CN109294701A - 摩托车润滑剂 - Google Patents
摩托车润滑剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109294701A CN109294701A CN201810811290.6A CN201810811290A CN109294701A CN 109294701 A CN109294701 A CN 109294701A CN 201810811290 A CN201810811290 A CN 201810811290A CN 109294701 A CN109294701 A CN 109294701A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant oil
- oil composite
- oil
- molybdenum
- lubricant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 237
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- -1 alkaline earth metal sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S Chemical compound [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- QDAYJHVWIRGGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-B [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QDAYJHVWIRGGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 190
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 32
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 20
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 18
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005885 boration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenolsulfonephthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
- C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
- C10M103/04—Metals; Alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
- C10M119/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/24—Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/24—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Abstract
本发明涉及摩托车,其具有四冲程发动机和包含离合器组件的变速器,其中发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件通过由共同油槽提供的润滑油组合物润滑,其中所述润滑油组合物包含主要量的润滑粘度的油和次要量的(A)油溶性钼化合物和(B)无灰有机摩擦改进剂。发现,减少4T摩托车的发动机曲轴箱中的摩擦与维持离合器组件中的充分摩擦之间的平衡可通过使用包含含钼添加剂和无灰有机摩擦改进剂组合的润滑油组合物实现,其中发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件通过来自共同油槽的相同润滑油组合物润滑。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有四冲程发动机和包含离合器组件的变速器的摩托车,其中发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件通过由共同油槽提供的润滑油润滑,还涉及适于润滑这类摩托车的发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件的润滑油组合物。
发明背景
在典型的摩托车中,共同油槽润滑发动机、变速器和湿式离合器。因此,用于摩托车中的此类通用润滑液必须具有合意摩擦性能和润滑性能的平衡。特别是,尽管合意的是降低发动机曲轴箱中的摩擦以改进燃料经济性,也重要的是保持离合器组件中足够的摩擦以使它有效地起作用。
使用含钼添加剂作为用于客车发动机油的曲轴箱润滑剂中的摩擦改进剂是已知的。然而,含钼添加剂在摩托车润滑剂中的使用是有问题的,因为需要保持离合器组件中的足够摩擦。
国际专利申请No.WO 2015/195614中考虑了该问题,该申请公开了操作四冲程摩托车发动机的方法,包括向发动机和离合器供应包含以下组分的润滑剂:(a)二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锑化合物,和(b)包含以下中的至少一种的无灰摩擦改进剂:胺的长链脂肪酸衍生物、长链脂肪酯、长链脂肪环氧化物的衍生物、脂肪咪唑啉;烷基磷酸的胺盐或者羟基羧酸的脂肪酯酰胺或酰亚胺,其中润滑组合物包含小于50重量%的合成酯,合成酯在100℃下测量具有5.5-25mm2/s的运动粘度。WO 2015/195614的润滑剂还可包含不同于二硫代氨基甲酸钼的含N钼添加剂,二硫代氨基甲酸钼可导致不合意的摩擦性能。
然而发现,包含钼添加剂(包括但不限于二硫代氨基甲酸钼络合物)的润滑剂可通过在润滑剂中包含无灰摩擦改进剂而成功地用于由具有四冲程发动机的摩托车的共同油槽润滑发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件。
发明内容
根据第一方面,本发明提供具有四冲程发动机和包含离合器组件的变速器的摩托车,其中发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件通过由共同油槽提供的润滑油组合物润滑,其中所述润滑油组合物包含主要量的润滑粘度的油以及次要量的(A)油溶性钼化合物和(B)无灰有机摩擦改进剂。
根据第二方面,本发明进一步提供操作具有四冲程发动机和包含离合器组件的变速器的摩托车的方法,其中发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件通过由共同油槽提供的润滑油组合物润滑,所述方法包括向发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件供应包含主要量的润滑粘度的油以及次要量的(A)油溶性钼化合物和(B)无灰有机摩擦改进剂的润滑油组合物。
根据第三方面,本发明还提供润滑油组合物,其包含主要量的润滑粘度的油以及次要量的(A)油溶性钼化合物和(B)无灰有机摩擦改进剂,所述润滑油组合物显示出根据JASO T 903:2016离合器摩擦试验测量为至少MA1的JASO离合器摩擦。在优选实施方案中,本发明第三方面的润滑油组合物显示出根据JASO T 903:2016离合器摩擦试验测量为MA2的JASO离合器摩擦。
根据第四方面,本发明提供(A)油溶性钼化合物和(B)无灰有机摩擦改进剂的组合在润滑油组合物中实现JASO T 903:2016离合器摩擦试验中至少MA1的用途。
在本说明书中,如果以及使用时,以下措辞和表述具有下面给出的含义:
“活性成分”或“(a.i.)”指不是稀释剂或溶剂的添加剂材料;
“包含”或任何同类措辞描述所述特征、步骤或者整数或组分的存在,但不排除存在或加入一种或多种其它特征、步骤、整数、组分或它们的组合。表述“由……组成”或者“基本由……组成”或同类词可包括在“包含”或同类词内,其中“基本由……组成”容许包括不实质性影响其所应用的组合物的特性的物质;
“烃基”意指化合物的包含氢和碳原子并且直接经由碳原子与化合物的其余部分键合的化学基团。该基团可包含一个或多个不同于碳和氢的原子,条件是它们不影响基团的基本烃基性质。本领域技术人员熟悉合适的基团(例如卤素,尤其是氯和氟,氨基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基和亚硫酰基(sulfoxy)等)。优选地,基团基本由氢和碳原子组成,除非另外说明。优选地,烃基包括脂族烃基。术语“烃基”包括如本文所定义的“烷基”、“烯基”、“烯丙基”和“芳基”;
