CN110547065B - Method for improving saline-alkali soil by using composite waste - Google Patents
Method for improving saline-alkali soil by using composite waste Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes, which relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement and comprises the following steps: s1, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the coastal saline-alkali soil to be modified, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1800 plus 2000 kg/mu; s2, carrying out rotary tillage on the coastal saline-alkali soil for 15-20 cm; s3, deeply turning the rotary-tilled coastal saline-alkali soil by 30-40 cm; s4, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1800 plus 2000 kg/mu; s5, carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil for 15-20 cm; s6, after 1-2 months, irrigating the land, washing salt and discharging alkali. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by the composite wastes has the advantages of utilizing the industrial wastes such as the desulfurized gypsum, the steel slag and the like, reducing the improvement cost and reducing the salinity and the pH value in the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using composite wastes.
Background
Land salinization is a worldwide problem facing mankind, and can cause two kinds of harm to plants: firstly, the plant poisoning effect is that when the plant absorbs more sodium ions or chloride ions, the structure and the function of a cell membrane can be changed, and finally the plant death can be caused; secondly, the osmotic pressure of the soil is improved, resistance is caused to the absorption action of plant roots, the water absorption of the plants is difficult, and the plants are dehydrated and wilted, so that the plants die finally.
At present, the saline-alkali soil in China is distributed as follows: 1. northwest inland saline-alkali area: including most areas of Sinkiang, the Chadamu basin of the Qinghai, the Hexi corridor and the inner Mongolia western region of Gansu; 2. the middle upper half arid saline-alkali area of yellow river: including Qinghai, eastern part of Gansu, Ningxia, river sleeve area of inner Mongolia and river valley plain of Shanxi and Shanxi; 3. saline-alkali area of arid and semi-arid depression in Huang-Huai-Hai plain: including the yellow river downstream, the sea river plain, the yellow-Huai plain; 4. northeast semi-moist semi-arid low-lying saline and alkaline area: including Songnen plain, basin of Liaoxi, three river plain and Helunebel area; 5. coastal semi-wet saline-alkali area: including east China, south China and the coastal areas of the North and south China.
The environment of each saline-alkali area is different, so the treatment focus is also different. Taking coastal semi-wet saline-alkali areas (also called coastal saline-alkali soil) as an example, the coastal saline-alkali soil is mainly characterized in that: the saline-alkali soil contains more water-soluble salts or alkaline substances, and a series of physical properties of the saline-alkali soil are deteriorated due to accumulation of a large amount of salts in the soil; or a viscous saline-alkali soil: the structure is viscous, the air permeability is not good, the volume weight is high, the soil temperature rises slowly, the activity of aerobic microorganisms in the soil is poor, the nutrient release is slow, the permeability coefficient is low, the capillary action is strong, or sandy saline-alkali soil: the water holding capacity and the soil fertility in the field are low, the saturation extraction mineralization degree of the soil is very high, and the surface soil salinity is seriously accumulated due to soil evaporation.
The desulfurized gypsum is flue gas desulfurized gypsum, the main components of which are the same as natural gypsum, and is industrial gypsum obtained by coal or oil burning industrial enterprises after treating sulfur dioxide in flue gas. Because the production capacity of enterprises is large, the flue gas desulfurization gypsum formed by treating flue gas has large quantity and is difficult to be quickly and effectively treated. Meanwhile, along with the development of the steel industry, a large amount of waste residues are generated, and the accumulation of the large amount of waste residues not only occupies land resources, but also can cause environmental pollution and potential safety hazards. And because the steel slag is easy to pulverize and is not well utilized at present, the problem to be solved is how to reasonably and effectively utilize industrial wastes such as desulfurized gypsum, steel slag and the like to improve coastal saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using composite wastes, which has the advantages of reducing the salinity and pH value in the soil by using industrial wastes such as desulfurized gypsum, steel slag, etc.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the coastal saline-alkali soil to be modified, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1800 plus 2000 kg/mu;
s2, carrying out rotary tillage on the coastal saline-alkali soil for 15-20 cm;
s3, deeply turning the rotary-tilled coastal saline-alkali soil by 30-40 cm;
s4, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1800 plus 2000 kg/mu;
s5, carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil for 15-20 cm;
s6, after 1-2 months, irrigating the land, washing salt and discharging alkali;
the desulfurization gypsum modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10-15 parts of coal slag, 15-25 parts of slag, 5-10 parts of iron powder, 5-15 parts of steel slag, 5-10 parts of furfural slag and 10-15 parts of organic fertilizer.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because the permeability of saline and alkaline land is general very poor, at first need break the intermediate layer, carry out the rotary tillage after throwing the desulfurization gypsum amendment with it, improve it to the soil that has good water permeability and permeability, turn over deeply and make the improvement degree of depth increase of soil, throw the desulfurization gypsum amendment once more, improve the soil that turns over once more, after the rotary tillage, the desalinization of watering goes out soluble salinity.
