CN111334302A - Modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver - Google Patents
Modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver Download PDFInfo
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver which comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 10 to 40 percent of organic acid modified biomass charcoal, 30 to 70 percent of desulfurized gypsum and 10 to 40 percent of acidic organic fertilizer. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the modifier and a saline-alkali soil improvement method based on the modifier. The modifier can obviously reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil, reduce the content of full salt and improve the emergence rate of plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver.
Background
Land salinization is a worldwide problem facing mankind. There are 9.5 hundred million hectares of saline and alkaline land throughout the world, spread over more than 80 countries and regions. The saline-alkali soil in China is about 3630 ten thousand hectares, and about 75 percent of saline-alkali soil in China is not effectively treated and reasonably developed and utilized.
At present, the saline-alkali soil improvement measures mainly comprise physical measures, chemical measures and biological measures. The chemical measures are mainly to apply a chemical modifier, improve the physicochemical property of the saline-alkali soil by utilizing the acid-base neutralization principle, and have the characteristics of rapidness and high efficiency. The chemical modifier has two functions, one is to improve soil structure and speed up the salt and alkali washing and discharging process, and the other is to change soluble salt components, increase the salt-base replacing capacity and regulate soil pH value.
Although various chemical modifiers exist in the market at present, the utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil after being modified is not high. The main reasons are three, firstly, after the conditioner is applied, although the total salt content, the PH value and the alkalization degree are greatly reduced, the basic conditions of crop growth are met, but as the cultivated land is in salinization for a long time, organic matters in the soil are completely decomposed by alkaline substances, the soil fertility level is very low, the planted crops are not easy to catch seedlings, the growth vigor is weak, the yield is low, and the benefit is poor; secondly, the volume weight of the saline-alkali soil is large, the soil is generally sticky and compact, and has poor water permeability and air permeability, so that the development of crop roots is not facilitated, and the influence on the growth of crops is large; thirdly, because the soil is sticky and compact, the soil is not easy to rapidly seep after being watered, so that the crops are soaked in water for a long time, and the growth of the crops is seriously influenced. At present, saline-alkali soil improvement is still a complex project. The soil conditioner with single component also has the problems of incomplete improvement effect, large dosage, perennial use and the like.
Salinization can be regarded as cancer of soil and is difficult to treat thoroughly. Various saline-alkali soil conditioners exist in the market at present, but the effects are general, and even if the pH value and the alkalization degree of soil are reduced, the high yield of crops cannot be realized. The three reasons are that the soil fertility is extremely poor due to long-term salinization; secondly, the saline-alkali soil has large volume weight, roots are difficult to grow, and in addition, the soil is sticky and compact and is easy to accumulate water; finally, the application of large amounts of chemicals destroys the soil ecosystem. At present, saline-alkali soil improvement is still a complex project. The soil conditioner with single component also has the problems of incomplete improvement effect, large dosage, perennial use and the like.
The invention CN201710424974.6 discloses an alkaline earth soil conditioner, which comprises the main components of desulfurized gypsum, ferrous sulfate and citric acid, can effectively reduce the pH value and the salinity and alkalinity of soil, improves the soil structure in a short time after the salinity and alkalinity is reduced, but does not last, and deteriorates and aggravates the salinity and alkalinity after the salinity and alkalinity is returned for 2 to 3 years. Furthermore, the direct application of large amounts of the acidic substance citric acid to the soil causes irreversible damage to plant roots and soil microorganisms. The conditioner also does not increase the nutrient content of the soil.
The prior art has single effect and is not sustainable, the application is required all the year round, and the cost is high. For example, the conditioner disclosed in the invention CN201710424974.6 of china only focuses on reducing saline and alkaline, and directly applies organic acid, neglecting the tolerance of plants and microorganisms, and is easy to cause the damage of soil ecosystem. But also neglects to improve the soil structure and increase the soil nutrient, and can play a certain effect in a short time, but is difficult to continue.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil modifier in a first aspect, and the modifier comprises modified biomass charcoal, desulfurized gypsum and acidic organic fertilizer.
No mention is made of the components being unavoidable impurities in the material or during the preparation of the modifier and known or unknown minor components having no discernible influence on the properties of the product.
In some embodiments, the modifier comprises, in weight percent: 10% -40% (e.g., 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%) of modified biomass charcoal, 30% -70% (e.g., 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%) of desulfurized gypsum, and 10% -40% (e.g., 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%) of acidic organic fertilizer.
The sum of the percentages by weight of the aforementioned materials is 100%, apart from unavoidable impurities or unpredictable minor constituents.
In some embodiments, the modifier material comprises 30% modified biomass charcoal, 45% desulfurized gypsum and 25% acid organic fertilizer by weight percentage.