“烷基”意指直接经由单个碳原子键合于化合物的其余部分上的C1-C30烷基。除非另外说明,当存在足够数目的碳原子时,烷基可以为线性(即非支化)或支化的,为环状、无环或部分环状/无环的。优选地,烷基包括线性或支化无环烷基。烷基的代表性实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、二甲基己基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基和三十烷基;
“芳基”意指直接经由单个碳原子键合于化合物的其余部分上、任选被一个或多个烷基、卤素、羟基、烷氧基和氨基取代的C6-C18,优选C6-C10芳族基团。优选的芳基包括苯基和萘基以及它们的取代衍生物,尤其是苯基及其烷基取代衍生物;
“烯基”意指包含至少一个碳-碳双键且直接经由单个碳原子键合于化合物的其余部分上的C2-C30,优选C2-C12基团,在其他方面如“烷基”所定义;
“亚烷基”意指可以为线性或支化的C2-C20,优选C2-C10,更优选C2-C6二价无环脂族基团。亚烷基的代表性实例包括亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、亚异丁基、亚戊基、亚己基、亚庚基、亚辛基、亚壬基、亚癸基、1-甲基亚乙基、1-乙基亚乙基、1-乙基-2-甲基亚乙基、1,1-二甲基亚乙基和1-乙基亚丙基;
“多元醇”意指包含两个或更多羟基官能团的醇(即多元醇),但不包括用于形成油溶性或油分散性聚合物摩擦改进剂的“聚亚烷基二醇”(组分B(ii))。更具体而言,术语“多元醇”包括二醇、三醇、四醇和/或这类化合物的相关二聚物或增链聚合物。甚至更具体而言,术语“多元醇”包括甘油、新戊二醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇和山梨糖醇;
“多元羧酸”意指包含2个或更多羧酸官能团的有机酸,优选烃基酸。术语“多元羧酸”包括二元羧酸、三元羧酸和四元羧酸;
“卤”或“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴和碘;
本文所用“油溶性”或“油分散性”或同类术语不一定是指化合物或添加剂在所有比例下都可溶、可溶解、可溶混或能悬浮在油中。但是,这些术语是指它们例如在足以在该油的使用环境中发挥其预期作用的程度上可溶或可稳定分散在油中。此外,如果需要,其它添加剂的额外掺入也可允许掺入更高量的特定添加剂;
与添加剂有关的“无灰”意指添加剂不包含金属;
与添加剂有关的“含灰”意指添加剂包含金属;
“主要量”意指超过组合物的50质量%,是就所述及的组分以及就组合物的总质量表示的,以组分的活性成分计;
“次要量”意指小于组合物的50质量%,是就所述及的添加剂以及就组合物的总质量表示的,以添加剂的活性成分计;
就添加剂而言的“有效次要量”意指该添加剂在润滑油组合物中的使得该添加剂提供所需技术效果的量;
“ppm”意指每百万份的质量分数,基于润滑油组合物的总质量;
润滑油组合物或添加剂组分的“金属含量”,例如清净剂金属、钼或硼含量或者润滑油组合物的总金属含量(即所有各个金属含量之和)通过ASTM D5185测量;
就添加剂组分或者本发明润滑油组合物而言的“TBN”意指通过ASTM D2896测量的总碱值(mg KOH/g);
“KV100”意指通过ASTM D445测量的在100℃下的运动粘度;
“磷含量”通过ASTM D5185测量;
“硫含量”通过ASTM D2622测量;和
“硫酸盐灰分含量”通过ASTM D874测量。
除非另外说明,所有报道的百分数为基于活性成分的质量%,即与载体或稀释油无关。
还应当理解的是,所用的各种必要以及最佳和常规的组分可能在配制、储存或使用条件下反应,并且本发明还提供由于任何该反应可得到或得到的产物。
另外,应当理解的是,本文所述量、范围和比的任何上限和下限可独立地组合。
还应当理解的是,本发明各个方面的优选特征被认为是本发明每个其它方面的优选特征。
附图说明
图1图示表2所示结果。
图2图示表3所示结果。
图3-6图示实施例2的结果。
图7图示表5所示结果。
图8图示表6所示结果。
具体实施方式
润滑粘度的油
润滑粘度的油(有时称为“基础油料”或“基油”)为润滑剂的主要液体组分,将添加剂以及可能的其它油混入其中,例如以产生最终润滑剂(或润滑剂组合物)。基油可用于制备浓缩物以及由其制备润滑油组合物,并且可选择天然(植物、动物或矿物)和合成润滑油及其混合物。
基础油料分类定义于the American Petroleum Institute(API)出版物“EngineOil Licensing and Certification System”,Industry Services Department,第14版,1996年12月,附录1,1998年12月中。典型地,基础油料具有在100℃下优选3-12mm2/s(cSt),更优选4-10mm2/s(cSt),最优选4.5-8mm2/s(cSt)的粘度。
本发明中基础油料和基油的定义与the American Petroleum Institute(API)出版物“Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System”,Industry ServicesDepartment,第14版,1996年12月,附录1,1998年12月中找到的那些相同。所述出版物将基础油料分类如下:
a)使用表E-1中指明的试验方法,第I组基础油料包含小于90%饱和物和/或大于0.03%硫,且具有大于或等于80且小于120的粘度指数。
b)使用表E-1中指明的试验方法,第II组基础油料包含大于或等于90%饱和物和小于或等于0.03%硫,且具有大于或等于80且小于120的粘度指数。
c)使用表E-1中指明的试验方法,第III组基础油料包含大于或等于90%饱和物和小于或等于0.03%硫,且具有大于或等于120的粘度指数。
d)第IV组基础油料为聚α烯烃(PAO)。
e)第V组基础油料包括未包括在第I、II、III或IV组中的所有其它基础油料。
表E-1:基础油料的分析方法
性能 | 试验方法 |
饱和物 | ASTM D 2007 |
粘度指数 | ASTM D 2270 |
硫 | ASTM D 2622 |
ASTM D 4294 | |
ASTM D 4927 | |
ASTM D 3120 |
可包含在润滑油组合物中的其它润滑粘度的油如下详述。
天然油包括动物油和植物油(例如蓖麻油和猪油)、液体石油以及链烷烃、环烷烃和混合链烷烃-环烷烃型的加氢精制的、溶剂处理的矿物润滑油。衍生自煤或页岩的润滑粘度的油也是有用的基油。
合成润滑油包括烃油,例如聚合和共聚烯烃(例如聚丁烯、聚丙烯、丙烯-异丁烯共聚物、氯化聚丁烯、聚(1-己烯)、聚(1-辛烯)、聚(1-癸烯));烷基苯(例如十二烷基苯、十四烷基苯、二壬基苯、二(2-乙基己基)苯);多酚(例如联苯、三联苯、烷基化多酚);以及烷基化二苯醚和烷基化二苯硫醚及其衍生物、类似物和同系物。
另一类合适的合成润滑油包括二元羧酸(例如邻苯二甲酸、琥珀酸、烷基琥珀酸和烯基琥珀酸、马来酸、壬二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、富马酸、己二酸、亚油酸二聚物、丙二酸、烷基丙二酸、烯基丙二酸)与各种醇(例如丁醇、己醇、十二醇、2-乙基己醇、乙二醇、二甘醇单醚、丙二醇)的酯。这些酯的具体实例包括己二酸二丁酯、癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、富马酸二正己酯、癸二酸二辛酯、壬二酸二异辛酯、壬二酸二异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二癸酯、癸二酸二(二十烷基)酯、亚油酸二聚物的2-乙基己基二酯,和通过使1摩尔癸二酸与2摩尔四甘醇和2摩尔2-乙基己酸反应而形成的复合酯。
可用作合成油的酯还包括由C5-C12单羧酸和多元醇和多元醇醚如新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇和三季戊四醇制备的那些。
未精制、精制和再精制油可用于本发明组合物中。未精制油为直接由天然或合成来源得到、未经进一步提纯处理的那些。例如,直接由干馏操作得到的页岩油、直接由蒸馏得到的石油或者直接由酯化方法得到且不经进一步处理而使用的酯油为未精制油。精制油类似于未精制油,不同的是它们已在一个或多个提纯步骤中经进一步处理以改进一种或多种性能。许多这类提纯技术,例如蒸馏、溶剂萃取、酸或碱萃取、过滤和渗滤是本领域技术人员已知的。再精制油通过以类似于用于得到精制油的那些方法应用于已经在服务中使用过的精制油而得到。这类再精制油也称为再生或再加工油,并通常另外通过用于除去废添加剂和油分解产物的技术加工。
基油的其它实例为气至液(gas-to-liquid)(“GTL”)基油,即基油可以为衍生自使用费托催化剂由包含H2和CO的合成气制备的费托合成烃的油。这些烃通常要求进一步加工以用作基油。例如,可通过本领域已知的方法将它们加氢异构化;加氢裂化和加氢异构化;脱蜡;或者加氢异构化和脱蜡。
