises the following steps: 1. irrigating with water, and washing out soluble saline-alkali in the soil or flowing into deep soil; however, due to lack of water and rain in Xinjiang, the method can be realized only by concentrating a large amount of water, and is difficult to implement on a large scale. 2. The application of organic fertilizer, however, has certain limitation, and a large amount of organic fertilizer is needed for effective improvement of severe saline-alkali soil. 3. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and other inorganic salinized fertilizers are applied as the modifying agent, but improper application of the fertilizer can also aggravate salinization, particularly for severe saline-alkali soil, the salinization degree can be aggravated, and the modifying cost is higher.
Therefore, aiming at the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang area, the development of a saline-alkali soil improvement method which is low in cost and easy to popularize in a large scale is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide the composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil, which has low cost and is easy to popularize in a large scale.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil consists of organic matters and a solid salt alkalinity reducing agent, wherein the organic matters are formed by fermenting branches and leaves of cotton plants, and the solid salt alkalinity reducing agent is formed by activating, carbonizing and loading a photocatalyst on cotton stalks; the mass ratio of the organic matter to the solid salt alkali-reducing agent is 5:1-10: 1.
The preparation method of the solid salt and alkali reducing agent of the composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting into sections: cutting cotton stems into segments;
(2) preparation of nitric acid activated stem sections: soaking a part of stem segments in nitric acid, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segments soaked in the nitric acid to obtain nitric acid activated stem segments;
(3) preparing a phosphoric acid activated stem section: soaking the other part of the stem segment in phosphoric acid, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segment soaked in phosphoric acid to obtain a phosphoric acid activated stem segment;
(4) carrying a photocatalyst: adding tetrabutyl titanate into a nitric acid aqueous solution, adding urea into the nitric acid aqueous solution, then adding phosphoric acid to activate the stem section, heating and raising the temperature, stopping heating when the pH value of the solution is 7, filtering to obtain the stem section, insulating air from heating, and cooling to obtain the photocatalysis-loaded phosphoric acid activated stem section;
(5) preparing a solid salt alkali-reducing agent: mixing the nitric acid activated stem segment and the phosphoric acid activated stem segment loaded with the photocatalysis according to the mass ratio of 0.5:1-1:1 to obtain the solid salt alkali-reducing agent.
The composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps of (1): cutting cotton stem into 0.5-2 cm stem segments.
The composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps of (2): the concentration of nitric acid is 30-69 wt%, and the dipping time is 24-48 hours.
The composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps of (3): the concentration of phosphoric acid is 50-85 wt%, and the dipping time is 24-48 hours.
The composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil is prepared in the step (4): the concentration of the nitric acid aqueous solution is 5-10 wt%, the volume ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to the nitric acid aqueous solution is 1:100-1:50, the amount of the added urea is equal to that of the nitric acid, the solution is heated to 50-100 ℃ and is kept until the pH value of the solution is 7, the heating is stopped, and the stem section obtained by filtering is heated for 2-5 hours under the condition of insulating air at the temperature of 500-800 ℃.
The preparation method of the organic matter of the composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) separating branches and leaves from stems of cotton plants after cotton picking, and crushing the branches and leaves to obtain fresh branch and leaf powder mud;
(2) mixing livestock manure, cottonseed cake and fresh branch and leaf powder mud, placing in a fermentation pit, sealing, decomposing, and fermenting for 30-60 days.
The composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil comprises the livestock manure, the cottonseed cakes and the fresh branch and leaf powder mud in a mass ratio of 0.3-0.5:0.5-1: 5.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the invention activates the cotton stem section by concentrated nitric acid, so that the activated cotton stem section has rich carboxyl, phenol group, ether group and ester group, and the hydrophilic capability of the cotton stem section activated by the nitric acid is increased, so that the cotton stem section mainly plays a role in absorbing and reducing alkali and can also play a role in fixing salt.
2. According to the invention, the cotton stem section is activated by phosphoric acid and treated at high temperature, so that a large amount of carbonyl groups can be formed on the cotton stem section, the cotton stem section activated by phosphoric acid is soaked in tetrabutyl titanate solution and then treated at high temperature, titanium dioxide particles can be loaded on the cotton stem section, the titanium dioxide particles can perform catalytic reaction with organic matters, and the carbonyl groups on the cotton stem section can obtain electrons in the catalytic reaction process so as to capture sodium ions, so that the fixation of the sodium ions is realized; of course, the titanium dioxide-loaded phosphoric acid activated stem segment can also play a role in reducing alkali.