In some embodiments, the modified biomass char is an organic acid-modified biomass char.
The organic acid can be selected from organic acids which can be combined with the biomass charcoal and have certain slow release capacity and are harmless to plant growth.
In some embodiments, the modified biomass charcoal is prepared by the steps of:
(a) performing anaerobic or anoxic cracking on the biomass charcoal raw material at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ (such as 520 ℃, 540 ℃, 560 ℃, 580 ℃) to obtain a cracked biomass charcoal raw material;
(b) crushing and sieving the cracked biomass charcoal raw material, and taking particles with the particle size of 1-3mm to obtain biomass charcoal particles;
(c) and mixing the biomass charcoal particles with organic acid to obtain the modified biomass charcoal.
In some embodiments, the step of preparing the modified biomass char further comprises:
(d) and drying the modified biomass charcoal to obtain the dried modified biomass charcoal.
In some embodiments, the biomass char feedstock is selected from any one of crop straw, branches, wood chips, peanut shells, wood, or combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, the organic acid is selected from any one of citric acid, wood vinegar, oxalic acid, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the organic acid is an aqueous solution of an organic acid at a concentration of 30% to 80% (e.g., 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%) by weight/volume.
In some embodiments, the organic acid is an aqueous solution of an organic acid having a concentration of 60% by weight volume.
In some embodiments, in step (a), the time of anaerobic lysis is: 1-3 h.
In some embodiments, in step (c), the weight ratio of the biomass char particles to the organic acid is: (10:1) - (10:5).
In some embodiments, in step (c), the weight ratio of the biomass char particles to the organic acid is: 10:3.
In some embodiments, the calcium sulfate dihydrate content of the desulfurized gypsum is greater than or equal to 93%.
In some embodiments, the acidic organic fertilizer is selected from humic acid.
In some embodiments, the purity of the acidic organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 60%.
The invention provides a preparation method of a modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver, which comprises the following steps: the modified biomass charcoal, the desulfurized gypsum and the acidic organic fertilizer in the material of the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver are mixed to obtain the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver.
The third aspect of the invention provides an improvement method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver is added into the saline-alkali soil to be improved.
In some embodiments, the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver is added to the saline-alkali soil to be improved to a depth of 10-50 cm (e.g., 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm, 45 cm).
In some embodiments, the amount of the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver is 1.5 to 8 tons/mu.
In some embodiments, the amount of the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver is 2.5 to 4.5 tons/mu.
The biomass charcoal is a porous solid particulate matter which is highly aromatic and rich in carbon and is generated by pyrolysis of carbon-rich biomass under the condition of no oxygen or lack of oxygen. It contains a great deal of carbon and plant nutrient substances, has rich pore structures, larger specific surface area and more oxygen-containing active groups on the surface. The biomass charcoal and the biomass extract (wood vinegar) can solve the problems of soil impoverishment, soil pollution, soil degradation, fertilizer reduction and the like. The biomass charcoal has strong adsorbability, can solve the problem of soil hardening and can also solve the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate because the biomass charcoal can control the slow release of the fertilizer, and meanwhile, the charcoal can play a good role in preserving water, improving ground temperature and improving microbial environment. The biochar can be stored in soil for a long time after being buried underground, and the soil is improved for a long time.
Based on the biomass charcoal, the biomass charcoal has adsorptivity, stability and rich nutrition, can promote the structure formation of soil granules, and solves the problem of soil hardening. The invention modifies the biochar to make the biochar negative acid (organic acid) applied to saline-alkali soil, the acidic substance is slowly released, which not only can permanently reduce the pH value of the soil and increase the nutrients of the soil, but also can improve the soil structure for a long time, effectively increases the water permeability and air permeability of the soil and effectively improves the growth and development conditions of crop roots.
The desulfurized gypsum is an industrial byproduct generated by adopting a limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization process to carry out flue gas desulphurization in coal-fired thermal power plants and steel-making enterprises, and the main component of the desulfurized gypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate. The desulfurized gypsum has good effects of neutralizing carbonate, reducing the alkalization degree and the pH value, and is generally applied to the improvement of the saline-alkali soil at present.
The humic acid has rich resources, large reserves, wide distribution and good grade in China. Humic acid is rich in nutrient substances, has the functions of improving soil, stimulating crop growth, improving the quality of agricultural products and the like, and is widely used for producing organic fertilizers at present. The humic acid is applied to make up for the problem of insufficient fertility of cultivated land, and rich fertilizer resources are provided for healthy growth of crops.
