CN109313188B - 在石墨烯薄片上提供临时保护层 - Google Patents

在石墨烯薄片上提供临时保护层 Download PDF

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CN109313188B
CN109313188B CN201780037216.7A CN201780037216A CN109313188B CN 109313188 B CN109313188 B CN 109313188B CN 201780037216 A CN201780037216 A CN 201780037216A CN 109313188 B CN109313188 B CN 109313188B
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B·戈德史密斯
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Abstract

所公开技术的实施例包含使用光刻图案化技术图案化石墨烯薄片以用于生物传感器和电子应用。更具体地,本公开是针对借助硬掩模金属层图案化石墨烯薄片的方法。所述硬掩模金属层可以包含惰性金属,所述惰性金属可以在图案化工艺期间保护所述石墨烯薄片免受污染或损坏。

Description

在石墨烯薄片上提供临时保护层
技术领域
所公开技术大体上涉及在石墨烯薄片的表面上沉积硬掩模涂层。更具体地,本发明涉及在石墨烯薄片的表面上沉积硬掩模涂层以提供临时保护层。
背景技术
石墨烯包括按六边形的重复图案结合在一起的碳原子的单个薄层。石墨烯具有许多非凡的性质,包含高机械强度、高电子迁移率和优良的热导率。因为石墨烯是优良的热和电导体,所以石墨烯材料经常用以构造基于石墨烯的生物传感器、晶体管、集成电路和其它电子和生物传感器装置。
虽然已经存在对石墨烯的应用和利用的许多学术关注,但石墨烯的商业化的尝试大部分都已失败。因此,用于处置和制备石墨烯的许多当前已知技术限于仅适合于研究和学术目的的技术,且因此未能考虑制造成本、产品组装条件以及长期耐久性要求。
更具体地,用于制备和处置石墨烯的当前方法经常在正制备石墨烯时使石墨烯薄片暴露于环境。因为石墨烯薄片随后保持暴露而无保护层,所以石墨烯经常可能被污染且甚至损坏。另外,为了在将石墨烯装进适当电子装置和传感器中时的处理和封装而进行处置时,暴露的石墨烯表面可能另外容易损坏。
虽然用于在石墨烯薄片的表面上提供临时保护层的一些有限方法是当前可用的,但此类方法仍可能损坏石墨烯。举例来说,一种方法可以包含直接以光致抗蚀剂或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(下文为“PMMC”)层沉积石墨烯薄片的表面。然而,与石墨烯薄片的此直接接触经常在石墨烯上留下甚至通过施加丙酮或其它溶剂也无法完全移除的残余物。因此,在石墨烯的表面上的任何剩余光致抗蚀剂或PMMC残余物显著降低石墨烯的质量,且进一步可能降级基于石墨烯的电子装置和传感器的总体性能。
其它方法还可包含在石墨烯薄片的表面上提供保护铜层。然而,铜也已知在石墨烯薄片上留下难以完全移除的污染残余物,这也降低石墨烯的质量并且进一步可能降级基于石墨烯的电子装置和传感器的性能。因此,当前需要提供用于在石墨烯薄片上提供临时保护层的方法。
附图说明
根据一个或多个各种实施例,参考附图详细地描述本文公开的技术。附图是仅出于说明的目的而提供,且仅描绘所公开技术的典型或实例实施例。提供这些附图以促进读者对所公开技术的理解,且不应视为对所公开技术的广度、范围或适用性的限制。应注意,为了说明的清楚性和简易性起见,这些图式未必按比例绘制。
图1图示了根据一个实施例的在石墨烯薄片的表面上沉积临时保护层的不同进展。
图1A图示了根据一个实施例的转移到衬底上的石墨烯薄片。
图1B图示了根据一个实施例的具有临时金属层的石墨烯薄片。