3. The organic matter can increase the content of organic matters in the soil and promote the salt fixation and alkali reduction of the nitric acid activated stem section and the titanium dioxide loaded phosphoric acid activated stem section.
4. The invention not only uses local materials according to local conditions, but also changes waste into valuable, thereby solving the problem that the burning of cotton plants pollutes the environment; and the prices of nitric acid, phosphoric acid and tetrabutyl titanate are relatively low, the preparation process is simple and feasible, and the large-scale popularization and application are facilitated.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil comprises organic matters and a solid salt alkalinity reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of the organic matters to the solid salt alkalinity reducing agent is 5: 1.
The preparation method of the solid salt alkali-reducing agent comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting into sections: cutting cotton stems into 1 cm stem sections;
(2) preparation of nitric acid activated stem sections: soaking a part of stem segments in nitric acid, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 69 wt%, the soaking time is 24 hours, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segments soaked in the nitric acid to obtain nitric acid activated stem segments;
(3) preparing a phosphoric acid activated stem section: soaking the other part of the stem segments in phosphoric acid, wherein the concentration of the phosphoric acid is 85 wt%, the soaking time is 24 hours, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segments soaked in the phosphoric acid to obtain phosphoric acid activated stem segments;
(4) carrying a photocatalyst: adding tetrabutyl titanate into an aqueous solution of nitric acid, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution of nitric acid is 5 wt%, and the volume ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to the aqueous solution of nitric acid is 1: 100; adding urea into the nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the amount of the added urea is equal to that of the nitric acid, adding phosphoric acid to activate the stem section, heating to 100 ℃, stopping heating when the pH value of the solution is 7, filtering to obtain the stem section, insulating air, heating for 2 hours at 800 ℃, and cooling to obtain the photocatalysis-loaded phosphoric acid activated stem section;
(5) preparing a solid salt alkali-reducing agent: mixing the nitric acid activated stem segment and the phosphoric acid activated stem segment loaded with the photocatalysis according to the mass ratio of 0.5:1 to obtain the solid salt alkali-reducing agent.
The preparation method of the organic matter comprises the following steps:
(1) separating branches and leaves from stems of cotton plants after cotton picking, and crushing the branches and leaves to obtain fresh branch and leaf powder mud;
(2) mixing the livestock manure, the cottonseed cake and the fresh branch and leaf powder mud according to the mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:5, and placing the mixture in a fermentation pit for sealed decomposition and fermentation for 60 days.
The test is carried out on a certain heavy saline-alkali soil in Aksu area, the saline-alkali soil has the salt content of 2.16 percent and the pH value of 9.7, and belongs to the heavy saline-alkali soil. In spring festival, the composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil is uniformly spread on the ground according to the dosage of 30 tons per mu, then plowing is carried out, the plowing depth is 20 cm, crushing and leveling are carried out, natural rainfall is carried out, plowing is carried out once a year, and the plowing depth is 20 cm; after one year, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 0-20 cm is reduced to 1.04 percent, the pH value is reduced to 8.8, after two years, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 0-20 cm is reduced to 0.59 percent, the pH value is reduced to 7.9, and after three years, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 0-20 cm is reduced to 0.31 percent, and the pH value is reduced to 7.5.
Example 2
The composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil comprises organic matters and a solid salt alkalinity reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of the organic matters to the solid salt alkalinity reducing agent is 5: 1.
The preparation method of the solid salt alkali-reducing agent comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting into sections: cutting cotton stems into 1 cm stem sections;
(2) preparation of nitric acid activated stem sections: soaking a part of stem segments in nitric acid, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 69 wt%, the soaking time is 24 hours, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segments soaked in the nitric acid to obtain nitric acid activated stem segments;
(3) preparing a phosphoric acid activated stem section: soaking the other part of the stem segments in phosphoric acid, wherein the concentration of the phosphoric acid is 85 wt%, the soaking time is 24 hours, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segments soaked in the phosphoric acid to obtain phosphoric acid activated stem segments;
(4) carrying a photocatalyst: adding tetrabutyl titanate into an aqueous solution of nitric acid, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution of nitric acid is 5 wt%, and the volume ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to the aqueous solution of nitric acid is 1: 100; adding urea into the nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the amount of the added urea is equal to that of the nitric acid, adding phosphoric acid to activate the stem section, heating to 100 ℃, stopping heating when the pH value of the solution is 7, filtering to obtain the stem section, insulating air, heating for 2 hours at 800 ℃, and cooling to obtain the photocatalysis-loaded phosphoric acid activated stem section;
(5) preparing a solid salt alkali-reducing agent: mixing the nitric acid activated stem segment and the phosphoric acid activated stem segment loaded with the photocatalysis according to the mass ratio of 0.5:1 to obtain the solid salt alkali-reducing agent.