Because calcium ions in the desulfurized gypsum are adopted to exchange replaceable sodium ions on the soil colloid, the sodium ions are transferred into the irrigation water from the soil colloid, and soluble sodium ions are discharged along with the irrigation water; the organic fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matters, which play a role in buffering harmful anions and cations in soil, and the organic matters generate a large amount of organic acids in the decomposition process, so that on one hand, the alkalinity of the soil can be neutralized, on the other hand, the nutrient decomposition can be accelerated, the effective nutrient conversion can be promoted, the phosphorus effectiveness can be improved, the rooting and seedling protection can be facilitated, and the solubility of soluble salts in the soil can be reduced.
Sulfate and calcium silicate sol in the steel slag and saline-alkali soil are subjected to a series of ion exchange and neutralization reactions to produce sulfate with acidic pH and good water solubility, and further, when water is poured into the soil, salt in the soil is discharged, rich chemical components in the steel slag can also improve and fertilize the soil, the steel slag contains elements such as iron, magnesium, sulfur, silicon, manganese, aluminum and the like, so that the crops are not easy to suffer from plant diseases and insect pests, and the contained phosphorus pentoxide can realize yield increase for the soil; the coal slag and the mineral powder can provide nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium and the like and various trace elements, and are beneficial to loosening soil, improving the air permeability of the soil, adjusting the temperature and the pH value of the soil and increasing and supplementing soil nutrient substances; the furfural residues are wastes generated in the biomass hydrolysis process, are acidic, contain a large amount of cellulose and lignin, can neutralize the alkalinity of soil, increase organic matters in the soil and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the furfural residues, coal residues and slag are mixed for use, so that the soil improvement effect is better.
Further, the desulfurized gypsum is pretreated by the following steps:
(1) putting the desulfurized gypsum into acetic acid with the concentration of 0.5-1.5mol/L, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, reacting for 0.5-1h, roasting, and crushing, wherein the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the acetic acid is 1: 2-3;
(2) uniformly mixing 12-22 parts by weight of straw leavening, 5-8 parts by weight of citric acid, 0.01-0.03 part by weight of microbial agent and 15-25 parts by weight of fly ash, and fermenting at 25-35 ℃ for 5-10 days to obtain leavening;
(3) uniformly mixing 20-25 parts by weight of the desulfurized gypsum prepared in the step (1), 10-15 parts by weight of the fermentation product prepared in the step (2), 2-7 parts by weight of sodium lignosulfonate and 35-50 parts by weight of water, granulating and drying.
By adopting the technical scheme, in order to promote the capability of calcium ions in the desulfurized gypsum to replace sodium ions in soil colloid, acetic acid is used as an accelerant, ultrasonic treatment is simultaneously used to enhance the replacement capability of the calcium ions, the straw fermentation product can reduce the harm of salt and alkali to crops, citric acid, a microbial agent and fly ash are used for mixed fermentation, the fly ash is the main waste of a thermal power plant, contains abundant trace elements such as boron, sulfur, zinc, copper, calcium and the like, has loose texture and large pores, can improve and supplement soil nutrients, and sodium lignosulfonate has good chelating capability to heavy metals, can reduce the heavy metal pollution of soil and improve the alkalinity of the soil.
Further, the pH value of the pretreated desulfurized gypsum is 6.3-6.6, the water content is 15-16.4%, and the particle size is 45-55 mu m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the desulfurized gypsum is in weak acidity after being pretreated, and can be used for oxidizing the iron powder and reacting with heavy phosphate in soil under the synergistic action of the desulfurized gypsum and the iron powder, so that the alkalinity in the soil is neutralized, the pH value of the soil is reduced, and the soil is enabled to be alkaline
Further, the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 520-.
Further, the microbial agent is bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 0.2-0.5:0.1-0.3: 0.1-0.4.
Further, the straw fermentation product is prepared by mixing and stacking the corn straw crushed product, the vinasse and the wormcast according to the mass ratio of 1:5-6:10-15 for 10-15 days.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the maize straw rubbing crusher makes saline and alkaline land soil organic matter content and porosity increase, and the water permeability improves, thereby provides the decomposition that the nutrient increases the microorganism for soil microorganism, behind the fermented maize straw rubbing crusher of lees, enables the straw to decompose fast in soil to improve organic matter and quick-acting potassium's content in the soil, do not contain the bacterium in the earthworm excrement after the fermentation, do not have the influence to plant roots.