图1C图示了根据一个实施例的石墨烯薄片,其中临时金属层从石墨烯薄片的表面移除。
图2图示了根据一个实施例的以硬掩模层图案化石墨烯薄片的不同进展。
图2A图示了根据一个实施例的转移到衬底上的石墨烯薄片。
图2B图示了根据一个实施例的具有金属层的石墨烯薄片。
图2C图示了根据一个实施例的具有金属层和用于光刻图案化的光致抗蚀剂层的石墨烯薄片。
图2D图示了根据一个实施例的具有金属层和光致抗蚀剂层的石墨烯薄片,所述光致抗蚀剂层暴露于辐射源以产生图案模板。
图2E图示了根据一个实施例的具有金属层和光致抗蚀剂层的石墨烯薄片,所述光致抗蚀剂层暴露于金属蚀刻剂溶液以图案化金属层。
图2F图示了根据一个实施例的具有金属层和光致抗蚀剂层的石墨烯薄片,所述光致抗蚀剂层暴露于等离子蚀刻剂溶液以图案化石墨烯薄片。
图2G图示了根据一个实施例的具有金属层的经图案化石墨烯薄片。
图2H图示了根据一个实施例的经图案化石墨烯薄片
附图并不希望为穷尽性的或将本发明限于所公开的精确形式。应理解,本发明可以用修改和更改来实践,且所公开技术仅由权利要求书及其等效物限制。
具体实施方式
以下描述不应以限制性意义来理解,而是仅仅出于描述所公开实施例的一般原理的目的。本发明的实施例解决背景技术中描述的问题,同时也解决从以下详细描述将要看到的其它额外问题。阐述许多具体细节以提供本公开的各种方面的完整理解。然而,所属领域的技术人员将了解,可以在无这些具体细节中的一些具体细节的情况下实践本公开的各种方面。在其它情况下,未详细示出众所周知的结构和技术以免不必要地混淆本公开。
本文公开的一些实施例包含在石墨烯薄片的表面上沉积临时保护层。应注意,将层沉积到石墨烯薄片上可以包含如所属领域的技术人员理解的广泛范围的技术,仅借助于实例,例如涂层技术、聚焦离子束、长丝蒸发、溅镀沉积和电解。
此临时保护层可以保护石墨烯免受环境影响且防止石墨烯薄片的污染。仅借助于实例,临时保护层可以包含薄金属层以在基于石墨烯的装置的封装和组装期间保护石墨烯免受污染或损害。仅借助于实例,用以涂覆石墨烯薄片的薄金属可以包含金。因为金是具有耐腐蚀和氧化的特性性质的惰性金属,所以以金层沉积石墨烯薄片可以保护石墨烯。另外,由于金的典型惰性质量,在石墨烯薄片的表面上的临时金层可以进一步提供热保护且防止氧化,特别是当在环氧树脂固化、烘炉烘焙和燃烧测试期间石墨烯暴露于高温处理时。此外,临时金层还可以在线接合、囊封、晶片切割和清洁期间保护石墨烯免于潜在地被污染。因此,这允许在工厂环境中处置石墨烯以用于大规模制造生产。
然而,也可以使用其它惰性金属来临时涂覆石墨烯薄片,可包含(但不限于)钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂及类似物。
图1A图示了根据一个实施例的转移到例如晶片105的衬底上的石墨烯薄片115。石墨烯薄片115可以使用化学气相沉积进行生长,特别是当生产大的石墨烯薄片时。然而,生长石墨烯层的其它方法还可包含(但不限于)减少所选择衬底上的氧化石墨或机械剥落技术。
石墨烯薄片115随后可以转移到另一表面上,例如电子芯片或传感器的表面。更具体地,电子芯片或传感器的表面可以包含薄半导体材料的表面,例如晶片105。晶片105可以充当恰当电子集成电路可应用于其上的基础。举例来说,晶片105可为硅衬底或二氧化硅衬底。另外,晶片105,205可以涂覆有铂110,210,由此铂110,210充当底部电极以产生恰当电连接。
接下来,可以例如金属层120的临时薄金属层处理石墨烯薄片115,如图1B中所图示。金属层120可以充当掩模或保护障壁,其被配置成在石墨烯的制备期间保护石墨烯免受污染或降级。为了以金属层120恰当地涂覆石墨烯薄片115,可以将具有石墨烯薄片115的晶片105放入电子束蒸发腔室中。电子束蒸发是物理蒸汽安置技术,由此从长丝产生密集电子束且经由电场和磁场进行操控以冲击源材料,例如金球粒,且使其在真空环境内蒸发。因此,通过使用电子束蒸发技术,薄金属层120可以缓慢沉积到石墨烯薄片115上。