尽管基油的组成取决于润滑油组合物的具体应用并且油配制者会选择基油以便以合理的成本实现所需性能特性,根据本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物的润滑粘度的油在大多数情况下通常包含第II组或第III组基油。根据本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物的润滑粘度的油可包含基于润滑油组合物中润滑粘度的油的质量至少50质量%第III组和/或第II组基油,例如至少70质量%或者甚至至少80质量%第III组和/或第II组基油。润滑粘度的油可包含基于润滑油组合物中润滑粘度的油的质量100质量%第III组和/或第II组基油。
优选地,润滑粘度的油或油混合物的挥发度通过NOACK试验(ASTMD5800)测量为小于或等于20%,优选小于或等于16%,优选小于或等于12%,更优选小于或等于10%。优选地,润滑粘度的油的粘度指数(VI)为至少95,优选至少110,更优选至多120,甚至更优选至少120,甚至更优选至少125,最优选约130-140。
优选地,润滑粘度的油以基于润滑油组合物的总质量大于55质量%,更优选大于60质量%,甚至更优选大于70质量%的量存在。优选地,润滑粘度的油以基于润滑油组合物的总质量小于98质量%,更优选小于95质量%,甚至更优选小于90质量%的量存在。
本发明各个方面的润滑油组合物可以是由粘度描述符SAE 20WX、SAE 15WX、SAE10WX、SAE 5WX或SAE 0WX识别的多级油,其中X表示20、30、40和50中的任一个;不同粘度等级的特性可在SAE J300分类中找到。在本发明各个方面的实施方案中,不依赖于其它实施方案,润滑油组合物为SAE 10WX、SAE 5WX或SAE 0WX的形式,优选为SAE 10WX或SAE 5WX粘度等级的形式,其中X表示20、30、40和50中的任一个。优选地,X为30或40。
油溶性钼化合物(A)
对于本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物,可使用在润滑油组合物中具有摩擦改进性能的任何合适的油溶性或油分散性钼化合物。
优选地,油溶性或油分散性钼化合物为油溶性或油分散性有机钼化合物。作为这类有机钼化合物的实例,可提到二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二硫代磷酸钼、二硫代次膦酸钼、黄原酸钼、硫代黄原酸钼、硫化钼等,以及它们的混合物。特别优选二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二烷基二硫代膦酸钼、烷基黄原酸钼和烷基硫代黄原酸钼。尤其优选的有机钼化合物为二硫代氨基甲酸钼。在本发明一个实施方案中,油溶性或油分散性钼化合物由二硫代氨基甲酸钼或者二硫代磷酸钼或其混合物组成,作为润滑油组合物中的唯一钼原子来源。在本发明备选实施方案中,油溶性或油分散性钼化合物由二硫代氨基甲酸钼组成,作为润滑油组合物中的唯一钼原子来源。
钼化合物可以为单核、双核、三核或四核的。优选双核和三核钼化合物。
合适的双核或二聚二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼由下式表示:
其中R1-R4独立地表示具有1-24个碳原子的直链、支化或芳族烃基;且X1-X4独立地表示氧原子或硫原子。四个烃基R1-R4可以相同或彼此不同。
可用于本发明组合物中的其它钼化合物为式Mo(ROCS2)4和Mo(RSCS2)4的有机钼化合物,其中R为选自烷基、芳基、芳烷基和烷氧基烷基的有机基团,通常具有1-30个碳原子,优选2-12个碳原子,最优选是具有2-12个碳原子的烷基。尤其优选钼的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐。
合适的三核有机钼化合物包括式Mo3SkLnQz的那些及其混合物,其中L为独立选择的具有具有足够数目的碳原子以使化合物可溶或可分散于油中的有机基团的配体,n为1-4,k为4-7,Q选自中性给电子化合物,例如水、胺、醇、膦和醚,且z为0-5并且包括非化学计量值。在所有配体的有机基团中,应存在总计至少21个碳原子,例如至少25、至少30或至少35个碳原子。
配体独立地选自:
-X-R 1,
及其混合物,其中X、X1、X2和Y独立地选自氧和硫,且其中R1、R2和R独立地选自氢和可以为相同或不同的有机基团。优选地,有机基团为烃基,例如烷基(例如其中连接在配体的其余部分上的碳原子为伯或仲碳)、芳基、取代芳基和醚基团。更优选地,各个配体具有相同的烃基。
重要的是,配体的有机基团具有足够数目的碳原子以使化合物可溶或可分散于油中。例如,各个基团中的碳原子数目通常为约1至约100,优选约1至约30,更优选约4至约20。优选的配体包括二烷基二硫代磷酸盐、烷基黄原酸盐和二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐,在这些中,更优选二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐。包含两个或更多个上述官能的有机配体也能用作配体并与所述芯的一个或多个结合。本领域技术人员认识到本发明化合物的形成要求选择具有合适的电荷以平衡芯的电荷的配体。
具有式Mo3SkLnQz的化合物具有被阴离子配体围绕的阳离子芯,并且由以下结构表示,例如:
和
且具有+4的净电荷。因此,为使这些芯加溶,所有配体的总电荷必须为-4。优选4个单阴离子配体。不愿受任何理论束缚,认为两个或更多个三核芯可经由一个或多个配体键合或互连并且配体可为多齿的。这包括具有与单芯的多个连接的多齿配体的情况。认为氧和/或硒可取代芯中的硫。
油溶性或油分散性三核钼化合物可通过在合适的液体/溶剂中使钼来源如(NH4)2Mo3S13.n(H2O)(其中n为0-2且包括非化学计量值)与合适的配体来源如四烷基秋兰姆二硫化物反应而制备。在钼来源如(NH4)2Mo3S13.n(H2O)、配体来源如四烷基秋兰姆二硫化物、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐或二烷基二硫代磷酸盐和硫提取剂如氰化物离子、亚硫酸根离子或取代膦在合适溶剂中反应期间可形成其它油溶性或油分散性三核钼化合物。或者,三核钼-硫卤盐如[M']2[Mo3S7A6](其中M'为抗衡离子,且A为卤素如Cl、Br或I)可与配体来源如二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐或二烷基二硫代磷酸盐在合适的液体/溶剂中反应以形成油溶性或油分散性三核钼化合物。合适的液体/溶剂可以为例如含水或有机的。
化合物的油溶性或油分散性可受配体的有机基团中的碳原子数目影响。优选地,在所有配体的有机基团中应存在总计至少21个碳原子。优选地,选择的配体来源在其有机基团中具有足够数目的碳原子以使化合物可溶或可分散于润滑组合物中。
油溶性钼化合物的量取决于润滑油组合物的特定性能要求。合适地,本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物包含提供给组合物至少30ppm或至少50ppm钼(ASTM D5185)的量的钼化合物。本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物可包含提供给组合物至多1000ppm或者至多500ppm或至多200ppm或至多150ppm钼(ASTM D5185)的量的钼化合物。
无灰有机摩擦改进剂(B)
适用于本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物中的无灰摩擦改进剂包括无氮有机摩擦改进剂并且包括通过羧酸和酸酐与烷醇反应而形成的酯。其它合适的摩擦改进剂包含与亲油性烃链共价键合的极性端基(例如羧基或羟基)。羧酸和酸酐与烷醇的酯描述于US 4,702,850中。其它常规有机摩擦改进剂的实例由M.Belzer描述于“Journal of Tribology”(1992),第114卷,第675-682页中以及由M.Belzer和S.Jahanmir描述于“LubricationScience”(1988),第1卷,第3-26页中。
优选的有机无灰无氮摩擦改进剂为酯或基于酯;特别优选的有机无灰无氮摩擦改进剂为甘油单油酸酯(GMO)。
其它优选的无灰有机摩擦改进剂包括烯基取代酸酐,例如十八碳烯基琥珀酸酐。
也可使用无灰胺类或基于胺的摩擦改进剂,它们包括油溶性烷氧基化单胺和二胺,其改进边界层润滑。一类常用的这类无金属含氮摩擦改进剂包含乙氧基化烷基胺。它们可以为与硼化合物如氧化硼、卤化硼、偏硼酸盐、硼酸或者单-、二-或三-烷基硼酸酯的加合物或反应产物的形式。另一无金属含氮摩擦改进剂为作为以下物质的反应产物形成的酯:(i)式R1R2R3N的叔胺,其中R1、R2和R3表示具有1-6个碳原子的脂族烃基,优选烷基,R1、R2和R3中的至少一个为羟基,与(ii)具有10-30个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸。优选地,R1、R2和R3中的至少一个为烷基。优选地,叔胺具有至少一个具有2-4个碳原子的羟基烷基。取决于多少羟基可用于与脂肪酸的酰基酯化,酯可以为单酯、二酯或三酯或它们的混合物。本发明所有方面的无灰有机摩擦改进剂可包含作为以下物质的反应产物形成的酯的混合物:(i)式R1R2R3N的叔羟胺,其中R1、R2和R3可以为C2-C4羟基烷基,与(ii)具有10-30个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸,所形成的酯混合物包含至少30-60质量%,优选45-55质量%二酯,例如50质量%二酯,10-40质量%,优选20-30质量%单酯,例如25质量%单酯,和10-40质量%,优选20-30质量%三酯,例如25质量%三酯。合适地,酯为三乙醇胺的单羧酸酯、二羧酸酯或三羧酸酯及其混合物。