Further, the steel slag is pretreated by the following steps: adding 1-3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol particles into 3-6 parts by weight of water, uniformly stirring, and heating to 50-70 ℃; adding 0.6-1.2 parts by weight of boron trioxide into 1.5-3.5 parts by weight of steel slag, uniformly mixing, adding into polyvinyl alcohol solution, uniformly stirring, curing at room temperature, and crushing to obtain the powder with the average particle size of 20-50 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved after being added into water, the boron trioxide can be mixed with the steel slag, after the polyvinyl alcohol is solidified, the boron trioxide and the steel slag are wrapped in the polyvinyl alcohol, when the polyvinyl alcohol is applied to soil, the polyvinyl alcohol is gradually degraded, the steel slag and the boron trioxide are released, the boron trioxide can prevent the steel slag from being pulverized, so that the steel slag has a continuous function, and the improvement effect is durable.
Further, the organic fertilizer is fermented cow dung, wormcast and sun-dried chicken manure with the mass ratio of 1:0.8-1.1: 0.5-0.9.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fermented cow dung and the dried chicken dung can condition soil, activate microbial activity in the soil, overcome soil hardening, increase air permeability of the soil, reduce water loss and drought pressure, maintain fertilizer, reduce chemical fertilizer, reduce saline-alkali damage, improve soil fertility, supplement soil organic matters, activate nitrogen in the air, decompose and release indissolvable phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and have lasting fertilizer effect; the wormcast is soft and free from peculiar smell, has a good granular structure and strong water retention capacity, contains various trace elements, humic acid, plant growth hormone and beneficial soil microorganisms besides the macroelements required by plants, can effectively improve the salinization of soil, and is suitable for treating the soil polluted by heavy metals.
Further, the preparation method of the desulfurized gypsum modifier comprises the following steps: adding the desulfurized gypsum, the coal slag, the steel slag and the slag into a grinder, grinding and mixing, and grinding to obtain particles with the particle size of 10-50 mu m; adding iron powder, furfural residues and organic fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the desulfurized gypsum modifier.
By adopting the technical scheme, the desulfurized gypsum, the coal slag, the steel slag and the slag are crushed and are mixed with the iron powder. The furfural residue and the organic fertilizer are mixed, and the prepared desulfurized gypsum modifier reasonably utilizes industrial wastes such as slag, coal slag and the like, improves the capability of the desulfurized gypsum in improving saline-alkali soil, and reduces the salt content and alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil.
Further, the amount of water injected in the step S6 is 100-150m3The number of lavages is 1-3 per mu.
By adopting the technical scheme, the irrigation water is used for salt washing and alkali removal, the salt and the alkaline substances on the surface of the soil are transferred into the solution from the soil and enter underground water or a drainage channel along with the irrigation water to be discharged so as to prevent the secondary alkalization of the soil.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, because the desulfurization gypsum modifier is firstly thrown on the soil surface, and rotary tillage is carried out, the hardening of the soil surface is eliminated, the air permeability and the permeability of the soil are increased, the plowing depth is increased so as to increase the soil improvement depth, the desulfurization gypsum modifier is thrown again so as to improve the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil, and water is irrigated again so that replaceable sodium ions are transferred into the soil solution from the soil colloid and enter underground water or a drainage channel along with irrigation water to be discharged; because the saline-alkali soil is treated by using industrial wastes such as desulfurized gypsum, steel slag, coal slag, mineral slag and the like, the wastes are recycled, the cost for improving the saline-alkali soil is reduced, the improvement speed of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and the nutrient content in the soil is increased.
Secondly, in the invention, the desulfurized gypsum is preferably treated by acetic acid to enhance the capability of the desulfurized gypsum to replace sodium ions in soil colloid, and simultaneously, the desulfurized gypsum is mixed with straw fermentation products, citric acid, fly ash, sodium lignosulfonate and the like for pretreatment, so that the pretreated desulfurized gypsum becomes weak acid, is neutralized with alkaline soil, chelates heavy metal ions in the soil, improves the saline and alkaline soil, enhances the air permeability and permeability of the soil, prevents the soil from hardening again, and increases nutrient substances in the soil.
Thirdly, in the invention, the steel slag is preferably treated by adopting polyvinyl alcohol and diboron trioxide, the polyvinyl alcohol wraps the diboron trioxide and the steel slag to prevent the early pulverization of the steel slag, the polyvinyl alcohol is degraded after entering the soil, the steel slag and the diboron trioxide are released, and the diboron trioxide can continuously prevent the pulverization of the steel slag, so that the steel slag can continuously exert the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Preparation examples 1 to 3 of Steel slag
The polyvinyl alcohol of preparation examples 1 to 3 was selected from polyvinyl alcohol sold by Fufu trade Co., Ltd. of jin in Zhengzhou city under the brand number of 24 to 88, the diboron trioxide was selected from diboron trioxide sold by Kapler Biotech Co., Ltd. in Shandong under the brand number of KPL8 to 28934, and the steel slag was selected from steel slag sold by Ling county and Shunshun product processing plant under the brand number of 016.