仅借助于实例,金属层120可以包含金金属层。然而,应注意金属层120可以包含不会与石墨烯不利地反应的任何惰性金属。另外,金属层120可以是具有耐腐蚀和氧化的特性性质的任何惰性金属。仅借助于实例,此类惰性金属可以包含(但不限于)钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂及类似物。
临时金金属层120的厚度范围可以是从10纳米到1微米。借助于另一实例,通过将石墨烯薄片115浸渍到金电镀液中可以将金金属层120施加到石墨烯薄片115上。另外,可以提供沉积临时金属层的其它方法。举例来说,其它方法还可包含利用聚焦离子束、长丝蒸发、溅镀沉积、电解及类似方法以在石墨烯薄片115的表面上提供临时金金属层120。
一旦金属层120沉积于石墨烯薄片115之上,就可以建立金属引线或连接。此外,在金金属层120之上可以做出现在在石墨烯薄片115的表面上分层的额外过程或构造。再次,由于金属层120的惰性性质,金属层120可以帮助保护石墨烯免受污染或降级,甚至是在正准备和组装石墨烯以供在选择的基于石墨烯的装置内使用时。
一旦石墨烯的准备完成,现在就可以移除金属层120,如图1C中所图示。举例来说,可以用碘化钾溶液洗涤金属层120历时范围从30秒到5分钟的持续时间,或历时从石墨烯薄片115的表面移除金属层120的所有迹线的时间段。随后可以用去离子水洗涤现在完全暴露的石墨烯薄片115以移除留在石墨烯薄片115的表面上的任何剩余金属层颗粒或其它材料。现在暴露的石墨烯薄片115可以进一步可用于进一步制造和组装恰当且有用的基于石墨烯的装置所需的任何额外过程。
在其它实施例中,放置在石墨烯薄片之上的金属层可以包含沉积于金属层之上的额外涂层或层,如图2中所图示。更具体地,图2A图示了根据一个实施例的转移到衬底上的石墨烯薄片215。接下来,可以用例如金金属层220的薄金属层处理石墨烯薄片215,如图2B中所图示。金金属层220可以充当掩模或障壁,其被配置成保护石墨烯免受污染或降级。如上文所论述,所述薄金属层可以是具有耐腐蚀和氧化的特性性质的任何惰性金属惰性金属,以使得以金层沉积石墨烯薄片保护石墨烯免受污染或降级。因此,所述薄金属层可以包含以下惰性金属中的任一种或其组合:钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂及类似物。
具有金金属层220的石墨烯薄片215可以另外涂覆有光致抗蚀剂层225,如图2C中进一步示出。光致抗蚀剂层225可以包含光敏材料,其当暴露于辐射源时经历其物理性质的改变。通过以辐射选择性暴露光致抗蚀剂层225,光致抗蚀剂层225的这些暴露区域可以被蚀刻掉,因此暴露金属金层220的在光致抗蚀剂层225正下方的部分。换句话说,光致抗蚀剂层225可以充当用于准确图案化光致抗蚀剂层225下方的石墨烯薄片215的模板。因此经由辐射源蚀刻到光致抗蚀剂层225上的图案可以用作模板以将同一图案在光致抗蚀剂层225正下方蚀刻到石墨烯薄片215上。
如图2D中进一步示出,一旦以辐射源暴露光致抗蚀剂层225而将特定图案蚀刻到光致抗蚀剂层225上,光致抗蚀剂层225的蚀刻掉的部分就暴露正下方的金金属层220的部分。
为了图案化金金属层220下方的石墨烯薄片215,还必须根据蚀刻到光致抗蚀剂层225上的图案蚀刻掉金金属层220,如图2E中进一步示出。为了这样做,举例来说,可以将晶片205浸没在蚀刻剂溶液中,这仅将未覆盖有光致抗蚀剂层225的暴露金金属层220蚀刻掉。举例来说,所述蚀刻剂溶液可为碘化钾溶液。然而,应注意,蚀刻剂溶液无需限于碘化钾溶液,而是还可包含基于氰化物的化学品或者具有硝酸和氢氯酸的混合物的王水。因为蚀刻剂溶液仅与金反应且不与光致抗蚀剂层225反应,所以仅暴露金金属层220被移除且因此根据蚀刻到光致抗蚀剂层225上的图案形成负空间图案。
