CN109314532A - 用于高移动性应用的无线电信系统 - Google Patents

用于高移动性应用的无线电信系统 Download PDF

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CN109314532A
CN109314532A CN201780020944.7A CN201780020944A CN109314532A CN 109314532 A CN109314532 A CN 109314532A CN 201780020944 A CN201780020944 A CN 201780020944A CN 109314532 A CN109314532 A CN 109314532A
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waveform
radio
data item
basic
positive integer
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罗恩·哈达尼
什洛莫·拉吉布
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Coacervation Technology Co
Cohere Technologies Inc
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2627—Modulators
    • H04L27/2634—Inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators in combination with other circuits for modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02—Transmitters
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    • H04B1/0475—Circuits with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
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    • H04L25/03828—Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/02—Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
    • H04L27/04—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
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    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
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    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2649—Demodulators
    • H04L27/265—Fourier transform demodulators, e.g. fast Fourier transform [FFT] or discrete Fourier transform [DFT] demodulators
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Abstract

减轻由于多普勒频移和多路径导致的符号内干扰的无线电信系统。本发明实施方式对于在包括高速列车和飞机的高移动性环境中操作的无线电信系统特别有利。

Description

用于高移动性应用的无线电信系统
相关申请的声明
本申请要求于2016年3月31日提交的发明名称为“稳健无线电信系统(RobustWireless Telecommunications System)”且代理人案卷号为3079-001pr1的第62/316,243号临时申请的权益。
本申请要求于2016年3月31日提交的发明名称为“正交时间频率空间(OrthogonalTime Frequency Space)”且代理人案卷号为3079-003pr1的第62/316,298号临时申请的权益。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及无线电信，更具体地，涉及能够检测和减轻对其无线电信号的损伤的无线电信系统。
背景技术