通常,本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物中无灰有机摩擦改进剂(B)的总量基于润滑油组合物的总质量不超过5质量%,优选不超过2质量%,更优选不超过0.5质量%。
无灰分散剂(C)
本发明所有方面的润滑油也可包含分散剂添加剂。
分散剂为主要功能是保持固体和液体污染物悬浮,由此使它们钝化并在降低淤渣沉积的同时降低发动机沉积物的添加剂。例如,分散剂使在润滑剂使用期间由氧化产生的油不溶性物质悬浮,因此防止淤渣絮凝并沉淀或沉积在发动机的金属部件上。
如上所述,分散剂通常为“无灰的”,为燃烧时基本不形成灰的非金属有机材料,这与含金属且因此形成灰的材料相反。它们包含具有极性头的长烃链,极性衍生自包含例如O、P或N原子。烃为例如具有40-500个碳原子的亲油性基团,其赋予油溶性。因此,无灰分散剂可包含油溶性聚合物骨架。
适于本发明所有方面的无灰分散剂优选为无灰含氮分散剂。
合适的无灰分散剂可由仅通过已知反应—热“烯”反应官能化的聚烯烃制备。这类聚烯烃为主要具有末端亚乙烯基的混合物,例如具有至少65%,例如70%,更优选至少85%。作为实例,可提到称为高反应性聚异丁烯(HR-PIB)的聚烯烃,其以商品名GlissopalTM(来自BASF)市售。US-A-4 152 499描述了这类聚合物的制备。
或者,无灰分散剂可由通过所谓的氯化方法官能化了的聚烯烃制备,这产生其中次要百分数的聚合物链(例如小于20%)具有末端亚乙烯基的产物。
可用于将聚烯烃官能化的优选单不饱和反应物包括单-和二元羧酸材料,即酸、酸酐或酸酯材料,包括(i)单不饱和C4-C10二元羧酸,其中(a)羧基为邻位的(即位于相邻碳原子上),和(b)至少一个,优选两个所述相邻碳原子为所述单不饱和的一部分;(ii)(i)的衍生物,例如(i)的酸酐或者C1-C5醇衍生的单酯或二酯;(iii)单不饱和C3-C10单羧酸,其中碳-碳双键与羧基共轭,即结构-C=C-CO-;和(iv)(iii)的衍生物,例如(iii)的C1-C5醇衍生的单酯或二酯。还可使用单不饱和羧酸材料(i)-(iv)的混合物。在与聚烯烃反应时,单不饱和羧酸反应物的单不饱和变得饱和。因此,例如马来酸酐变成聚烯烃取代的琥珀酸酐,且丙烯酸变成聚烯烃取代的丙酸。这类单不饱和羧酸反应物的实例为富马酸、衣康酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、肉桂酸以及上述的低级烷基(例如C1-C4烷基)酸酯,例如马来酸甲酯、富马酸乙酯和富马酸甲酯。
为提供所需官能度,单不饱和羧酸反应物,优选马来酸酐通常以基于聚烯烃的摩尔数等摩尔量至100重量%过量,优选5-50重量%过量的量使用。如果需要的话,未反应的过量单不饱和羧酸反应物可通过例如汽提而从最终分散剂产物中除去,通常在真空下进行。
然后将官能化油溶性聚烯烃用亲核反应物,例如胺、氨基醇、醇或其混合物衍生化以形成包含相应衍生物的分散剂。可用于将官能化聚合物衍生化的胺包含至少一个胺,并且可包含一个或多个其它胺或者其它反应性或极性基团。这些胺可以为烃基胺或者可以为主要烃基胺,其中烃基包括其它基团,例如羟基、烷氧基、酰胺基团、腈和咪唑啉基团。特别有用的胺化合物包括单胺和多胺,例如每分子具有1-12,例如3-12,优选3-9,最优选6-7个氮原子的具有总计2-60,例如2-40(例如3-20)个碳原子的聚烯和聚氧化烯多胺。可有利地使用胺化合物的混合物。优选的胺为脂族饱和胺,包括例如1,2-二氨基乙烷;1,3-二氨基丙烷;1,4-二氨基丁烷;1,6-二氨基己烷;聚亚乙基胺,例如二亚乙基三胺;三亚乙基四胺;四亚乙基五胺;和聚亚丙基胺,例如1,2-丙二胺;和二-(1,2-亚丙基)三胺。这类多胺混合物,称为PAM,为市售的。特别优选的多胺混合物为通过将轻馏分从PAM产物中蒸馏出来而得到的混合物。所得混合物称为“重”PAM或HPAM,也是市售的。PAM和/或HPAM的性能和属性例如描述于美国专利Nos.4,938,881;4,927,551;5,230,714;5,241,003;5,565,128;5,756,431;5,792,730;和5,854,186中。
其它有用的胺化合物包括:脂环族二胺,例如1,4-二(氨基甲基)环己烷和杂环氮化合物,例如咪唑啉。另一类有用的胺为多酰胺基和相关酰胺-胺,如美国专利Nos.4,857,217;4,956,107;4,963,275;和5,229,022中公开的那些。可用的还有三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷(TAM),如美国专利Nos.4,102,798;4,113,639;4,116,876;和UK 989,409所述。也可使用树枝状聚合物、星型胺和梳型结构的胺。类似地,可使用缩合胺,如美国专利No.5,053,152所述。使用常规技术使官能化聚合物与胺化合物反应,如例如美国专利Nos.4,234,435和5,229,022以及EP-A-208,560所述。
本发明分散剂优选包含至少一种衍生自聚烯烃取代的单羧酸或二元羧酸、酸酐或酯的分散剂,其基于每聚烯烃结构部分具有大于1.3至1.7,优选大于1.3至1.6,最优选大于1.3至1.5个官能团(产生单羧酸或二元羧酸的结构部分)(中等官能度分散剂)。官能度(F)可根据下式确定:
F=(SAP×Mn)/((112,200×A.I.)-(SAP×MW)) (1)
其中SAP为皂化值(即在完全中和1g含琥珀酸的反应产物中的酸基所消耗的KOH的毫克数,根据ASTM D94测定);Mn为起始烯烃聚合物的数均分子量;A.I.为含琥珀酸的反应产物的%活性成分(其余为未反应的烯烃聚合物、琥珀酸酐和稀释剂);且MW为产生单羧酸或二元羧酸的结构部分的分子量(例如对马来酸酐而言,为98)。
一般而言,各个产生单羧酸或二元羧酸的结构部分与亲核基团(胺、醇、酰胺或酯极性结构部分)反应且聚烯烃取代的羧酸酰化剂中的官能团数目决定最终分散剂中亲核基团的数目。
本发明分散剂的聚烯烃结构部分可具有至少900,适当地至少1500,优选1800-3000,例如2000-2800,更优选约2100-2500,最优选约2200至约2400的数均分子量。分散剂的分子量通常是就聚烯烃结构部分的分子量而言表述;这是因为分散剂的确切分子量范围取决于大量参数,包括用于衍生分散剂的聚合物的类型、官能团的数目和所用亲核基团的类型。
聚合物分子量,具体而言,Mn可通过各种已知技术测定。一种方便的方法为凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC),其还提供分子量分布信息(参见W.W.Yau,J.J.Kirkland和D.D.Bly,“Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography”,John Wiley和Sons,New York,1979)。测定分子量,特别是对较低分子量聚合物而言,另一有用方法是蒸气压渗透压法(参见例如ASTM D3592)。
本发明分散剂的聚烯烃结构部分优选具有窄分子量分布(MWD),也称为多分散性,如通过重均分子量(Mw)与数均分子量(Mn)的比测定。具有小于2.2,优选小于2.0的Mw/Mn的聚合物是最合意的。合适的聚合物具有约1.5-2.1,优选约1.6至约1.8的多分散性。
用于形成本发明分散剂的合适聚烯烃包括均聚物、共聚物或较低分子量烃。一类的此类聚合物包括乙烯和/或至少一种具有式H2C=CHR1的C3-C28α-烯烃的聚合物,其中R1为包含1-26个碳原子的直链或支化烷基,且其中聚合物包含碳-碳不饱和和高度末端亚乙烯基不饱和。优选地,这类聚合物包括乙烯和至少一种上式的α-烯烃的互聚物,其中R1为1-18个碳原子的烷基,更优选为1-8个碳原子,仍更优选1-2个碳原子的烷基。
另一类有用的聚合物为通过单体如异丁烯和苯乙烯的阳离子聚合而制备的聚合物。来自这类的常见聚合物包括通过热“烯”反应使具有35-75重量%的丁烯含量和30-60重量%的异丁烯含量的C4精炼厂料流聚合而得到的聚异丁烯。用于制备聚正丁烯的优选单体来源为石油原料流如Raffinate II。这些原料公开于本领域中,如美国专利No.4,952,739。优选的实施方案使用由纯异丁烯料流或Raffinate I料流制备的聚异丁烯来制备如上所述具有末端亚乙烯基烯烃的反应性异丁烯聚合物。
本发明分散剂优选为单琥珀酰亚胺或双琥珀酰亚胺。