Preparation example 1: adding 1kg of polyvinyl alcohol particles into 3kg of water, uniformly stirring, and heating to 50 ℃; adding 0.6kg of boron trioxide into 1.5kg of steel slag, uniformly mixing, adding into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, uniformly stirring, curing at room temperature, and crushing to obtain the average particle size of 20 mm.
Preparation example 2: adding 2kg of polyvinyl alcohol particles into 4.5kg of water, uniformly stirring, and heating to 60 ℃; adding 0.9kg of boron trioxide into 2.5kg of steel slag, uniformly mixing, adding into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, uniformly stirring, curing at room temperature, and crushing to obtain the average particle size of 30 mm.
Preparation example 3: adding 3kg of polyvinyl alcohol particles into 6kg of water, uniformly stirring, and heating to 70 ℃; adding 1.2kg of boron trioxide into 3.5kg of steel slag, uniformly mixing, adding into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, uniformly stirring, curing at room temperature, and crushing to obtain the powder with the average particle size of 50 mm.
Examples
In examples 1-5, the desulfurized gypsum is selected from desulfurized gypsum sold by Yuyi Dengfeng gypsum product factory under the condition of having the product number of 023, the slag is selected from slag sold by Zhengying mineral processing factory in Lingshu county under the condition of having the product number of S-95, the cinder is selected from cinder sold by Xinfu mineral processing factory in Lingshu county under the condition of having the product number of XF-17, the iron powder is selected from iron powder sold by Lingshu Lingfu mineral processing factory under the brand number of RB, the furfural slag is selected from furfural slag sold by Shandong Xinyi chemical engineering science and technology Limited under the condition of having the product number of 06, the vinasse is selected from vinasse sold by Yongduo feed factory in Lingyu No. 40129, the bacillus laterosporus sold by Shandong Kufeng Biotechnology Limited under the condition of having the product number of lichen 051007, the bacillus is selected from bacillus sold by Shandong Green Ganlong Biotech Limited under the condition of having the product number of 0036, the Bacillus subtilis sold by Shandong Biotech Limited Inc under the product company of No. of Subtu B., the sodium lignosulfonate is selected from sodium lignosulfonate of WS type sold by Wuhana white pharmaceutical chemical industry Co., Ltd, and the citric acid is selected from citric acid of Y-54030 type sold by Yiqi rich chemical company Co., Ltd, Suzhou.
Example 1: a method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the coastal saline-alkali soil to be modified, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1800 kg/mu;
s2, carrying out rotary tillage on the coastal saline-alkali soil for 15 cm;
s3, deeply ploughing the rotary-tilled coastal saline-alkali soil by 30 cm;
s4, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1800 kg/mu;
s5, carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil for 15 cm;
s6, after 1 month, irrigating water to the ground, washing salt and removing alkali, wherein the irrigation amount is 100m3Per mu, the frequency of lavage is1 time;
the desulfurization gypsum modifier is prepared from the raw materials in the following proportion in the table 1 according to the following method:
adding 20kg of desulfurized gypsum, 10kg of coal slag, 5kg of steel slag and 15kg of slag into a pulverizer, pulverizing and mixing, and pulverizing to obtain particles with the particle size of 10 mu m; adding 5kg of iron powder, 5kg of furfural residues and 10kg of organic fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to prepare the desulfurized gypsum modifier; the steel slag is prepared by the preparation example 1, the organic fertilizer is fermented cow dung, wormcast and sun-dried chicken manure with the mass ratio of 1:0.8:0.5, and the fermented cow dung is prepared by mixing the dried cow dung, a cow dung leavening agent and rice bran with the mass ratio of 1:0.03:1.1 and fermenting for 48 hours at 70 ℃; the desulfurized gypsum is prepared by the following pretreatment: (1) putting the desulfurized gypsum into acetic acid with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, reacting for 1h, roasting, and crushing, wherein the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the acetic acid is 1: 2;
(2) uniformly mixing 12kg of straw fermentation product, 5kg of citric acid, 0.01kg of microbial agent and 15kg of fly ash, and fermenting at 25 ℃ for 10 days to obtain a fermentation product;
wherein the straw fermentation product is prepared by mixing, stacking and decomposing a corn straw crushed product, vinasse and wormcast in a mass ratio of 1:5:10 for 10 days; the microbial agent is bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 0.2:0.1: 0.1;
(3) and (2) uniformly mixing 20kg of the desulfurized gypsum prepared in the step (1), 10kg of the fermentation product prepared in the step (2), 2kg of sodium lignosulfonate and 35kg of water, granulating, and drying, wherein the treated desulfurized gypsum has the pH value of 6.3, the water content of 15% and the particle size of 45 microns.