The modified biomass charcoal can continuously neutralize acidic substances in saline-alkali soil, reduce the pH value of the soil, promote the formation of a soil aggregate structure, permanently improve the soil structure and increase the water and air permeability of the soil. The sodium ions in the soil are replaced by the desulfurized gypsum, so that the alkalization degree of the soil is reduced, the soil structure is improved, and the pH value of the soil is reduced. Humic acid increases soil nutrients, improves soil fertility and promotes plant growth. The three components are matched with each other, and the saline-alkali soil can be obviously improved.
The modified biomass charcoal can promote the formation of a soil granular structure, increase the air permeability of soil, improve the soil structure, slowly release acidic substances, continuously neutralize alkaline substances in the soil, reduce the pH of the soil, and cannot influence the growth of plants and microorganisms due to the excessive release of the acidic substances at one time. The calcium ions of the desulfurized gypsum can efficiently replace the sodium ions in the soil, and the alkalization degree of the soil is reduced. Humic acid as an organic fertilizer can not only increase soil nutrients, but also promote the growth of soil microorganisms. The three components are mixed according to a certain proportion to obtain the modified carbon-based saline-alkali soil modifier, and the modified carbon-based saline-alkali soil modifier has a good saline-alkali soil modification effect.
The invention adopts the traditional desulfurized gypsum and humic acid to improve the saline-alkali soil and creatively adds the modified biomass charcoal. After the biomass charcoal is subjected to negative acid, the biomass charcoal becomes acidic from alkalinity, and becomes modified biomass charcoal, so that the soil structure can be improved, the soil permeability is increased, and the salt discharge is facilitated. The organic acid can be slowly released to neutralize alkaline substances in the soil, the PH value of the soil is reduced, the effect is durable, and the plant and microorganism growth cannot be harmed. The three components are mutually matched to reduce the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil, improve the soil structure and increase the air permeability of the soil; the soil nutrient content is improved, the effect is long-acting, the annual use is not needed, the dosage is reduced compared with the traditional saline-alkali soil conditioner, and the cost is saved.
The modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil modifier has the following good technical effects:
1. the biomass charcoal is used for improving the saline-alkali soil, promoting the formation of a soil granular structure, increasing the number of soil capillaries, improving the soil structure, and being beneficial to salt leaching, salt washing and salt return prevention.
2. Because the biomass charcoal shows alkalinity, the PH value of the soil can be increased by singly applying the biomass charcoal to saline-alkali soil, and the opposite effect is achieved. Utilize modified biomass charcoal improvement saline and alkaline land, the innovative biomass charcoal is modified, makes this biomass charcoal that shows basicity modify for showing acidic biomass charcoal, not only can improve the soil structure, can also reduce soil PH, because biomass charcoal is porous structure, has very strong adsorptivity, can not release acid in the short time behind the biomass charcoal burden acid is whole, but slow release, so both can not harm the growth of plant and microorganism, play the effect that lasts reduction soil PH again.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The preparation process of the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver is shown in fig. 1, and the following examples are specifically referred.
Example 1: preparation of modified biomass charcoal
The preparation method of the modified biomass charcoal comprises the following steps:
(1) taking corn straws, and carrying out anaerobic cracking for 2h at 550 ℃ to obtain cracked corn straws;
(2) crushing cracked corn straws, sieving, and taking particles with the particle size of 1-3mm to obtain biomass charcoal particles;
(3) taking biomass charcoal particles, adding a citric acid aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 60%, wherein the weight ratio of the citric acid aqueous solution to the biomass charcoal particles is 10:3, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture;
(4) and (3) airing the mixture to obtain the modified biomass charcoal, namely the citric acid modified corn straw biomass.
Example 2: preparation of modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver
A modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following steps:
the modified biomass charcoal, the desulfurized gypsum and the humic acid prepared in the example 1 are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 6:9:5 to form the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver.
The desulfurization gypsum used in the embodiment is an industrial byproduct generated by flue gas desulfurization of coal-fired thermal power plants and steel-making enterprises by a limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization process, the main component of the desulfurization gypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate, the content of the calcium sulfate dihydrate is more than or equal to 93 percent, and the heavy metal content of a desulfurization gypsum sample needs to be measured before application, so that the desulfurization gypsum meets the national agricultural standard.
Test example:
reference application method:
(1) when the land is prepared after autumn harvest, the modifying agent is uniformly scattered on the surface of the saline-alkali soil to be modified, a large and medium tractor is used for deep loosening and rotary tillage, the tillage depth is more than 30 cm, no tillage leakage is caused, and the modifying agent and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed.
(2) The dosage of the soil structure improver per mu is 1.5 to 3.5 tons. 1.5 tons/mu of mild saline-alkali soil; 2.5 tons/mu of moderate saline-alkali soil; 3.5 tons/mu of severe saline-alkali soil; 4.5-8 tons/mu of extremely severe saline-alkali soil.