本发明分散剂可通过常规方法硼酸化,如美国专利Nos.3,087,936、3,254,025和5,430,105中一般性地教导的。分散剂的硼酸化容易通过将酰基含氮分散剂用以足以对每摩尔酰化氮组合物提供0.1-20原子比例硼的量的硼化合物如氧化硼、卤化硼、硼酸和硼酸的酯处理而实现。
在产物中显示为脱水硼酸聚合物(主要(HBO2)3)的硼被认为例如连接在分散剂酰亚胺和二酰亚胺上作为胺盐,例如二酰亚胺的偏硼酸盐。硼酸化可通过如下方式进行:将足量的硼化合物,优选硼酸,通常作为浆料加入酰基氮化合物中,并在135℃至190℃,例如140-170℃在搅拌下加热1-5小时,然后氮汽提。或者,硼处理可通过将硼酸加入二元羧酸材料和胺的热反应混合物中,同时除去水而进行。也可应用本领域中已知的其它反应后方法。
通常,润滑油组合物可包含1-20,例如3-15,优选3-12质量%分散剂。
本发明所有方面的无灰分散剂(D)可包含无灰分散剂化合物的混合物。在本发明所有方面的优选实施方案中,润滑油组合物包含通过热“烯”方法制备的无灰分散剂。如果润滑油组合物包含无灰分散剂添加剂的混合物,则通过热“烯”方法制备的无灰分散剂优选提供大部分的无灰分散剂。例如,无灰分散剂(D)可包含至少50质量%,或者至少70%或至少75%的通过热方法制备的无灰分散剂。在本发明所有方面的实施方案中,无灰分散剂(D)仅包含通过热方法制备的分散剂。
本发明润滑油组合物中氮的量取决于油的具体应用。通常,本发明润滑油组合物包含至少0.02质量%,例如至少0.03质量%或0.04质量%的氮,基于组合物的总质量,根据ASTM方法D5291测量。合适地,润滑油组合物包含不多于0.20质量%,例如不多于0.15质量%或不多于0.12质量%的氮,基于组合物的总质量,根据ASTM D5291测量。
含金属清净剂(E)
合适地,本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物进一步包含至少一种含金属清净剂添加剂。
含金属清净剂既充当清净剂以降低或除去沉积物,又充当酸中和剂或防锈剂,由此降低磨损和腐蚀并延长发动机寿命。清净剂通常包含具有长疏水尾的极性头,极性头包含酸性有机化合物的金属盐。盐可包含基本化学计量量的金属,在这种情况下,它们通常描述为正盐或中性盐,并且通常具有0-80mg KOH/g的总碱值或TBN(如通过ASTM D2896测量)。大量金属碱可通过使过量金属化合物(例如氧化物或氢氧化物)与酸性气体(例如二氧化碳)反应而引入。所得过碱性清净剂包含中和的清净剂作为金属碱(例如碳酸盐)胶束的外层。这类过碱性清净剂可具有150mg KOH/g或更大的TBN,通常具有250-450mg KOH/g或更大的TBN。在式I化合物的存在下,过碱性清净剂的量可降低,或者可使用具有降低的过碱化程度的清净剂(例如具有100-200mg KOH/g的TBN的清净剂)或中性清净剂,产生润滑油组合物的SASH含量的相应降低而不降低其性能。
可使用的清净剂包括金属,特别是碱或碱土金属,例如钠、钾、锂、钙和镁的油溶性中性和过碱性磺酸盐、酚盐、硫化酚盐、硫代膦酸盐、水杨酸盐和环烷酸盐以及其它油溶性羧酸盐。最常用的金属为钙和镁,它们可都存在于根据本发明任何方面的润滑油组合物中所用的清净剂中。可使用无论是过碱性还是中性或者二者的清净剂的组合。
磺酸盐可由通常通过将烷基取代的芳族烃如由石油分馏或者通过将芳族烃烷基化得到的那些磺化而得到的磺酸制备。实例包括通过将苯、甲苯、二甲苯、萘、联苯或它们的卤素衍生物如氯苯、氯甲苯和氯萘烷基化而得到的那些。烷基化可在催化剂的存在下用具有约3至多于70个碳原子的烷基化剂进行。烷芳基磺酸盐通常基于每个烷基取代芳族结构部分包含约9至约80个或更多碳原子,优选约16至约60个碳原子。可将油溶性磺酸盐或烷芳基磺酸用金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、醇盐、碳酸盐、羧酸盐、硫化物、氢硫化物、硝酸盐、硼酸盐和醚中和。根据最终产物的所需TBN选择金属化合物的量,但通常为化学计量所需量的约100-220质量%(优选至少125质量%)。
酚和硫化酚的金属盐通过与合适的金属化合物如氧化物或氢氧化物反应而制备,并且中性或过碱性产物可通过本领域中熟知的方法得到。硫化酚可通过酚与硫或含硫化合物如硫化氢、单卤化硫或二卤化硫反应以形成产物而制备,所述产物通常为其中2个或更多酚通过含硫桥桥联的化合物的混合物。
羧酸盐清净剂(例如水杨酸盐)可通过芳族羧酸与合适的金属化合物如氧化物或氢氧化物反应而制备,并且中性或过碱性产物可通过本领域中熟知的方法得到。芳族羧酸的芳族结构部分可包含杂原子,例如氮和氧。优选地,所述结构部分仅包含碳原子;更优选地,所述结构部分包含6个或更多碳原子;例如苯为优选的结构部分。芳族羧酸可包含一个或多个芳族结构部分,例如一个或多个苯环,它们是稠合的或者经由亚烷基桥连接的。
油溶性水杨酸中的优选取代基为烷基取代基。在烷基取代的水杨酸中,烷基有利地包含5-100,优选9-30,尤其是14-20个碳原子。如果存在多于一个烷基,则所有烷基中的平均碳原子数目优选为至少9以确保合适的油溶性。
含金属清净剂(E)可包含一种或多种为中性或过碱性碱或碱土金属水杨酸盐的金属清净剂。非常优选的水杨酸盐清净剂包括碱土金属水杨酸盐,特别是镁和钙,尤其是钙水杨酸盐。金属水杨酸盐可以为存在于本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物中的唯一含金属清净剂。或者,其它含金属清净剂,例如金属磺酸盐或酚盐可存在于润滑组合物中。优选地,水杨酸盐清净剂提供润滑油组合物中的大部分清净剂添加剂。
存在于根据本发明任何方面的润滑油组合物中的含金属清净剂的总量合适地为0.1-10质量%,优选0.5-5质量%,基于活性物质。
助添加剂
根据本发明各个方面的润滑油组合物还可包含一种或多种不同于添加剂组分(B)、(C)、(D)和(E)的助添加剂。合适的助添加剂及其常用处理率讨论于下文中。所有所列值以完全配制润滑剂中的活性成分质量%描述。
(1)粘度改进剂仅用于多级油中。
通常通过将所述添加剂或各添加剂混入基油中而制备的最终润滑油组合物可包含5-25,优选5-18,通常7-15质量%添加剂;其余为润滑粘度的油。
上述助添加剂更详细地讨论如下;据本领域中已知,一些添加剂可提供多种作用,例如单一添加剂可充当分散剂和氧化抑制剂。
抗磨剂降低摩擦和过度磨损,并且通常基于含硫或磷或者二者的化合物,例如能够在涉及的表面上沉积多硫化物膜的那些。值得注意的是二烃基二硫代磷酸金属盐,其中金属可以为碱或碱土金属,或者铝、铅、锡、钼、锰、镍、铜或者优选锌。
二烃基二硫代磷酸金属盐可根据已知技术通过如下方式制备:首先通过一种或多种醇或酚与P2S5反应而形成二烃基二硫代磷酸(DDPA),然后将形成的DDPA用金属化合物中和。例如,二硫代磷酸可通过伯和仲醇的混合物反应而制备。或者,可制备多种二硫代磷酸,其中一种上的烃基性质完全为仲,且其它上的烃基性质完全为伯。为制备金属盐,可使用任何碱性或中性金属化合物,但最通常使用氧化物、氢氧化物和碳酸盐。由于在中和反应中使用过量碱性金属化合物,商业添加剂通常包含过量金属。
优选的二烃基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)为二烃基二硫代磷酸的油溶性盐并且可由下式表示:
其中R和R’可以为包含1-18,优选2-12个碳原子的相同或不同烃基,包括基团如烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基、烷芳基和脂环族基团。特别优选作为R和R’基团的是2-8个碳原子的烷基。因此,基团可以为例如乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、戊基、正己基、异己基、正辛基、癸基、十二烷基、十八烷基、2-乙基己基、苯基、丁基苯基、环己基、甲基环戊基、丙烯基、丁烯基。为得到油溶性,二硫代磷酸中的碳原子总数(即R和R’)通常为约5或更大。因此,二烃基二硫代磷酸锌可包含二烷基二硫代磷酸锌。
ZDDP以足以提供给润滑油至少800ppm,例如至少900ppm或至少1000质量ppm磷的量加入润滑油组合物中,基于润滑油组合物的总质量,根据ASTM D5185测量。
ZDDP合适地以足以提供给润滑油不多于1200质量ppm磷的量加入润滑油组合物中,基于润滑油组合物的总质量,根据ASTM D5185测量。
粘度改进剂(VM)用于赋予润滑油高和低温操作性。所用VM可具有该唯一功能,或者可以为多功能的。也充当分散剂的多功能粘度改进剂也是已知的。合适的粘度改进剂为聚异丁烯、乙烯和丙烯和更高级α-烯烃的共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、不饱和二元羧酸和乙烯基化合物的共聚物、苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯的互聚物,和苯乙烯/异戊二烯的部分氢化共聚物、苯乙烯/丁二烯的部分氢化共聚物以及异戊二烯/丁二烯的部分氢化共聚物,以及丁二烯和异戊二烯和异戊二烯/二乙烯基苯的部分氢化均聚物。本发明所有方面的优选粘度改进剂为不饱和二元羧酸和乙烯基化合物的共聚物、苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯的互聚物,最优选苯乙烯/异戊二烯的部分氢化共聚物、苯乙烯/丁二烯的部分氢化共聚物和异戊二烯/丁二烯的部分氢化共聚物,以及丁二烯和异戊二烯和异戊二烯/二乙烯基苯的部分氢化均聚物。优选的苯乙烯/异戊二烯、苯乙烯/丁二烯和异戊二烯/丁二烯的部分氢化共聚物可以为无规共聚物,但优选为嵌段共聚物。优选的苯乙烯/异戊二烯的部分氢化共聚物、苯乙烯/丁二烯的部分氢化共聚物和异戊二烯/丁二烯的部分氢化共聚物以及丁二烯和异戊二烯和异戊二烯/二乙烯基苯的部分氢化均聚物粘度改进剂可以为线性聚合物或星型(径向)聚合物。