TABLE 1 raw material proportions of desulfurized gypsum modifier in examples 1 to 5
Example 2: a method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the coastal saline-alkali soil to be modified, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1900 kg/mu;
s2, carrying out rotary tillage on the coastal saline-alkali soil for 18 cm;
s3, deeply ploughing the rotary-tilled coastal saline-alkali soil by 35 cm;
s4, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1900 kg/mu;
s5, carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil for 18 cm;
s6, after 1.5 months, irrigating the land, washing salt and discharging alkali, wherein the irrigation amount is 130m 3/mu, and the irrigation times are 2 times;
the desulfurization gypsum modifier is prepared from the raw materials in the following proportion in the table 1 according to the following method:
adding 25kg of desulfurized gypsum, 11kg of coal slag, 8kg of steel slag and 18kg of slag into a pulverizer, pulverizing and mixing, and pulverizing to a particle size of 30 μm; adding 6kg of iron powder, 6kg of furfural residues and 11kg of organic fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to prepare the desulfurized gypsum modifier; the steel slag is prepared by preparation example 2, the organic fertilizer is fermented cow dung, wormcast and sun-dried chicken manure with the mass ratio of 1:0.9:0.7, and the fermented cow dung is prepared by mixing the dried cow dung, a cow dung leavening agent and rice bran with the mass ratio of 1:0.05:1.3 and fermenting for 45 hours at 73 ℃; the desulfurized gypsum is prepared by the following pretreatment: (1) putting the desulfurized gypsum into acetic acid with the concentration of 1mol/L, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, reacting for 0.8h, roasting, and crushing, wherein the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the acetic acid is 1: 2.5;
(2) uniformly mixing 17kg of straw fermentation product, 6kg of citric acid, 0.02kg of microbial agent and 20kg of fly ash, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 8 days to obtain a fermentation product;
wherein the straw fermentation product is prepared by mixing, stacking and decomposing a crushed corn straw, vinasse and wormcast in a mass ratio of 1:5.5:13 for 13 days; the microbial agent is bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 0.3:0.2: 0.2;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing 23kg of the desulfurized gypsum prepared in the step (1), 13kg of the fermentation product prepared in the step (2), 5kg of sodium lignosulfonate and 45kg of water, granulating, and drying, wherein the treated desulfurized gypsum has the pH value of 6.5, the water content of 15.7% and the particle size of 50 microns.
Example 3: a method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the coastal saline-alkali soil to be modified, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 2000 kg/mu;
s2, carrying out rotary tillage on the coastal saline-alkali soil for 20 cm;
s3, deeply ploughing the rotary-tilled coastal saline-alkali soil by 40 cm;
s4, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 2000 kg/mu;
s5, carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil for 20 cm;
s6, irrigating the land 2 months later, washing salt and removing alkali, wherein the irrigation amount is 150m3Per mu, the number of lavages is 3;
the desulfurization gypsum modifier is prepared from the raw materials in the following proportion in the table 1 according to the following method:
adding 30kg of desulfurized gypsum, 12kg of coal slag, 10kg of steel slag and 20kg of slag into a pulverizer, pulverizing and mixing, and pulverizing to a particle size of 50 μm; adding 7kg of iron powder, 7kg of furfural residues and 12kg of organic fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to prepare the desulfurized gypsum modifier; the steel slag is prepared by a preparation example 3, the organic fertilizer is fermented cow dung, wormcast and sun-dried chicken manure with the mass ratio of 1:1.1:0.9, the fermented cow dung is prepared by mixing the dried cow dung, a cow dung leavening agent and rice bran with the mass ratio of 1:0.07:1.5 and fermenting for 43 hours at 75 ℃; the desulfurized gypsum is prepared by the following pretreatment: (1) putting the desulfurized gypsum into acetic acid with the concentration of 1.5mol/L, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, reacting for 0.5h, roasting, and crushing, wherein the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the acetic acid is 1: 3;
(2) uniformly mixing 22kg of straw fermentation product, 8kg of citric acid, 0.03kg of microbial agent and 25kg of fly ash, and fermenting at 35 ℃ for 5 days to obtain a fermentation product;
wherein the straw fermentation product is prepared by mixing, stacking and decomposing the corn straw crushed product, the vinasse and the wormcast in a mass ratio of 1:6:15 for 15 days; the microbial agent is bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 0.5:0.3: 0.4;
(3) and (2) uniformly mixing 25kg of the desulfurized gypsum prepared in the step (1), 15kg of the fermentation product prepared in the step (2), 7kg of sodium lignosulfonate and 50kg of water, granulating, and drying, wherein the treated desulfurized gypsum has the pH value of 6.6, the water content of 16.4% and the particle size of 55 mu m.
