CN109316535A - 一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物，由附子、甘草、桂枝、牛膝、苍术、红花、茯苓和泽泻制备而成。该中药组合物的制备步骤是：(1)将中药粉碎至30‑100目，按配方量称取，三维混合得中药粉；(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中，加2‑15倍量水煮2‑10小时；(3)过滤除去药渣，所得滤液留置备用；(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中，加2‑15倍量水煮2‑10小时；(5)过滤除去药渣，所得液体与第一次提取液体合并；(6)30‑100℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积10％‑50％，过滤除渣灌装，得成品。本组方具有温通经脉、散寒止痛、祛湿除痹、利水消肿之功效，使用本发明所提供的中药组合物治疗鸡滑膜炎疗效明显，治愈率可达91.49％。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中兽药制剂领域，尤其是一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
鸡滑膜炎又称鸡滑液囊支原体病，该病病原是滑液囊支原体，它是鸡的一种急性到慢性的疾病，主要涉及关节的滑液囊和腱鞘，引起渗出性滑膜炎、腱鞘炎。
该病可水平传播，也可垂直传播。水平传播主要通过空气从呼吸道传播，通常感染率可达100％。垂直传播通过感染该病原的种蛋，感染的雏鸡可在雏鸡群中传播疾病。种母鸡感染之后，通过生殖道排毒长达14～40天。
发病鸡初期精神状况基本正常，但是较同日龄的鸡发育慢、体重轻，鸡冠不发育、颜色苍白、萎缩。随着病情的发展，患病鸡食欲减退，体质瘦弱，羽毛粗乱，生长迟缓，有些病例关节周围组织肿胀、变形、手感软。跗关节和爪垫是主要感染部位，不同程度肿胀，严重者趾关节也肿大变形，部分病鸡龙骨的皮下组织增厚、肿胀，进而行走困难、跛行，步态呈“八”字或呈“踩高跷”状，严重者不能站立。
由于本病较难治愈，病情严重的瘦弱鸡无治疗价值，则直接淘汰；对于病情较轻者，目前多使用抗生素进行治疗，但疗程较长；病情越严重治疗时间越长，效果越差。另一方面，耐药性也使得抗生素的有效性大为减弱。因此，急需开发一种新的治疗途径的药物。中医治疗讲究追根溯源，标本兼治，从根本上解决疾病困扰，因此开发一种能有效治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药制剂成为本领域的热门研究方向之一。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种疗效确切、副作用低的治疗鸡滑膜炎中药组合物的配方。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是：提供上述中药组合物水剂的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物，其特征在于：由如下质量份数的原料制备而成：附子6-12份、甘草6-20份、桂枝12-30份、牛膝8-12份、苍术7-12份、红花5-10份、茯苓8-18份、泽泻12-28份。
进一步地，该中药组合物的最佳原料的质量份数如下：附子12份、甘草12份、桂枝18份、牛膝12份、苍术12份、红花8份、茯苓10份、泽泻16份。
进一步地，所述制剂可以是水剂。
进一步地，该组合物的水剂的制备方法是：(1)将中药粉碎至30-100目，按配方量称取，三维混合得中药粉；(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中，加2-15倍量水煮2-10小时；(3)过滤除去药渣，所得滤液留置备用；(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中，加2-15倍量水煮2-10小时；(5)过滤除去药渣，所得液体与第一次提取液体合并；(6)30-100℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积10％-50％，过滤除渣灌装，得成品。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是：
(1)本组方依据中药理论，科学配伍，具有温通经脉、散寒止痛、祛湿除痹、利水消肿之功效。经临床检验，治疗鸡滑膜炎疗效显著，治愈率可达91.49％。
(2)本组方选用纯天然、无污染的中药为原料，经现代化工艺制备得一中药组合物。用此中药组合物治疗鸡滑膜炎，无药物残留、无副作用，是一种真正的绿色环保型兽药。
(3)本发明各中药原料的药理是：
附子：温通经络，散寒止痛；
甘草：调和药性；
桂枝：温通经脉，散寒止痛；
牛膝：强筋健骨，祛除风湿；
苍术：祛湿除痹；
红花：活血祛瘀；
茯苓：利水渗湿；
泽泻：利水渗湿。
配方之中，附子气雄性悍，走而不守，能温通经络，逐经络中风寒湿邪而散寒止痛；甘草可缓附子毒烈之性；桂枝温通经脉，散寒止痛，桂枝、附子、甘草同用以祛风散寒，通痹止痛。牛膝强筋健骨，兼能祛除风湿，还可利水通淋，治水肿；苍术辛散枯燥，长于祛湿，对痹症湿胜者尤宜；红花活血通经，祛瘀止痛；茯苓甘淡渗湿，利水消肿；泽泻淡渗，利水作用强，与茯苓搭配使用以治疗水湿停蓄之水肿。
上述八味药配伍使用，具有温通经脉、散寒止痛、祛湿除痹、利水消肿之功效，治疗鸡滑膜炎疗效显著。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物，各原料的重量份数如下：附子12份、甘草12份、桂枝18份、牛膝12份、苍术12份、红花8份、茯苓10份、泽泻16份制备而成。其制备方法是：(1)将中药粉碎至40目，按配方量称取，三维混合得中药粉；(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中，加10倍量水煮6小时；(3)过滤除去药渣，所得滤液留置备用；(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中，加6倍量水煮2小时；(5)过滤除去药渣，所得液体与第一次提取液体合并；(6)60℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积20％，过滤除渣灌装，得成品。