The preparation method of the organic matter comprises the following steps:
(1) separating branches and leaves from stems of cotton plants after cotton picking, and crushing the branches and leaves to obtain fresh branch and leaf powder mud;
(2) mixing the livestock manure, the cottonseed cake and the fresh branch and leaf powder mud according to the mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:5, and placing the mixture in a fermentation pit for sealed decomposition and fermentation for 60 days.
The test is carried out on a certain heavy saline-alkali soil in Aksu area, the saline-alkali soil has the salt content of 2.16 percent and the pH value of 9.7, and belongs to the heavy saline-alkali soil. In spring festival, the composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil is uniformly scattered on the ground according to the dosage of 25 tons per mu, and then plowing is carried out, wherein the plowing depth is 20 centimeters, and crushing and leveling are carried out.
In the first year: irrigating once per month according to the precipitation of 15 mm except natural precipitation, and ploughing after irrigating for 7 days, wherein the ploughing depth is 20 cm, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 0-20 cm is reduced to 0.21% after one year, and the pH is reduced to 7.3; no irrigation is needed from the second year, natural precipitation is carried out, the cultivation is carried out once a year, the cultivation depth is 20 cm, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 0-20 cm at the end of the second year is 0.19%, the pH value is 7.2, and the salt content in the soil with the depth of 0-20 cm at the end of the third year is 0.18%, and the pH value is 7.2.
Example 3
The composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil comprises organic matters and a solid salt alkalinity reducing agent, wherein the mass ratio of the organic matters to the solid salt alkalinity reducing agent is 5: 1.
The preparation method of the solid salt alkali-reducing agent comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting into sections: cutting cotton stems into 1 cm stem sections;
(2) preparation of nitric acid activated stem sections: soaking a part of stem segments in nitric acid, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 69 wt%, the soaking time is 24 hours, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segments soaked in the nitric acid to obtain nitric acid activated stem segments;
(3) preparing a phosphoric acid activated stem section: soaking the other part of the stem segments in phosphoric acid, wherein the concentration of the phosphoric acid is 85 wt%, the soaking time is 24 hours, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segments soaked in the phosphoric acid to obtain phosphoric acid activated stem segments;
(4) carrying a photocatalyst: adding tetrabutyl titanate into an aqueous solution of nitric acid, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution of nitric acid is 5 wt%, and the volume ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to the aqueous solution of nitric acid is 1: 100; adding urea into the nitric acid aqueous solution, wherein the amount of the added urea is equal to that of the nitric acid, adding phosphoric acid to activate the stem section, heating to 100 ℃, stopping heating when the pH value of the solution is 7, filtering to obtain the stem section, insulating air, heating for 2 hours at 800 ℃, and cooling to obtain the photocatalysis-loaded phosphoric acid activated stem section;
(5) preparing a solid salt alkali-reducing agent: mixing the nitric acid activated stem segment and the phosphoric acid activated stem segment loaded with the photocatalysis according to the mass ratio of 0.5:1 to obtain the solid salt alkali-reducing agent.
The preparation method of the organic matter comprises the following steps:
(1) separating branches and leaves from stems of cotton plants after cotton picking, and crushing the branches and leaves to obtain fresh branch and leaf powder mud;
(2) mixing the livestock manure, the cottonseed cake and the fresh branch and leaf powder mud according to the mass ratio of 0.3:0.5:5, and placing the mixture in a fermentation pit for sealed decomposition and fermentation for 60 days.
The test is carried out on a certain heavy saline-alkali soil in Aksu area, the saline-alkali soil has the salt content of 2.16 percent and the pH value of 9.7, and belongs to the heavy saline-alkali soil. In spring festival, the composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil is uniformly spread on the ground according to the dosage of 35 tons per mu, then plowing is carried out, the plowing depth is 30 cm, the composition of the invention with the thickness of 2 cm is additionally spread at the bottom of a ditch formed by plowing during plowing, and the composition is crushed and leveled.