Examples 4 to 5: the difference between the method for modifying the coastal saline-alkali land by the desulfurized gypsum and the example 1 is that the raw material formula of the desulfurized gypsum modifier is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: the method for modifying the coastal saline-alkali land by the desulfurized gypsum is different from the method in the embodiment 1 in that the desulfurized gypsum modifier is not added with the steel slag powder.
Comparative example 2: the method for modifying the coastal saline-alkali land by the desulfurized gypsum is different from the method in the embodiment 1 in that the desulfurized gypsum and iron powder are not added into the desulfurized gypsum modifier.
Comparative example 3: the method for modifying the coastal saline-alkali land by the desulfurized gypsum is different from the method in the embodiment 1 in that the desulfurized gypsum modifier is not added with coal cinder and slag.
Comparative example 4: taking the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the Chinese invention patent with the application number of 201510977555.6 as a reference, taking 52.5g of desulfurized gypsum, 20g of humic acid and 17.5g of citric acid, respectively sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Comparative example 5: the saline-alkali land improving fertilizer based on the desulfurized gypsum prepared in example 1 of the Chinese patent application with the application number of CN201610547221.X is used as a contrast, and the formula of the saline-alkali land improving fertilizer based on the desulfurized gypsum is as follows: 50 parts of dihydrate desulfurized gypsum, 5 parts of urea, 20 parts of cow dung, 1 part of diammonium phosphate, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of ferrous sulfate activator, 3 parts of aluminum hydroxide and 6 parts of furfural residue.
Performance test
1. Dividing a test field of ten acres into ten parts, respectively numbering as No. 1-10 land, correspondingly treating No. 1-5 land by using the method in the embodiment 1-5, and correspondingly treating No. 6-10 land by using the method in the comparative example 1-5; ten fields are treated simultaneously, soil before treatment and soil after treatment are sampled, the EC values and the pH values of the salt concentration (the EC values are used for measuring the concentration of soluble salt in a solution) in the soil with the depth of 20cm, 60cm and 80cm are detected respectively in 0 day, 5 day, 15 day, 25 day and 30 day of treatment, the content of components such as organic matter, available phosphorus and the like in the soil with the depth of 60cm is detected in 30 days, the content of the organic matter, the available phosphorus and the like is detected by a potassium dichromate volumetric method, the content of the available phosphorus is detected by an olsen method, the content of available potassium is detected by an ammonium acetate extraction method by a flame photometer, the content of available nitrogen is detected by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, the salt concentration in the soil is recorded in a table 2, the pH of the soil is recorded in a table 3, and the content of the components such as the organic matter and the like is recorded in a table 4.
TABLE 2 salinity concentration of soil after saline-alkali soil remediation by the methods of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the EC values of the saline-alkali soil treated by the method in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the invention can reach 0.72 to 0.96mS/cm at the 30 th day, which shows that the saline-alkali soil treated by the method of the invention can effectively reduce the content of soluble salts in the soil.
After the No. 6 land is treated, the EC value is gradually reduced, but the EC value is still above 1.84mS/cm at the 30 th day, which shows that the content of soluble salt in the soil can be reduced by the doping of the steel slag powder; after the No. 7 land is treated, the EC value is gradually reduced, the EC value is changed slightly in 5-10 days, and the EC value is still more than 1.68mS/cm in 30 days, which shows that the reduction rate of the EC value can be effectively improved by doping the desulfurized gypsum and the iron powder, and the treatment efficiency of the saline-alkali soil is improved; after the No. 8 land is treated, the EC value is gradually reduced, but the EC value is not greatly changed at 25 days and 30 days, and the EC value is still more than 2.04mS/cm at 30 days, which shows that the EC value of the soil can be reduced by the doping of the coal slag and the slag, and the method has better effect on the long-term treatment of the soil; no. 9 land and No. 10 land are treated by the existing method, the EC value is gradually reduced after treatment, although the EC value is lower than that of No. 6-7 land, compared with No. 1-5 land, the EC value is still higher, and the method in the embodiment 1-5 of the invention has better effect in treating saline-alkali soil.
TABLE 3 pH of soil after saline and alkaline land remediation by the methods of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the pH of the saline-alkali soil treated by the method in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the invention can reach below 7.26 at day 30, which shows that the method for treating saline-alkali soil can effectively reduce the alkali content in the soil and change the original severe saline-alkali soil into weakly alkaline soil.