实施例2
一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物，各原料的重量份数如下：附子10份、甘草20份、桂枝30份、牛膝8份、苍术7份、红花5份、茯苓8份、泽泻12份制备而成。其制备方法是：(1)将中药粉碎至40目，按配方量称取，三维混合得中药粉；(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中，加10倍量水煮6小时；(3)过滤除去药渣，所得滤液留置备用；(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中，加6倍量水煮2小时；(5)过滤除去药渣，所得液体与第一次提取液体合并；(6)60℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积20％，过滤除渣灌装，得成品。
实施例3
一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物，各原料的重量份数如下：附子6份、甘草6份、桂枝12份、牛膝10份、苍术10份、红花10份、茯苓18份、泽泻28份制备而成。其制备方法是：(1)将中药粉碎至40目，按配方量称取，三维混合得中药粉；(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中，加10倍量水煮6小时；(3)过滤除去药渣，所得滤液留置备用；(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中，加6倍量水煮2小时；(5)过滤除去药渣，所得液体与第一次提取液体合并；(6)60℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积20％，过滤除渣灌装，得成品。
临床试验
实验1：
江苏省一养鸡场饲养了6000余只肉鸡，于35日龄时发现有个别肉鸡精神欠佳，行走不稳，一周后，有200多只肉鸡陆续出现类似症状，病鸡停止发育，表现为明显的八字步，跛行，关节肿胀，跗关节和足掌肿胀较严重，触之关节两侧有波动感，个别鸡关节变型，久卧不起，极度消瘦。剖检可见鸡的关节和足垫肿胀，剪开关节处有浅黄或白色分泌物流出，胸骨表面有黄色脓性分泌物，且形成囊肿，囊肿内有粘液和白色米粒状物。根据肉鸡的发病情况、临床症状和剖检结果，诊断为鸡滑膜炎。遂将病鸡隔离治疗，将本发明实施例1所制得的中药水剂按照每100g水剂：150公斤饮用水的比例混合后，让病鸡自由饮用，连续饮用5天，并且每天消毒鸡舍。5日后大部分病鸡关节肿胀明显消退，恢复饮食。病情稍重者继续用药5日，病鸡基本能够站立。除少数病情特别严重淘汰外，大群病情得到控制。
实验1结果表明，用本发明实施例1所制得中药水剂治疗鸡滑膜炎，可有效控制疫情，取得满意的治疗效果。
实验2：
天津市宝坻区一大型养鸡场的两棚9周龄肉鸡发病，部分鸡出现关节肿大、跛行，严重者则卧地不能行走。采集病鸡血液分离血清，用鸡滑液囊支原体抗原进行血清平板实验呈阳性。遂将鸡舍和场地彻底消毒，淘汰关节受损已畸形的病鸡，将剩余282只病鸡挑出隔离饲养治疗。将病鸡分成三组，每组94只，第一组用本发明实施例1所制得的中药水剂每100g兑水150Kg，自由饮用，连饮5日；第二组注射链霉素，10万IU，每天一次，连用4天；第3组注射青霉素10万IU，每天一次，连用4天。比较三组治疗效果，结果见表1：
表1：不同药物治疗鸡滑膜炎疗效比较
从表1可以看出，三组中，本发明中药水剂治疗鸡滑膜炎疗效最佳，治愈率为91.49％，其次为链霉素组，治愈率为84.04％，效果最差的为青霉素组，治愈率仅为61.70％。中药水剂组疗效高于抗生素治疗组，且存在显著的统计学差异。另外，中药水剂治疗鸡滑膜炎，无药物残留，更安全，配合饮用水治疗的方法简单易行，更方便临床推广使用。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实例，是说明性的而不是限定性的，可按照所限定的范围列举出若干个实施例，因此在不脱离本发明总体构思下的变化和修改，应属本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物，其特征在于，由如下质量份数的原料制备而成：
附子6-12份、甘草6-20份、桂枝12-30份、牛膝8-12份、苍术7-12份、红花5-10份、茯苓8-18份、泽泻12-28份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物，其特征在于：最佳原料的质量份数如下：
附子12份、甘草12份、桂枝18份、牛膝12份、苍术12份、红花8份、茯苓10份、泽泻16份。
3.一种制备如权利要求1所述的治疗鸡滑膜炎的中药组合物的方法，其特征在于，制备方法是：(1)将中药粉碎，按配方量称取，三维混合得中药粉；(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中，加水煎煮；(3)过滤除去药渣，所得滤液留置备用；(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中，加水煎煮；(5)过滤除去药渣，所得液体与第一次提取液体合并；(6)减压浓缩提取液，过滤除渣灌装，得成品。
4.一种如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其中中药粉碎目数为30-100目。
5.一种如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其中煎煮水量为2-15倍，煎煮时间为2-10小时。
6.一种如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其中减压浓缩温度为30-100℃，浓缩后体积为原体积10％-50％。
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