无线电信号在从发射器传播到接收器时可能受损伤，并且无线电信系统的值基本上取决于系统如何更好地减轻这些损伤的影响。在一些情况下，发射器可采取步骤来解决损伤，并且在一些情况下，接收器解决损伤。然而，在所有情况下，必须快速且准确地检测每种损伤的性质，以便减轻其影响。
发明内容
本发明是避免现有技术中无线电信系统的成本和缺点中的一些的无线电信系统。特别地，本发明的示例性实施方式能够区分直接路径与多路径图像，其(基本上)防止符号内干扰并且能够修复符号间干扰。在具有多路径和多普勒频移损伤的无线电信道中，本发明的实施方式特别有利。
附图说明
图1A描绘了根据本发明示例性实施方式的无线电信系统100的重要部件的框图。
图1B描绘了根据本发明示例性实施方式的无线电101的重要部件的框图。
图2描绘了根据本发明示例性实施方式的由无线电101和无线电102执行的重要任务的流程图。
图3描绘了波形阵列Φ是基于M个正交的M元步进脉冲波形的。
图4描绘了对于任何一组正交基础波形的波形阵列Φ(M＝3且N＝4)的组成。
图5描绘了对于步进脉冲波形的波形阵列Φ(M＝3且N＝4)的组成。
图6描绘了示例性波形阵列Φ(M＝3且N＝4)中的波形之一-波形的时频图。
图7描绘了示例性波形阵列Φ(M＝3且N＝4)的波形中的不同一个波形-波形的时频图。
图8描绘了频分复用/频分多址(“FDM/FDMA”)方案中的一个数据项的传输的时频图。
图9描绘了时分复用/时分多址(“TDM/TDMA”)方案中的一个数据项的传输的时频图。
图10描绘了码分复用/码分多址(“CDM/CDMA”)方案中的一个数据项的传输的时频图。
图11描绘了波形的多普勒频移的多路径图像导致符号内干扰的时频图。
图12描绘了在考虑到与图11中的相同延迟扩展的情况下波形的多普勒频移的多路径图像不导致符号内干扰的时频图。
具体实施方式
图1A描绘了根据本发明示例性实施方式的无线电信系统100的重要部件的框图。无线电信系统100包括无线电101和102，其中无线电101和102均位于地理区域110中。
根据示例性实施方式，无线电101将经调制的射频载波信号发送到无线电102。然而，在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何进行和使用本发明实施方式，其中无线电101将经调制的射频载波信号发送到无线电102，并且无线电102将经调制的射频载波信号发送到无线电101。
根据示例性实施方式，无线电101将多个数据项发送到无线电102，这些数据项表示声音、图像、视频、数据和信令。本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现无线电101以使其能够将声音、图像、视频、数据和信令解构为数据项，并且本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现无线电102以使其能够从这些数据项重构声音、图像、视频、数据和信令。
根据示例性实施方式，每个数据项由与16个正交幅度(“16QAM”)信号星座图调制方案中的一个符号对应的复数表示。然而，在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用本发明可选实施方式，其中每个数据项对应于任何数字调制方案中的符号(例如，频移键控、幅移键控、相移键控等)。
根据示例性实施方式，无线电信系统100包括两个无线电，但是在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用包括任意数量的无线电的本发明可选实施方式。
根据示例性实施方式，无线电信系统100以点对点(即1：1)模式操作。然而，在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用以广播(即，1:>1)模式操作的本发明实施方式。
根据示例性实施方式，无线电101和102是移动的，但是在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用每个无线电为移动的或者是固定的本发明可选实施方式。
根据示例性实施方式，地理区域110包括自然和人造射频对象(未示出)，其反射、折射和衍射从无线电101传播到无线电102的载波信号。此外，射频对象中的一些是静止的(例如，树木、山丘、建筑物等)，而一些是移动的(例如，卡车、轮船、飞机等)。
根据示例性实施方式，表征无线电101与102之间的无线电信道中的信号路径损伤的参数是动态的(即，随时间变化)，在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用无线电信道的特性和信号路径损伤的性质是静态的(即，不随时间变化)的本发明实施方式。
根据示例性实施方式，无线电101在B＝10Mhz宽的信道中将经调制的射频载波信号发送到无线电102。然而，在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用无线电信道具有不同的带宽(例如，2.5MHz、5.0MHz、12.5MHz、15MHz、20MHz、40MHz、80MHz等)的本发明可选实施方式。