In the first year: irrigating once per month according to the precipitation of 15 mm except natural precipitation, and ploughing after irrigating for 7 days, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 0-30 cm is reduced to 0.23% after one year, the pH is reduced to 7.4, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 33-40 cm is 2.23%, and the pH is 9.6; no irrigation and natural rainfall are carried out from the second year, the cultivation is carried out once a year, the cultivation depth is 25 cm, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 0-30 cm at the end of the second year is 0.20%, the pH value is 7.2, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 33-40 cm is 2.32%, and the pH value is 9.7; the salt content in the soil with the depth of 0-30 cm at the end of the third year is 0.18%, the pH is 7.2, the salt content in the soil with the depth of 33-40 cm is 2.37%, and the pH is 9.7. Therefore, the salt content of the soil with the depth of 33-40 cm is increased year by year, and the salt content of the soil with the depth of 0-30 cm is reduced year by year, so that the composition of the embodiment is paved at the bottom of a ditch during ploughing, salt in deep soil can be effectively prevented from being transported to the ground surface through soil capillary water, and a good effect of preventing salt return can be achieved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The composition for improving the severe saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising organic matters and a solid salt alkalinity reducing agent, wherein the organic matters are formed by fermenting branches and leaves of cotton plants, and the solid salt alkalinity reducing agent is formed by activating, carbonizing and loading a photocatalyst on cotton stalks; the mass ratio of the organic matter to the solid salt alkali-reducing agent is 5:1-10: 1;
the preparation method of the solid salt alkali-reducing agent comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting into sections: cutting cotton stems into segments; cutting cotton stem into 0.5-2 cm stem segments;
(2) preparation of nitric acid activated stem sections: soaking a part of stem segments in nitric acid, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segments soaked in the nitric acid to obtain nitric acid activated stem segments; the concentration of the nitric acid is 30-69 wt%, and the dipping time is 24-48 hours;
(3) preparing a phosphoric acid activated stem section: soaking the other part of the stem segment in phosphoric acid, and naturally placing and air-drying the stem segment soaked in phosphoric acid to obtain a phosphoric acid activated stem segment; the concentration of phosphoric acid is 50-85 wt%, and the dipping time is 24-48 hours;
(4) carrying a photocatalyst: adding tetrabutyl titanate into a nitric acid aqueous solution, adding urea into the nitric acid aqueous solution, then adding phosphoric acid to activate the stem section, heating and raising the temperature, stopping heating when the pH value of the solution is 7, filtering to obtain the stem section, insulating air from heating, and cooling to obtain the photocatalysis-loaded phosphoric acid activated stem section; the concentration of the nitric acid aqueous solution is 5-10 wt%, the volume ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to the nitric acid aqueous solution is 1:100-1:50, the amount of the added urea is equal to that of the nitric acid, the solution is heated to 50-100 ℃ and is kept until the pH value of the solution is 7, the heating is stopped, and the filtered stem section is heated for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 500-;
(5) preparing a solid salt alkali-reducing agent: mixing the nitric acid activated stem segment and the phosphoric acid activated stem segment loaded with the photocatalysis according to the mass ratio of 0.5:1-1:1 to obtain the solid salt alkali-reducing agent.
2. The composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the organic matter comprises the following steps:
(1) separating branches and leaves from stems of cotton plants after cotton picking, and crushing the branches and leaves to obtain fresh branch and leaf powder mud;
(2) mixing livestock manure, cottonseed cake and fresh branch and leaf powder mud, placing in a fermentation pit, sealing, decomposing, and fermenting for 30-60 days.
3. The composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the cottonseed cake and the fresh branch and leaf powder mud is 0.3-0.5:0.5-1: 5.
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| SU1645285A1 (en) * | 1989-02-06 | 1991-04-30 | Казахский государственный университет им.С.М.Кирова | Mixture for reclamation of saline soil |
| CN103289705B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2017-09-05 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | A kind of Nano saline alkali soil improvement agent and its preparation technology |
| CN103351866B (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-05-11 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of biomass carbon base soil-repairing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN103752333B (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2016-03-16 | 西安工程大学 | The preparation method of nitrogen-doped nanometer titanium dioxide supported active carbon fiber composite |
| CN105906386A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-31 | 东北农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared from corn straw and preparation method thereof |
| CN108059578A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-05-22 | 河北百禾丰化肥有限公司 | A kind of luminous energy biology carbon source fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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