用于本发明实践中的线性嵌段共聚物可由以下通式表示:
Az-(B-A)y-Bx
其中:
A为主要包含单烯基芳族烃单体单元的聚合物嵌段;
B为主要包含共轭二烯烃单体单元的聚合物嵌段;
x和z独立地为等于0或1的数;且
y为1至约15的整数。
有用的递变线性嵌段共聚物可由以下通式表示:
A-A/B-B
其中:
A为主要包含单烯基芳族烃单体单元的聚合物嵌段;
B为主要包含共轭二烯烃单体单元的聚合物嵌段;且
A/B为包含单烯基芳族烃和共轭二烯烃单元的递变链段。
二烯(例如异戊二烯和/或丁二烯)的星型或径向均聚物或者无规共聚物可由以下通式一般性地表示:
(B)n-C
其中:
B和C如先前所定义的;且
n为3-30的数;
C为用多官能偶联剂形成的径向聚合物的芯;
B’为主要包含共轭二烯烃单元的聚合物嵌段,该B’可与B相同或不同;且n’和n”为代表各类臂的数目的整数,且n’和n”的和为3-30的数。
星型或径向嵌段共聚物可由以下通式一般性地表示:
(Bx-(A-B)y-Az)n-C;和
(B’x-(A-B)y-Az)n’-C(B’)n”
其中:
A、B、x、y和z如先前所定义;
n为3-30的数;
C为用多官能偶联剂形成的径向聚合物的芯;
B’为主要包含共轭二烯烃单元的聚合物嵌段,该B’可与B相同或不同;且n’和n”为代表各类臂的数目的整数,且n’和n”的和为3-30的数。
如本文关于聚合物嵌段组成所用,术语“主要”意指为聚合物嵌段中的主要组分的所述单体或单体类型以至少85重量%嵌段的量存在。
合适地,根据本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物包含一种或多种星型聚合物粘度改进剂。根据本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物可包含线性和星型聚合物粘度改进剂的混合物。在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物仅包含星型聚合物粘度改进剂。
油溶性粘度改进聚合物通常具有10,000-1,000,000,优选20,000-500,000的重均分子量,其可通过凝胶渗透色谱法或者光散射测定。
抗氧化剂,有时称为氧化抑制剂,提高组合物对氧化的抗性,并且可通过与过氧化物组合以及通过将过氧化物分解或者通过使氧化催化剂成惰性而将过氧化物改性以使它们无害而起作用。氧化劣化可通过润滑剂中的淤渣、金属表面上的漆状沉积物以及粘度增加证明。
合适的抗氧化剂的实例选自含铜抗氧化剂、含硫抗氧化剂、含芳族胺抗氧化剂、受阻酚抗氧化剂和二硫代磷酸盐衍生物。优选的抗氧化剂为无灰抗氧化剂。优选的无灰抗氧化剂为无灰含芳族胺抗氧化剂、无灰受阻酚抗氧化剂及其混合物。在一个优选实施方案中,一种或多种抗氧化剂存在于本发明所有方面的润滑油组合物中。
可使用选自非离子聚氧化烯多元醇及其酯、聚氧化烯酚和阴离子烷基磺酸的防锈 剂。
在本发明一些实施方案中,可使用含铜和铅的腐蚀抑制剂,并且当这些化合物包含在润滑组合物中时,它们优选以不超过0.2重量%活性成分的量存在。然而,在本发明的优选实施方案中,润滑油组合物中不存在含铜添加剂。当存在时,合适的这类化合物为包含5-50个碳原子的噻二唑多硫化物、其衍生物及其聚合物。1,3,4噻二唑的衍生物,例如美国专利Nos.2,719,125;2,719,126;和3,087,932所述那些是典型的。其它类似的材料描述于美国专利Nos.3,821,236;3,904,537;4,097,387;4,107,059;4,136,043;4,188,299;和4,193,882中。其它添加剂为噻二唑的硫代和多硫代亚磺酰胺,例如英国专利说明书No.1,560,830所述。苯并三唑衍生物也属于这类添加剂。
可使用少量破乳组分。优选的破乳组分描述于EP 330522中。它通过氧化烯与通过双环氧化物与多元醇反应得到的加合物反应而得到。破乳剂应当以不超过0.1质量%活性成分的含量使用。0.001-0.05质量%活性成分的处理率是适宜的。
倾点下降剂,也称为润滑油流动改进剂,降低流体流动或者可倾倒时的最小温度。这类添加剂是熟知的。改进流体的低温流动性的那些添加剂的典型是富马酸C8-C18二烷基酯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯等。
泡沫控制可由许多化合物,包括聚硅氧烷类型的消泡剂,例如硅油或聚二甲基硅氧烷提供。
各个添加剂可以以任何方便的方式结合到基础油料中。因此,可通过以所需浓度水平将其分散或溶于基础油料或基油混合物中而将各组分直接加入基础油料或基油混合物中。该混合可在环境温度或提高的温度下进行。
优选地,将除粘度改进剂和倾点下降剂外的所有添加剂作为添加剂包混入本文所述浓缩物或添加剂包中,随后将它混入基础油料中以制备最终润滑剂。通常配制浓缩物以包含合适量的添加剂以在浓缩物与预定量的基础润滑剂合并时提供最终配制剂中的所需浓度。
浓缩物优选根据US 4,938,880所述方法制备。该专利描述了制备无灰分散剂和金属清净剂的预混料,将其在至少约100℃的温度下预混合。其后,将预混料冷却至至少85℃并加入其它组分。
最终曲轴箱润滑油配制剂可使用2-20,优选4-18,最优选5-17质量%浓缩物或添加剂包,其余为基础油料。
本发明润滑油组合物可具有基于组合物的总质量小于或等于1.2质量%,优选小于或等于1.1质量%,更优选小于或等于1.0质量%(ASTM D874)的硫酸盐灰分含量。本发明润滑油组合物合适地具有基于组合物的总质量至少0.4质量%,优选至少0.5质量%,例如至少0.6质量%(ASTM D874)的硫酸盐灰分含量。合适地,润滑油组合物的硫酸盐灰分含量为0.04-1.2质量%,优选0.06-1.0质量%(ASTM D874)。
润滑油组合物中的硫含量取决于润滑油组合物的具体应用。润滑油组合物可包含基于组合物的总质量至多0.4,例如至多0.35质量%硫(ASTM D2622)的量的硫。一般而言,润滑油组合物包含基于组合物的总质量至少0.1质量%或者甚至至少0.2质量%硫(ASTMD2622)。
合适地,本发明所有方面和实施方案的润滑油组合物可具有根据ASTM D2896测量为4-15,优选4-10mg KOH/g的总碱值(TBN)。
实施例
现在在以下实施例中描述本发明,所述实施例不意欲限制权利要求的范围。
将表1所述一系列10W-30油混合。如以下实施例1和2中所述使这些油经受多种试验。这里描述所用试验方法。
高频往复试验机(HFRR–由PCS Instruments供应)用于评估油的边界机制摩擦特征(boundary regime friction characteristics)。
试验机以在10mm圆盘上的6mm球设置。所用试验程序如下:
试验具有在低温运行中的6个阶段和在高温运行中的4个阶段。测量各温度阶段下的平均摩擦和所有阶段的总体平均摩擦。
JASO T 903:2016离合器摩擦试验基于SAE#2试验机测量离合器摩擦。试验以3600rpm和摩擦试验板的1000次结合/脱离循环的持续时间运行。测量试验循环期间试验油的摩擦系数。试验产生三个不同的摩擦指数,即静摩擦指数(SFI)、动摩擦指数(DFI)和停止时间指数(SFI)。这些指数基于试验油相对于两种标准参比油的摩擦系数计算。这三个指数决定了基于JASO T 903:2016说明书所述限值将JASO摩擦性能分类为MA2、MA1、MA和MB。关于各分类的限值描述在下面:
MB | MA | MA1 | MA2 | |
DFI | ≥0.40且<1.35 | ≥1.35且<2.5 | ≥1.35且<1.50 | ≥1.50且<2.5 |
SFI | ≥0.40且<1.45 | ≥1.45且<2.5 | ≥1.45且<1.60 | ≥1.60且<2.5 |
STI | ≥0.40且<1.40 | ≥1.40且<2.5 | ≥1.40且<1.60 | ≥1.60且<2.5 |
由PCS Instruments供应的微牵引力试验机(MTM)为计算机控制的牵引力和磨损测量仪器,其提供流体的受控牵引力描绘。它测量旋转球在转盘上在可变拽引速度下的摩擦系数。在安装在枢轴上的3/4英寸球与水平安装在试验流体储器中的旋转的46mm直径圆盘之间形成接触,所述球自动负载在所述圆盘上。拽引速度的变化模拟表面之间润滑油膜的厚度变化。由于MTM不涉及往复运动,它通常与轴承、泵和活塞环中典型的混合和流力润滑机制相关。试验在四个温度:60℃、80℃、100℃和145℃下运行。
试验持续时间(分钟) | 在每个温度阶段下1分钟保持和5分钟运行 |