After No. 6-8 is treated, the pH value is gradually reduced, the soil alkalinity is improved, but the pH value is still above 7.57 at day 30, and the improvement effect is not obvious.
No. 9 and No. 10 land are the prior method for treating saline-alkali soil, after treatment, the pH value is gradually reduced to 7.23-7.43 at the 30 th day, and the soil treatment effect is not as good as that of No. 1-5 land.
Soil property 60cm deep at 430 days on the surface
As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the saline-alkali soil of No. 1-5 treated by the method in the embodiment 1-5 has higher contents of quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium, effective phosphorus and organic matters in the soil; the contents of the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting potassium, the effective phosphorus and the organic matters in the saline-alkali soil No. 6-8 treated by the method in the comparative example 1-3 are obviously reduced compared with those in the saline-alkali soil No. 1-5, and after the saline-alkali soil No. 9 and 10 are treated, although the contents of the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting potassium, the effective phosphorus and the organic matters are higher than those in the saline-alkali soil No. 6-8, the contents of the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting potassium, the effective phosphorus and the organic matters are still lower compared with those in the saline-alkali soil No. 1-5, which shows that the saline-alkali soil treated by the method in the embodiment 1-5 of the invention can improve the physicochemical property of the soil for losing weight of the swallow, the soil is more fertile, and the surface soil layer is not easy to harden.
2. And (3) planting oleaster, sesame, cotton, beet, sweet osmanthus and peanuts on the treated No. 1-10 land respectively, counting the emergence rates of different plants, and recording the emergence results in a table 5.
TABLE 5 emergence rates of different plants on land Nos. 1-10
Because the oleaster is deciduous tree, has strong vitality, has the characteristics of drought resistance, sand resistance, saline and alkaline resistance, barren resistance and the like, has low requirement on the environment, and the emergence rate of the oleaster can reach more than 95 percent when the oleaster is planted in No. 1-10 land.
The pH value of the soil for sesame growth is required to be 6-7, namely slightly acid to neutral, the sesame is not suitable for being planted in strong alkali soil, the rate of emergence of the sesame is more than 85% in No. 1-5 land, which indicates that the treated land is slightly alkaline and is not suitable for the growth of the sesame, but the fertility of the treated soil can improve the rate of emergence of the sesame, and the rate of emergence of the sesame is 81-85% in No. 6-10 land, which indicates that the loss of nutrient substances can reduce the rate of emergence and the growth of the sesame.
The cotton has low requirement on soil, generally, the soil is most ideal in terms of deep soil layer, high fertility, and rich in macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and microelements such as boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper and the like, the cotton is relatively alkali-resistant, the emergence rate in No. 1-5 land is 95-98%, which shows that the nutrient substances in No. 1-5 land treated by the method in the embodiment 1-5 are rich, the acidity and alkalinity are suitable for the growth of the cotton, the emergence rate of cotton in No. 6-10 land is 88-91%, the cotton is relatively alkali-resistant, but the nutrient substances in No. 6-10 land are deficient, so that the emergence rate of the cotton is not as high as that in No. 1-5 land.
The ideal soil condition of the beet is neutral or weakly alkaline, the pH is 6.5-7.2 soil or sandy soil, in No. 1-5 land, the emergence rate of the beet is 96-98%, which indicates that the pH value and fertility degree of the treated soil are suitable for the growth of the beet, while the emergence rate of the beet in No. 6-8 land is lower, only 61-67%, which indicates that the alkalinity degree of No. 6-8 land treated by comparative examples 1-3 is too large, the nutrient substance is deficient, and the emergence rate of the beet is reduced; while the emergence rates of the plots 9 and 10 are 92% and 93%, and the emergence rates are not as good as those of the plots 1 to 5, which indicates that the plots treated by the method in the examples 1 to 5 of the invention are suitable for the growth of the beets.
The osmanthus fragrans has low requirement on soil, can generally grow except alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil which is too viscous and heavy and has unsmooth drainage, is most suitable for subacid sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose fertility and good drainage, has the emergence rate of the osmanthus fragrans of 95-97% in No. 1-5 land, and shows that the treated soil is suitable for the growth of the osmanthus fragrans, has the emergence rate of only 60-65% in No. 6-8 land, because the alkalinity of No. 6-8 land is large, the emergence rates of the osmanthus fragrans of No. 9 and No. 10 land are 85% and 83%, the alkalinity of the land treated by the comparative example 4 and the comparative example 5 is improved, but nutrient substances are lacked, so that the emergence rate of the osmanthus fragrans is low.