图1B描绘了根据本发明示例性实施方式的无线电101的重要部件的框图。无线电101包括数据源121、编码器122、调制器123、放大器124和天线125。
数据源121包括将外部刺激(例如，声音、光、用户的击键等)和内部刺激(例如，射频测量、信令等)转换为数据项以发送到无线电102所需的硬件和软件。本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用数据源121。
编码器122包括对由数据源121生成的数据项进行压缩、加密并添加前向纠错所需的硬件和软件。本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用编码器122。
调制器123包括通过来自编码器122的数据项对射频载波信号进行调制以生成经调制的射频载波信号所需的硬件和软件。本文中以及附图中详细描述了调制器123的构造和操作。
放大器124包括增加经调制的射频载波信号的功率以经由天线125进行传输所需的硬件。本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用放大器124。
天线125包括有助于将经调制的射频载波信号无线地通过空间辐射到无线电102所需的硬件。
图2描绘了根据本发明示例性实施方式的由无线电101和102执行的突出任务的流程图。
在任务201处，无线电101和102建立波形阵列Φ的参数，以减轻由多普勒频移和多路径干扰所导致的符号内干扰。如下面将详细描述的，波形阵列Φ包括将数据项从无线电101传送到无线电102的波形。
根据示例性实施方式，当无线电101和102首先建立通信时，建立波形阵列Φ的参数一次，但是在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用无线电周期性地或偶尔地重新建立波形阵列Φ的参数的本发明可选实施方式。例如但不限于，无线电101和102可在以下情况下重新建立波形阵列Φ的参数：
i.信号路径的特征改变，或
ii.由数据项表示的数据类型改变，或
iii.数据项的延迟容限改变，或
iv.i、ii和iii的任意组合。
根据示例性实施方式，无线电101和102使用一个波形阵列Φ传送数据项，但是在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用利用任意数量的波形阵列(例如，两个波形阵列Φ1和Φ2；三个波形阵列Φ1、Φ2和Φ3；四个波形阵列Φ1、Φ2、Φ3和Φ4等)来传送数据项的本发明可选实施方式。例如但不限于，无线电101和102使用不同的波形阵列以用于：
i.从无线电101到无线电102的信号路径的不同条件，或
ii.不同类型的数据项，或
iii.数据项的不同延迟容限，或
iv.i、ii和iii的任意组合。
基础波形-波形阵列Φ是基于在M维向量空间中正交的M个基础波形b(1)、...、b(m)、...、b(M)的扩展，其中，M是大于1的正整数，并且m是m∈{1,...,M}的范围内的正整数。
如图3中所示，根据示例性实施方式，基础波形b(m)是M元步进脉冲波形方案的波形m。根据示例性实施方式，每个脉冲是带限制的升余弦脉冲，但是在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用其中每个脉冲具有不同形状的本发明可选实施方式。
基础波形b(m)中的每个脉冲是带限制的，并因此，每个脉冲的持续时间是1/B秒，其中B是信道的带宽。此外，相邻脉冲的中心是以1/B秒间隔开的。而且，每个基础波形b(m)的总持续时间是M/B秒(如图3中所示)。
虽然示例性实施方式使用步进脉冲波形作为基础波形，但是在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用其中波形阵列Φ是基于任何一组M个正交波形b(1)、...、b(M)的本发明可选实施方式。
波形阵列Φ的结构-波形阵列Φ包括在M·N维向量空间中正交的M·N波形，其中，N是大于1的正整数。波形阵列Φ的M·N波形是其中，n是n∈{1,...,N}的范围内的正整数。
每个波形是N个波形y(m,n,l)、...、y(m,n,p)、...、y(m,n,N)之和。
每个波形被等同地划分为N个时隙1、...、p、...、N，其中，p是在p∈{1,...,N}的范围内的正整数。波形y(m,n,p)占据波形中的时隙p并且等于：
y(m，n，p)＝b(m)·u(n，p) (等式1)
其中，u(n,p)是等于下式的相量：
u(n，p)＝exp(2π(n-1)(p-1)i/N) (等式2)
波形y(m,n,p)的持续时间限定时隙p的持续时间。
图4和图5中描绘了示例性波形阵列Φ(M＝3且N＝4)，并且表1中描绘了与阵列相关联的相量u(n,p)。