试验负载(N) | 400 |
频率(Hz) | 50 |
行程长度(微米) | 3,000 |
温度(℃) | 60、80、100、120、140、160 |
由Optimol供应的Schwingung Reibung Verschleiss“SRV”用于评估液体润滑剂在宽范围应用中的摩擦和磨损性能。存在可用于SRV中的不同试样和结构;在这些实施例中,试验机设置有在24×7.9mm圆盘上的15×22mm圆筒。试验具有6个温度阶段,并且可以记录各个温度阶段的平均摩擦和所有阶段的总体平均摩擦。所用试验程序如下:
试验油在圆筒与圆盘之间形成膜,使圆筒进行跨圆盘的滑动或往复运动并且测量金属-金属接触之间的摩擦。这用于评估油的边界机制摩擦特征。
实施例1
油1-7各自在HFRR中测试,并且在各个不同温度下的平均系数描述于下表2中:
表2
温度,℃ | 油1 | 油2 | 油3 | 油4 | 油5 | 油6 | 油7 |
40 | 0.122 | 0.117 | 0.120 | 0.117 | 0.123 | 0.119 | 0.122 |
60 | 0.135 | 0.124 | 0.132 | 0.125 | 0.136 | 0.125 | 0.138 |
80 | 0.153 | 0.128 | 0.146 | 0.132 | 0.144 | 0.144 | 0.148 |
100 | 0.158 | 0.113 | 0.150 | 0.138 | 0.148 | 0.136 | 0.127 |
120 | 0.161 | 0.122 | 0.154 | 0.145 | 0.154 | 0.135 | 0.115 |
140 | 0.162 | 0.122 | 0.157 | 0.149 | 0.155 | 0.131 | 0.118 |
160 | 0.162 | 0.096 | 0.140 | 0.140 | 0.136 | 0.125 | 0.090 |
180 | 0.159 | 0.099 | 0.138 | 0.141 | 0.134 | 0.130 | 0.063 |
200 | 0.158 | 0.100 | 0.136 | 0.139 | 0.140 | 0.126 | 0.064 |
220 | 0.156 | 0.095 | 0.141 | 0.145 | 0.144 | 0.124 | 0.078 |
该数据也图示于图1中。
油1-7各自还在SRV中测试,并且在各个不同温度下的平均系数描述于下表3中。
表3
温度,℃ | 油1 | 油2 | 油3 | 油4 | 油5 | 油6 | 油7 |
60 | 0.170 | 0.082 | 0.161 | 0.162 | 0.160 | 0.134 | 0.135 |
80 | 0.165 | 0.090 | 0.161 | 0.163 | 0.160 | 0.147 | 0.152 |
100 | 0.167 | 0.125 | 0.162 | 0.165 | 0.161 | 0.149 | 0.154 |
120 | 0.171 | 0.135 | 0.161 | 0.167 | 0.164 | 0.151 | 0.153 |
140 | 0.173 | 0.127 | 0.161 | 0.166 | 0.167 | 0.151 | 0.150 |
160 | 0.171 | 0.111 | 0.167 | 0.164 | 0.169 | 0.147 | 0.135 |
该数据也图示于图2中。
从数据可以看出,如所预期的,具有0.23质量%二硫代氨基甲酸钼的油通常具有最低的摩擦系数,并且这随着温度提高降低。油6中的二硫代氨基甲酸钼量减半,提高了较高温度下的摩擦系数。具有无灰摩擦改进剂且不具有钼化合物的油3、4和5通常具有比含钼的油更高的摩擦系数,尽管仍比既不含无灰摩擦改进剂也不含钼化合物的参比油1性能更好。应当注意,包含一半量的二硫代氨基甲酸钼和一半量的无灰摩擦改进剂2的油7与具有更高钼含量的油2相比也表现的很好。
在JASO T 903:2016中测试油6、7和8。包含较低钼含量的油8实现MA2评定值,这是在该试验中可实现的最高摩擦等级并且对良好的离合器操作而言是合意的。具有较高钼含量的油6仅实现MB评定值,这是该试验中的最低评定值,且对离合器组件的良好作用而言是不合意的。这些结果是预期的,因为已知钼化合物,尤其是二硫代氨基甲酸钼是有效的摩擦改进剂,在较高的处理率下提供对离合器组件可接受作用而言过大的摩擦降低。
尽管包含与油6相同的较高钼含量,但还包含无灰摩擦改进剂的油7实现MA1评定值。这对离合器组件而言是良好的操作评定值。
由这些结果可以看出,无灰摩擦改进剂与钼添加剂的组合使用容许使用较高处理率的钼添加剂,这对发动机润滑而言是有利的,同时仍保持使用中可接受的离合器摩擦。
因此,由HFRR、SRV数据和JASO T 903:2016数据可以看出,油溶性钼化合物和无灰有机摩擦改进剂的组合可用于由共同油槽提供来润滑发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件的润滑油组合物中,并在发动机中提供良好的摩擦系数,同时保持离合器组件中可接受的摩擦。
实施例2
在MTM中测试仅在非硼酸化分散剂类型方面不同的油8和9。图3-6显示其中"热"分散剂代替"氯"分散剂的油9显示出降低的摩擦系数,该降低在较高温度下特别显著。
实施例3
将三种其它油,混入油9至11并在HFRR、SRV和JASO T 903:2016中测试。将油与未知组成的商业10W-30油对比,所述商业油在JASO T 903:2016中测量具有MA2品质。
油9-11的组成描述于下表4中,量为质量%活性物质。
表4
添加剂 | 油9 | 油10 | 油11 |
添加剂包<sup>8</sup> | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
无灰摩擦改进剂2<sup>4</sup> | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
二硫代氨基甲酸钼<sup>2</sup> | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.045 |
粘度改进剂<sup>7</sup> | 11 | 9.5 | 15.3 |
第II组基油 | 余量 | ||
第III组基油 | 余量 | 余量 | |
SAE粘度等级 | 5W-30 | 10W-30 | 10W-40 |
SASH,质量%(ASTM D874) | 0.688 | 0.688 | 0.688 |
P,ppm(ASTM D5185) | 0.086 | 0.086 | 0.086 |
Mo,ppm(ASTM D5185) | 55 | 55 | 55 |
S,质量%(ASTM D2622) | 0.198 | 0.198 | 0.198 |
N,质量%(ASTM D5291) | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
B,ppm(ASTM D5185) | 86 | 86 | 86 |
Ca,质量%(ASTM D5185) | 0.148 | 0.148 | 0.148 |
TBN(ASTM D2896) | 6.59 | 6.59 | 6.59 |
8油9-11各自的添加剂包相同并且包含硼酸化和非硼酸化聚异丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺分散剂组合、水杨酸钙清净剂、ZDDP、芳族胺和受阻酚抗氧化剂、聚硅氧烷消泡剂PPD和稀释油。
2二硫代氨基甲酸钼为可由Infineum UK Limited以Infineum C9455B得到的三聚二硫代氨基甲酸钼。
4无灰摩擦改进剂2为三乙醇胺的牛油酯。
7粘度改进剂为氢化苯乙烯-二烯星形聚合物。
油9-11仅在粘度改进剂的量和基油方面不同,以得到所述不同的SAE粘度等级。
参比油和油9-11各自在HFRR中测试,并且在各个不同温度下的平均系数描述于下表5中:
表5
温度(℃) | 参比 | 油9 | 油10 | 油11 |
40 | 0.126 | 0.115 | 0.112 | 0.116 |
60 | 0.1335 | 0.124 | 0.119 | 0.125 |
80 | 0.154 | 0.143 | 0.138 | 0.144 |
100 | 0.1635 | 0.143 | 0.1395 | 0.1465 |
120 | 0.165 | 0.129 | 0.1305 | 0.139 |
140 | 0.166 | 0.101 | 0.0975 | 0.1335 |
160 | 0.157 | 0.148 | 0.150 | 0.147 |
180 | 0.158 | 0.133 | 0.136 | 0.144 |
200 | 0.157 | 0.091 | 0.093 | 0.097 |
220 | 0.160 | 0.086 | 0.089 | 0.089 |
结果还图示于下图7中。
参比油和油9-11各自在SRV中测试,并且在各个不同温度下的平均系数描述于下表6中:
表6