The peanuts are suitable for growing in subacid soil with the pH value of 6.0-6.5 and are not tolerant to salt and alkali, the emergence rate of the peanuts in No. 1-5 land is 72-75%, which indicates that the pH value of the treated soil is neutral and weak alkali and is not suitable for the growth of the peanuts, but the fertility of the soil can improve the emergence rate of the peanuts, and in No. 6-10 land, the emergence rate of the peanuts is only 60-68%, which indicates that the nutrient substances in No. 6-10 land are deficient, and the emergence rate of the peanuts is reduced.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the composite wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the coastal saline-alkali soil to be modified, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1800 plus 2000 kg/mu;
s2, carrying out rotary tillage on the coastal saline-alkali soil for 15-20 cm;
s3, deeply turning the rotary-tilled coastal saline-alkali soil by 30-40 cm;
s4, uniformly throwing the desulfurization gypsum modifier on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is 1800 plus 2000 kg/mu;
s5, carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil for 15-20 cm;
s6, after 1-2 months, irrigating the land, washing salt and discharging alkali;
the desulfurization gypsum modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10-15 parts of coal slag, 15-25 parts of slag, 5-10 parts of iron powder, 5-15 parts of steel slag, 5-10 parts of furfural slag and 10-15 parts of organic fertilizer;
the desulfurization gypsum is pretreated by the following steps:
(1) putting the desulfurized gypsum into acetic acid with the concentration of 0.5-1.5mol/L, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation, reacting for 0.5-1h, roasting, and crushing, wherein the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the acetic acid is 1: 2-3;
(2) uniformly mixing 12-22 parts by weight of straw leavening, 5-8 parts by weight of citric acid, 0.01-0.03 part by weight of microbial agent and 15-25 parts by weight of fly ash, and fermenting at 25-35 ℃ for 5-10 days to obtain leavening;
(3) uniformly mixing 20-25 parts by weight of the desulfurized gypsum prepared in the step (1), 10-15 parts by weight of the fermentation product prepared in the step (2), 2-7 parts by weight of sodium lignin sulfonate and 35-50 parts by weight of water, granulating and drying;
the steel slag is pretreated by the following steps: adding 1-3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol particles into 3-6 parts by weight of water, uniformly stirring, and heating to 50-70 ℃; adding 0.6-1.2 parts by weight of boron trioxide into 1.5-3.5 parts by weight of steel slag, uniformly mixing, adding into polyvinyl alcohol solution, uniformly stirring, curing at room temperature, and crushing to obtain the powder with the average particle size of 20-50 mm.
2. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes according to claim 1, wherein the pretreated desulfurized gypsum has a pH of 6.3 to 6.6, a water content of 15 to 16.4 percent and a particle size of 45 to 55 μm.
3. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes as claimed in claim 2, wherein the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 520 ℃ and 560 ℃, and the roasting time is 0.1-0.3 h.
4. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite waste according to claim 2, wherein the microbial agent is bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 0.2-0.5:0.1-0.3: 0.1-0.4.
5. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes according to claim 2, wherein the straw fermentation product is prepared by mixing and stacking the corn straw crushed product, the vinasse and the wormcast in a mass ratio of 1:5-6:10-15 for 10-15 days.
6. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is fermented cow dung, wormcast and sun-dried chicken manure with the mass ratio of 1:0.8-1.1: 0.5-0.9.
7. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of the desulfurization gypsum modifier is as follows: adding the desulfurized gypsum, the coal slag, the steel slag and the slag into a grinder, grinding and mixing, and grinding to obtain particles with the particle size of 10-50 mu m; adding iron powder, furfural residues and organic fertilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the desulfurized gypsum modifier.
8. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by composite wastes according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation amount in the step S6 is 100-150m 3/mu, and the irrigation times are 1-3 times.
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| CN111386781A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-10 | 河北农业大学 | Method for improving coastal saline soil |
| CN111418298A (en) * | 2020-04-11 | 2020-07-17 | 内蒙古中恒蒙福苑建材有限责任公司 | Saline-alkali soil improvement method |
| CN111423890A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-17 | 华荟生态科技有限公司 | Newly-reclaimed soil high-quality plough layer engineering rapid construction material and application method thereof |
| CN111742816A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-09 | 甘肃润源环境资源科技有限公司 | Solid waste reconstruction planting soil |
| CN112779017B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-04-29 | 南京工业大学 | Heavy metal contaminated soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113582762A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-02 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | Compound microbial fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil alfalfa and preparation method thereof |
| CN113575013B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-08-18 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | Moderately severe saline-alkali soil treatment method |
| CN113973654A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-01-28 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | Method for improving emergence rate of alfalfa planting in moderate saline-alkali soil in northern arid area |
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