时隙p＝1 时隙p＝2 时隙p＝3 时隙p＝4
y(m,l,p) 1+0i 1+0i 1+0i 1+0i
y(m,2,p) 1+0i 0+1i -1+0i 0-1i
y(m,3,p) 1+0i -1+0i 1+0i -1+0i
y(m,4,p) 1+0i 0-1i -1+0i 0+1i
表1-波形阵列Φ(M＝3且N＝4)中每个波形y(m,n,p)的相量u(n,p)
示例性实施方式的突出特征在于每个波形将能量存储到：
i.无线电信道的唯一时频部分，和
ii.第l/M·N个无线电信道。
这在图6和7中示出。
例如，图6描绘了【在波形阵列Φ(M＝3且N＝4)中】与波形相关联的能量存储到10MHz无线电信道中的图。在图6中，无线电信道被描绘为划分成833.3KHz频带(B＝10KHz/M·N＝12)和12(M·N＝12)个间隔。在图6中，可看出能量仅存在于当升余弦脉冲存在的那些间隔中，并且在信道中仅存在于频率子带0-0.833MHz、3.333-4.167MHz和6.667-7.500MHz(即，对角条纹块)中。
相似地，图7描绘了【在波形阵列Φ(M＝3且N＝4)中】与波形相关联的能量存储到10MHz无线电信道中的图。在图7中，可看出能量仅存在于当升余弦脉冲存在的那些间隔中，并且在信道中仅存在于频率子带0.833-1.667MHz、4.167-5.000MHz和7.500-8.333MHz(即，对角条纹块)中。在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何确定针对M和N的与任何波形相关联的能量存储之处。
为了比较，图8描绘了频分复用/频分多址(“FDM/FDMA”)方案中一个数据项的传输的模拟时频图，在图8中，时频图的条纹部分指示信道的哪个部分被传输数据项的波形占据。
作为另一实例，图9描绘了时分复用/时分多址(“TDM/TDMA”)方案中一个数据项的传输的模拟时频图。在图9中，时频图的条纹部分指示信道的哪个部分被传输数据项的波形占据。
作为另一实例，图10描绘了码分复用/码分多址(“CDM/CDMA”)方案中一个数据项的传输的时频图。在图10中，整个时频图被部分地以条纹画出以指示通过传输一个数据项的波形在整个时间将能量存储在整个信道中。
图11描绘了【在波形阵列Φ(M＝3且N＝4)中】与波形相关联的能量接收自10MHz无线电信道的图。特别是，图11描绘了：
(i)波形的直接路径图像，以及
(ii)波形的多普勒频移的多路径图像。
从图11中可以看出，多普勒频移的多路径图像与直接路径图像部分地重叠，并导致对直接路径图像的符号内干扰。此外，多普勒频移的多路径图像与波形和的直接路径图像部分地重叠，并导致对波形和的直接路径图像的符号间干扰。当接收器可区分直接路径与多路径图像时，可避免符号内干扰，并且可消除符号间干扰。
特别地，本发明实施方式区分开波形的直接路径图像和多路径图像的能力是M和N的值的函数。通常，较大的M和N值能够实现更高的分辨率，并因此，直接路径图像与多路径图像之间的区别更大。特别地，较大的M值能够使得频率(即，在多普勒频移图像之间)中的区别更大，并且较大的N值能够使得时间(即，在延迟图像之间)中的区别更大。作为一般经验法则，M的值应远大于无线电信道中最大的预期延迟扩展，并且N的值应大于无线电信道中最大的预期多普勒频移。在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用具有任意值的M、任意值的N和一组M个基础波形b(1)、...、b(M)的本发明可选实施方式。图12描绘了在考虑到与图11中的相同延迟扩展的情况下波形的多普勒频移的多路径图像不导致符号内干扰的时频图。
在任务202处，无线电101根据在任务201处建立的参数来生成波形阵列Φ的完整的一组M·N个波形，
在任务203处，无线电101接收多达M·N个数据项以便传输到无线电102。作为任务203的一部分，无线电101在波形阵列Φ中的每个数据项与每个波形之间建立一对一的关系。特别地，与波形对应的数据项被指定为d(m,n)。在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用执行任务203的本发明实施方式。
在任务204处，无线电101用数据项调制射频载波信号，以生成经调制的射频载波信号。特别是，射频载波信号是针对在任务203中接收到的所有数据项由下式调制的：
在阅读本公开之后，本领域技术人员将清楚如何实现和使用执行任务204的本发明实施方式。
在任务205处，将经调制的射频载波信号经由天线传输/辐射到无线电信道中，以便由无线电102接收。
在任务206处，无线电102接收经调制的射频载波信号，并且通过已知的方式使用M·N个匹配的滤波器对其进行解调，以恢复由无线电101传输的数据项中的每个。
Markman(马克曼)定义
正交-为了本说明书的目的，如果两个波形的内积在感兴趣的时间间隔为零，则两个波形是正交的。

Claims (20)

1.一种过程，包括：