(3) And selecting storage and irrigation salt sprinkling measures such as 'autumn irrigation' and 'spring irrigation' according to actual needs and river water conditions, wherein the irrigation quantity is 100-120 tons/mu each time. Wherein, the autumn watering is mainly carried out from 10 months to 11 months every year, the water is concentrated, and the effects of salt washing, salt inhibition, water storage, soil moisture supply, seedling preservation and growth promotion are mainly achieved; the spring irrigation time is about 3-5 months per year, the ablation of frozen soil, salt washing and inhibition, water storage and moisture preservation can be promoted, and the requirements of seed germination and seedling growth on moisture during spring sowing are ensured.
And (3) actual test:
the test area is located in inner Mongolia autonomous region Chifeng city Barlin Bayangsahexa, the pH value of the soil is measured to be 10.0, the salt content is 12.9g/kg, and the test area belongs to extremely severe saline-alkali soil.
6 tons/mu of the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is applied to adjacent plots. The pH value and the salt content of the soil after one year of application. Planting the oil sunflower in the next year, and recording the emergence rate. The method and apparatus for measuring pH and total salt content are shown in Table 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 measurement methods and apparatus, etc
TABLE 2 statistics of soil improvement
As is clear from Table 2, the pH and the total salt content of the modifier added in example 2 were reduced to 8.5 and 4.5g/kg, respectively, to thereby yield a moderately saline-alkali soil.
The emergence rates of the oil sunflowers in the extremely severe saline-alkali soil and the severe saline-alkali soil are generally zero, and the oil sunflowers can be planted in the land after one-year improvement. The experiments show that the modifier in the embodiment 2 can effectively improve the salt alkalinity of the soil, increase the soil fertility and improve the crop yield.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A modified biomass charcoal based saline-alkali soil improver comprises modified biomass charcoal, desulfurized gypsum and acidic organic fertilizer.
2. The improver according to claim 1, wherein the improver comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 10-40% of modified biomass charcoal, 30-70% of desulfurized gypsum and 10-40% of acidic organic fertilizer;
preferably, the modifier comprises 30% of modified biomass charcoal, 45% of desulfurized gypsum and 25% of acidic organic fertilizer in percentage by weight.
3. The improver of claim 1, wherein said modified biomass char is an organic acid-modified biomass char.
4. The improver of claim 1 or 3, wherein said modified biomass char is prepared by the steps of:
(a) performing anaerobic or anoxic pyrolysis on the biomass charcoal raw material at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ to obtain a pyrolyzed biomass charcoal raw material;
(b) crushing and sieving the cracked biomass charcoal raw material, and taking particles with the particle size of 1-3mm to obtain biomass charcoal particles;
(c) mixing the biomass charcoal particles with organic acid to obtain modified biomass charcoal;
preferably, the preparation step of the modified biomass charcoal further comprises:
(d) and drying the modified biomass charcoal to obtain the dried modified biomass charcoal.
5. The improver of claim 4, wherein the biomass charcoal raw material is selected from any one of crop straw, branches, wood chips, peanut shells, wood or a combination thereof;
preferably, the organic acid is selected from any one or combination of citric acid, wood vinegar and oxalic acid;
preferably, the organic acid is an organic acid aqueous solution with the weight volume concentration of 30-80%;
more preferably, the organic acid is an aqueous solution of an organic acid having a weight volume concentration of 60%;
preferably, in step (a), the anaerobic lysis is for a period of time: 1-3 h;
preferably, in the step (c), the weight ratio of the biomass charcoal particles to the organic acid is: (10:1) - (10: 5);
more preferably, in step (c), the weight ratio of the biomass charcoal particles to the organic acid is: 10:3.
6. The improver according to claim 1, wherein the content of calcium sulfate dihydrate of said desulfurized gypsum is 93% or more.
7. The improver according to claim 1, wherein said acidic organic fertilizer is selected from the group consisting of humic acid;
preferably, the purity of the acidic organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 60 percent.
8. A preparation method of a modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following steps: mixing the modified biomass charcoal, the desulfurized gypsum and the acidic organic fertilizer in the material of the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 7 to obtain the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver.
9. An improvement method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: adding the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7 to a saline-alkali soil to be improved.
10. The improvement method of claim 9, wherein the depth of adding the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver to the saline-alkali soil to be improved is 10-50 cm;
preferably, the amount of the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver is 1.5-8 tons/mu;
preferably, the amount of the modified biomass charcoal-based saline-alkali soil improver is 2.5-4.5 tons/mu.
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