温度(℃) | 参比 | 油9 | 油10 | 油11 |
60 | 0.164 | 0.160 | 0.160 | 0.159 |
80 | 0.159 | 0.156 | 0.156 | 0.154 |
100 | 0.163 | 0.158 | 0.158 | 0.157 |
120 | 0.168 | 0.160 | 0.160 | 0.159 |
140 | 0.172 | 0.158 | 0.159 | 0.159 |
160 | 0.174 | 0.148 | 0.147 | 0.152 |
结果还图示于下图8中。
从SRV数据可以看出,所有油9-11在SRV中显示出与商业参比油相比改进的摩擦性能。
还在JASO T 903:2016离合器摩擦试验中测试油10,并且发现具有MA2性能等级。因此,油10显示出与商业参比油相当的离合器摩擦性能,但在SRV中显示出改进的发动机摩擦性能。
Claims (28)
1.摩托车,其具有四冲程发动机和包含离合器组件的变速器,其中发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件通过由共同油槽提供的润滑油组合物润滑,其中所述润滑油组合物包含主要量的润滑粘度的油和次要量的(A)油溶性钼化合物和(B)无灰有机摩擦改进剂。
2.根据权利要求1的摩托车,其中润滑油组合物包含不多于500ppm的来自油溶性钼化合物(A)的钼。
3.根据权利要求1或2的摩托车,其中油溶性钼化合物由二硫代氨基甲酸钼或者二硫代磷酸钼或其混合物组成,作为润滑油组合物中的唯一钼原子来源。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项的摩托车,其中润滑油组合物,其中无灰有机摩擦改进剂(B)包含以下中的至少一种:(a)包含通过羧酸和酸酐与烷醇反应而形成的酯的无氮有机摩擦改进剂,(b)包含烷氧基化单胺和二胺的胺类或基于胺的摩擦改进剂,(c)作为(i)式R1R2R3N的叔胺与(ii)具有10-30个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的反应产物形成的酯,其中R1、R2和R3表示具有1-6个碳原子的脂族烃基,优选烷基,其中R1、R2和R3中的至少一个具有羟基,或它们的混合物。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项的摩托车,其中润滑油组合物中无灰有机摩擦改进剂(B)的总量基于润滑油组合物的总质量不超过5质量%,优选不超过2质量%,更优选不超过0.5质量%。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项的摩托车,其中润滑油组合物进一步包含无灰分散剂添加剂,无灰分散剂添加剂可包含主要量的通过热方法制备的无灰分散剂。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项的摩托车,其中润滑油组合物进一步包含:含金属清净剂,所述含金属清净剂可以为碱或碱土金属磺酸盐、酚盐或水杨酸盐。
8.根据权利要求7的摩托车,其中碱或碱土金属水杨酸盐为润滑油组合物中的唯一含金属清净剂。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项的摩托车,其中润滑油组合物进一步包含粘度改进剂,所述粘度改进剂包含主要量的星型聚合物粘度改进剂。
10.根据权利要求9的摩托车,其中粘度改进剂包含一种或多种星型聚合物粘度改进剂作为润滑油组合物中的唯一粘度改进剂。
11.操作摩托车的方法,所述摩托车具有四冲程发动机和包含离合器组件的变速器,其中发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件通过由共同油槽提供的润滑油组合物润滑,所述方法包括向发动机曲轴箱和离合器组件供应包含主要量的润滑粘度的油以及次要量的(A)油溶性钼化合物和(B)无灰有机摩擦改进剂的润滑油组合物。
12.根据权利要求11的操作摩托车的方法,其中润滑油组合物包含不多于500ppm的来自油溶性钼化合物(A)的钼。
13.根据权利要求11或12的操作摩托车的方法,其中油溶性钼化合物由二硫代氨基甲酸钼或者二硫代磷酸钼或其混合物组成,作为润滑油组合物中的唯一钼原子来源。
14.根据权利要求11-13中任一项的操作摩托车的方法,其中润滑油组合物,其中无灰有机摩擦改进剂(B)包含以下中的至少一种:(a)包含通过羧酸和酸酐与烷醇反应而形成的酯的无氮有机摩擦改进剂,(b)包含烷氧基化单胺和二胺的胺类或基于胺的摩擦改进剂,(c)作为(i)式R1R2R3N的叔胺与(ii)具有10-30个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的反应产物形成的酯,其中R1、R2和R3表示具有1-6个碳原子的脂族烃基,优选烷基,其中R1、R2和R3中的至少一个具有羟基,或它们的混合物。
15.根据权利要求11-14中任一项的操作摩托车的方法,其中润滑油组合物中无灰有机摩擦改进剂(B)的总量基于润滑油组合物的总质量不超过5质量%,优选不超过2质量%,更优选不超过0.5质量%。
16.根据权利要求11-15中任一项的操作摩托车的方法,其中润滑油组合物进一步包含无灰分散剂添加剂,所述无灰分散剂添加剂优选通过热方法制备。
17.根据权利要求11-16中任一项的操作摩托车的方法,其中润滑油组合物进一步包含:含金属清净剂,所述含金属清净剂可以为碱或碱土金属磺酸盐、酚盐或水杨酸盐。
18.根据权利要求17的操作摩托车的方法,其中碱或碱土金属水杨酸盐为润滑油组合物中的唯一含金属清净剂。
19.根据权利要求11-18中任一项的操作摩托车的方法,其中润滑油组合物进一步包含粘度改进剂,所述粘度改进剂包含主要量的星型聚合物粘度改进剂。
20.润滑油组合物,其包含主要量的润滑粘度的油以及次要量的(A)油溶性钼化合物和(B)无灰有机摩擦改进剂,所述润滑油组合物显示出根据JASO T 903:2016离合器摩擦试验测量的至少MA1的JASO离合器摩擦。
21.根据权利要求20的润滑油组合物,其中润滑油组合物包含不多于500ppm的来自油溶性钼化合物(A)的钼。
22.根据权利要求20或21的润滑油组合物,其中油溶性钼化合物由二硫代氨基甲酸钼或者二硫代磷酸钼或其混合物组成,作为润滑油组合物中的唯一钼原子来源。
23.根据权利要求20-22中任一项的润滑油组合物,其中润滑油组合物,其中无灰有机摩擦改进剂(B)包含以下中的至少一种:(a)包含通过羧酸和酸酐与烷醇反应而形成的酯的无氮有机摩擦改进剂,(b)包含烷氧基化单胺和二胺的胺类或基于胺的摩擦改进剂,(c)作为(i)式R1R2R3N的叔胺与(ii)具有10-30个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的反应产物形成的酯,其中R1、R2和R3表示具有1-6个碳原子的脂族烃基,优选烷基,其中R1、R2和R3中的至少一个具有羟基,或其混合物。
24.根据权利要求20-23中任一项的润滑油组合物,其中润滑油组合物中无灰有机摩擦改进剂(B)的总量基于润滑油组合物的总质量不超过5质量%,优选不超过2质量%,更优选不超过0.5质量%。
25.根据权利要求20-24中任一项的润滑油组合物,其中润滑油组合物进一步包含无灰分散剂添加剂,所述无灰分散剂优选通过热方法制备。
26.根据权利要求20-25中任一项的润滑油组合物,其中润滑油组合物进一步包含:含金属清净剂,所述含金属清净剂可以为碱或碱土金属磺酸盐、酚盐或水杨酸盐。
27.根据权利要求26的润滑油组合物,其中包含一种或多种碱或碱土金属水杨酸盐的含金属清净剂为润滑油组合物中的唯一含金属清净剂。
28.根据权利要求20-27中任一项的润滑油组合物,其中润滑油组合物进一步包含粘度改进剂,所述粘度改进剂包含主要量的星型聚合物粘度改进剂。
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CN114375321A (zh) * | 2019-09-12 | 2022-04-19 | 总和营销服务 | 润滑剂组合物的脱气 |
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CA3012205A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
SG10201806266PA (en) | 2019-02-27 |
JP2019038995A (ja) | 2019-03-14 |
EP3434755A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
US20190024007A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
EP3434755B1 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
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