接收数据项d(1,1)和数据项d(1,2)；
生成波形和波形其中：
(i)波形划分成N个时隙1,...,p,...,N，
(ii)所述波形的时隙p包括乘以exp[2π(n-1)(p-1)i/N]的基础波形b(m)，
(iii)所述波形乘以所述数据项d(m,n)，
(iv)M和N是大于1的正整数，
(v)m是m∈{1,...,M}的范围内的正整数，以及
(vi)n和p是n∈{1,...,N}的范围内的正整数；
用所述波形和所述波形之和对射频载波信号进行调制，以生成经调制的射频载波信号；以及
经由天线将所述经调制的射频载波信号辐射到无线电信道中。
2.如权利要求1所述的过程，其中，j和k是m∈{1,...,M}的范围内的正整数，以及
其中，对于j≠k，基础波形b(j)和基础波形b(k)是正交的。
3.如权利要求1所述的过程，其中，在M元步进脉冲波形方案中，所述基础波形b(m)是波形m。
4.如权利要求1所述的过程，其中，所述无线电信道的带宽是BHz，并且所述基础波形b(m)的持续时间是M/B秒。
5.如权利要求1所述的过程，其中，所述无线电信道的带宽是BHz，并且所述波形的持续时间是M·N/B秒。
6.一种过程，包括：
接收数据项d(1,1)和数据项d(2,1)；
生成波形和波形其中：
(i)波形划分成N个时隙1,...,p,...,N，
(ii)所述波形的时隙p包括乘以exp[2π(n-1)(p-1)i/N]的基础波形b(m)，
(iii)所述波形乘以所述数据项d(m,n)，
(iv)M和N是大于1的正整数，
(v)m是m∈{1,...,M}的范围内的正整数，以及
(vi)n和p是n∈{1,...,N}的范围内的正整数；
用所述波形和所述波形之和对射频载波信号进行调制，以生成经调制的射频载波信号；以及
经由天线将所述经调制的射频载波信号辐射到无线电信道中。
7.如权利要求6所述的过程，其中，j和k是m∈{1,...,M}的范围内的正整数，以及
其中，对于j≠k，基础波形b(j)和基础波形b(k)是正交的。
8.如权利要求6所述的过程，其中，在M元步进脉冲波形方案中，所述基础波形b(m)是波形m。
9.如权利要求6所述的过程，其中，所述无线电信道的带宽是BHz，并且所述基础波形b(m)的持续时间是M/B秒。
10.如权利要求6所述的过程，其中，所述无线电信道的带宽是BHz，并且所述波形的持续时间是M·N/B秒。
11.一种过程，包括：
接收数据项d(1,1)和数据项d(2,2)；
生成波形和波形其中：
(i)波形划分成N个时隙1,...,p,...,N，
(ii)所述波形的时隙p包括乘以exp[2π(n-1)(p-1)i/N]的基础波形b(m)，
(iii)所述波形乘以所述数据项d(m,n)，
(iv)M和N是大于1的正整数，
(v)m是m∈{1,...,M}的范围内的正整数，以及
(vi)n和p是n∈{1,...,N}的范围内的正整数；
用所述波形和所述波形之和对射频载波信号进行调制，以生成经调制的射频载波信号；以及
经由天线将所述经调制的射频载波信号辐射到无线电信道中。
12.如权利要求11所述的过程，其中，j和k是m∈{1,...,M}的范围内的正整数，以及
其中，对于j≠k，基础波形b(j)和基础波形b(k)是正交的。
13.如权利要求11所述的过程，其中，在M元步进脉冲波形方案中，所述基础波形b(m)是波形m。
14.如权利要求11所述的过程，其中，所述无线电信道的带宽是B Hz，并且所述基础波形b(m)的持续时间是M/B秒。
15.如权利要求11所述的过程，其中，所述无线电信道的带宽是B Hz，并且所述波形的持续时间是M·N/B秒。
16.一种过程，包括：
接收M·N个数据项d(1,1)、...d(m,n)、...d(M,N)；
生成M·N个波形其中：
(i)波形划分成N个时隙1,...,p,...,N，
(ii)所述波形的时隙p包括乘以exp[2π(n-1)(p-1)i/N]的基础波形b(m)，
(iii)所述波形乘以所述数据项d(m,n)，
(iv)M和N是大于1的正整数，
(v)m是m∈{1,...,M}的范围内的正整数，以及
(vi)n和p是n∈{1,...,N}的范围内的正整数；
用M·N个波形之和对射频载波信号进行调制，以生成经调制的射频载波信号；以及
经由天线将所述经调制的射频载波信号传输到无线电信道中。
17.如权利要求16所述的过程，其中，j和k是m∈{1,...,M}的范围内的正整数，以及
其中，对于j≠k，基础波形b(j)和基础波形b(k)是正交的。
18.如权利要求16所述的过程，其中，在M元步进脉冲波形方案中，所述基础波形b(m)是波形m。
19.如权利要求16所述的过程，其中，所述无线电信道的带宽是B Hz，并且所述基础波形b(m)的持续时间是M/B秒。
20.如权利要求16所述的过程，其中，所述无线电信道的带宽是B Hz，并且所述波形的持续时间是M·N/B秒。
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