在根据来自光致抗蚀剂层225的蚀刻模板现在蚀刻掉光致抗蚀剂层225和金金属层220的情况下,石墨烯薄片215现在暴露,如图2E中进一步示出。因此,现在可以根据蚀刻掉光致抗蚀剂层225的特定部分的特定图案来图案化石墨烯薄片215。举例来说,具有石墨烯薄片215的晶片205可以经受等离子蚀刻,其仅移除从蚀刻剂溶液移除金金属层125的区域中的暴露石墨烯薄片215,如图2F中图示。因此,现在相应地图案化石墨烯薄片215。
在经由等离子蚀刻恰当图案化石墨烯薄片215之后,现在可以移除光致抗蚀剂层225,如图2G中进一步示出。举例来说,可以用丙酮冲洗具有光致抗蚀剂层225的晶片205历时2到10分钟,随后用异丙醇再冲洗1到5分钟,这将有效地且完全溶解光致抗蚀剂层225。这现在完全暴露晶片205上的剩余金金属层220。
接下来,现在可以移除金金属层,如图2H中图示。举例来说,可以用碘化钾溶液洗涤金金属层220历时30秒到5分钟,以使得薄金属金层220不再涂覆在石墨烯薄片215的表面上。随后可以用去离子水洗涤暴露石墨烯薄片215以移除石墨烯薄片215的表面上的任何剩余金粒子或其它材料。现在暴露的经图案化石墨烯薄片215可用于任何进一步额外处理或准备。
尽管上文已描述所公开技术的各种实施例,但应理解,它们仅通过举例而非限制的方式呈现。同样,各种图可以描绘所公开技术的实例架构或其它配置,这有助于理解所公开技术中可包含的特征和功能性。所公开技术并不限于所说明的示例架构或配置,而是所希望的特征可以使用多种替代架构和配置实施。实际上,所属领域的技术人员将了解可以如何实施替代的功能、逻辑或物理分割和配置以实施本文公开的技术的所需特征。并且,除本文中所描绘的那些模块名称外的众多不同组成的模块名称可以应用于各种分区。另外,关于流程图、操作描述和方法权利要求项,除非上下文另外指定,否则在本文中呈现步骤的次序将不要求各种实施例被实施成以相同次序执行所叙述的功能性。
尽管上文就各种示例性实施例和实施方案而言描述所公开技术,但应理解,个别实施例中的一个或多个中所描述的各种特征、方面和功能性的适用性并不限于与其一起描述的特定实施例,而是可单独或以各种组合应用于所公开技术的其它实施例中的一个或多个,无论是否描述此类实施例且无论是否将此类特征呈现为所描述实施例的一部分。因此,本文公开的技术的宽度和范围不应受到任何上述示例性实施例限制。
除非另有明确陈述,否则在本文档中使用的术语和短语及其变体都应该被解释为与限制性相反的开放性。作为上述内容的实例:术语“包含”应该被理解为意味着“包含但不限于”等;术语“实例”用于提供论述的物品的示例性实例,而非其详尽的或限制性的列表;术语“一个”应该被理解为意味着“至少一个”、“一个或多个”等;以及形容词例如“常规的”、“传统的”、“通常的”、“标准的”、“已知的”以及类似含义的术语不应被解释将描述的物品限制到给定时间周期或在给定时间内可用的物品,而是实际上应该被理解为涵盖现在已知的或在将来任何时间可用的常规的、传统的、通常的或标准的技术。类似地,虽然本文档参照对于所属领域的一般技术人员将是显而易见或已知的技术,但是此类技术涵盖现在或在将来任何时间对于所属领域的技术人员是显而易见或已知的那些技术。
在一些情况下拓宽词语和短语的存在例如一个或多个、至少、但不限于,或其它类似短语不应被理解为意味着在可能不存在此类拓宽短语的实例中意图或需要较狭窄的情况。术语“模块”的使用并不暗示所描述的或所主张的作为所述模块的一部分的组件或功能都配置在一个共同的封装中。实际上,模块的各种组件中的任何一个或所有的,无论是否是控制逻辑或其它组件都可以组合在单个封装中或单独地维持并且可以进一步被分配在多个分组或封装中或跨越多个位置。
另外,本文中阐述的各个实施例是就示例性框图、流程图和其它图示而言描述的。如本领域的技术人员在阅读此文档之后将明白,可以实施所示出的实施例和其各种替代方案而不限于所示出的实例。举例来说,框图和它们的随附的描述不应被解释为要求特定的架构或配置。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于在石墨烯薄片上提供临时层的方法,其包括:
将石墨烯薄片转移到所选择晶片;
通过在电镀液中浸渍所述石墨烯薄片将金层沉积到所述石墨烯薄片的第一表面;
通过蚀刻掉对应于使用光刻工艺在光致抗蚀剂层中图案化的区域的所述金层和所述石墨烯薄片的区域来图案化所述石墨烯薄片;
将所述图案化的石墨烯薄片和在所述石墨烯薄片的所述图案化期间未被蚀刻掉的所述金层的临时保护部分组装和封装到基于石墨烯的装置,其中所述组装包括晶片切割并且所述封装包括环氧树脂固化;
通过将沉积到所述石墨烯薄片的表面的所述金层暴露于包括碘化钾的非酸性溶液,移除在所述组装和封装期间保护所述石墨烯的所述金层的所述临时保护部分;以及
使用具有所述金层的所述基于石墨烯的装置作为基于石墨烯的生物传感器,所述金层在所述组装和包装期间保护所述石墨烯并且被移除。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述金层的所述临时保护部分在包括碘化钾的非酸性溶液中洗涤历时范围从30秒到5分钟的持续时间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括以去离子水洗涤所述石墨烯薄片以移除在移除所述金层的所述临时保护部分之后留在所述图案化的石墨烯薄片上的任何剩余颗粒或污染物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括在封装所述石墨烯薄片之前在所述所选择晶片上沉积铂层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述沉积所述铂层包括形成电极,其中所述电极电耦合到所述石墨烯薄片。
6.一种用于在石墨烯薄片上提供临时层的方法,其包括:
将石墨烯薄片转移到所选择晶片;
在所述石墨烯薄片上沉积形成所述临时层的金属层;
图案化所述石墨烯;
将所述图案化的石墨烯薄片和所述金属层封装到基于石墨烯的装置,其中所述封装包括环氧树脂固化;以及
在封装所述基于石墨烯的装置之后,移除在封装期间保护所述图案化的石墨烯的所述金属层,其中:
所述金属层包括金、钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱或铂;以及
移除所述金属层包括将所述石墨烯薄片暴露于非酸性溶液。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述沉积所述金属层包括应用电子束蒸发工艺。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述沉积所述金属层包括应用聚焦离子束工艺、长丝蒸发工艺、溅镀沉积工艺或电解工艺。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述移除所述金属层包括以碘化钾溶液洗涤所述金属层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述洗涤所述金属层包括洗涤所述金属层历时范围从30秒到5分钟的持续时间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其进一步包括以去离子水洗涤所述石墨烯薄片以从所述石墨烯移除由移除所述金属层的步骤留下的任何剩余颗粒或污染物。
12.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其进一步包括在封装所述石墨烯薄片之前在所述所选择晶片上沉积铂层。
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US20170365477A1 (en) 2017-12-21
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