CN109288929A - 复方感冒灵颗粒的制备方法 - Google Patents
复方感冒灵颗粒的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复方感冒灵颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:a.前处理:五指柑、三叉苦、岗梅切成2‑15cm左右的段,南板蓝根切成3‑30cm左右的段,山银花和野菊花装袋;b.提取:将各药材按照顺序依次投入煮提罐内:先投岗梅和五指柑,再投山银花和野菊花,最后投三叉苦和南板蓝根;c.精制:将清膏冷却至温度为30~50℃时,加入乙醇,使含乙醇量达60~65%,搅匀,静置12~24小时,滤过,将滤液浓缩成相对密度为1.17~1.26、温度为70~80℃的稠膏;d.制剂:采用湿法制粒或一步制粒或高速挤出制粒或滚圆法制粒或喷雾制粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复方感冒灵颗粒的制备方法。
背景技术
复方感冒灵颗粒应用非常普遍,主要用于辛凉解表,清热解毒,风热感冒及温病之发热,微恶风寒,头身痛,口干而渴,鼻塞涕浊,咽喉红肿疼痛,咳嗽,痰黄粘稠等病症,尤其对治疗感冒、头疼、发热等身体状况有奇效。而且采用中药为原料,不会增加肠胃负担,尤其不会对肝有损害。相对于容易致人体产生抗药性、使得病人对药物产生依赖性、对机体功能有不同程度的损害的西药,其具有显著的优势。
众所周知,复方感冒灵颗粒的配伍重量比是,山银花:五指柑:野菊花:三叉苦:南板蓝根:岗梅:对乙酰氨基酚:马来酸氯苯那敏:咖啡因为104g:415g:310g:520g:310g:835g:16.8g:0.268g:1.2g,蔗糖适量。
复方感冒灵颗粒主要采用山银花、五指柑、野菊花、三叉苦、南板蓝根、岗梅、对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏以及咖啡因制得,有关技术中,复方感冒灵颗粒的制备方法是:除对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏、咖啡因外,其余山银花等六味加水煎煮二次,第一次2小时,第二次1.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩至适量,加乙醇使含乙醇量达60~65%,搅匀,静置,滤过,滤液浓缩成稠膏,加入对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏、咖啡因水溶液与蔗糖粉等辅料,制成颗粒,干燥,分装。
以上制备方法存在如下问题:①产品颗粒内的各中药成分不均匀,主要表现在批内和批间的颗粒色差大、马来酸氯苯那敏均匀度低;②中药材有效成分提取转移率低,主要表现在蒙花苷、绿原酸;③流膏在贮存过程中常结冻,导致制粒困难,颗粒色差大;④产品溶化性不合格,常出现不溶物;⑤产品收得率低,仅仅在70%左右。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种感冒灵颗粒中各中药成分均匀、中药材有效成分提取转移率高、中药材有效成分收得率高的复方感冒灵颗粒的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,复方感冒灵颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
a. 前处理:五指柑、三叉苦、岗梅切成2-15cm左右的段,南板蓝根切成3-30cm左右的段,山银花和野菊花装袋;
b. 提取:将各药材按照顺序依次投入煮提罐内:先投岗梅和五指柑,再投山银花和野菊花,最后投三叉苦和南板蓝根;
加水提取二次:第一次加入药材总重量4-5倍的水,温度控制在90~100℃,加热过程中蒸汽压力控制在0.12~0.20MPa,保沸过程中蒸汽压力控制在0.04~0.12 MP,提取1.5-2小时后,将药液放出备用;
第二次加入药材总重量3.5-4.2倍的水,提取温度为95~100℃,加热过程中蒸汽压力为0.12~0.20MPa,保沸过程中蒸汽压力为0.04~0.12 MPa,提取1-1.5小时后将药液放出;
将两次提取的药液的合并煎液、滤过;滤液抽入浓缩罐内,温度为65~90℃,真空度为-0.02~-0.07MPa范围内,浓缩至相对密度为1.12~1.15、温度为70~80℃的清膏;
c. 精制:将清膏冷却至温度为30~50℃时,加入乙醇,使含乙醇量达60~65%,搅匀,静置12~24小时,滤过,将滤液浓缩成相对密度为1.17~1.26、温度为70~80℃的稠膏;
d. 制剂:采用湿法制粒或一步制粒或高速挤出制粒或滚圆法制粒或喷雾制粒。
五指柑、三叉苦、岗梅切成4-6cm左右的段,南板蓝根切成10-12cm左右的段,山银花和野菊花装袋。
五指柑、三叉苦、岗梅、南板蓝根为根茎类药材,质地坚硬,表皮厚硬,木质化程度非常高,煎煮时有效成分不易溶出,故切制成段,破坏表皮,使增加药材与提取溶剂的接触面积,有利于提取溶剂从横截面较疏松的部分进入药材内部,增加药材中有效成分的检出。山银花和野菊花为花类药材,在水中有效成分容易煎出,但在煎煮过程中容易糜烂,大量糖类、淀粉、蛋白质类非药效成分析出,影响药液澄清度,并药渣糜烂后堵塞过滤筛网,有效避免以上现象。
将各药材按照顺序依次投入煮提罐内:先投岗梅和五指柑,再投山银花和野菊花,最后投三叉苦和南板蓝根;
加水提取二次:第一次加入药材总重量4-5倍的水,温度控制在90~100℃,加热过程中蒸汽压力控制在0.12~0.20MPa,保沸过程中蒸汽压力控制在0.04~0.12 MP,提取1.5-2小时后,将药液放出备用;
第二次加入药材总重量3.5-4.2倍的水,提取温度为95~100℃,加热过程中蒸汽压力为0.12~0.20MPa,保沸过程中蒸汽压力为0.04~0.12 MPa,提取1-1.5小时后将药液放出;
将两次提取的药液的合并煎液、滤过;滤液抽入浓缩罐内,温度为65~90℃,真空度为-0.02~-0.07MPa范围内,浓缩至相对密度为1.12~1.15、温度为70~80℃的清膏。
五指柑、岗梅、根茎类药材,质地坚硬,不会糜烂,先投垫底,不会堵塞筛网,还会对花类药材起过滤作用,花类药材不会直达底部筛网,最后投三叉苦和南板蓝根压住质地轻泡的山银花和野菊花,防止花类药材漂浮于提取液面上而得不到有效煎煮。加5倍水能完全浸没药材,使药材煎煮完全,同时避免多加水浪费提取及浓缩能耗。滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.12~1.15,温度为70~80℃的清膏有利于后续醇沉,即能保证醇沉效果又能不浪费乙醇。
清膏温度在30~50℃时加入乙醇,使含乙醇量达60~65%,搅匀,静置12~24小时,上清液滤过,滤液抽入浓缩罐内,温度控制在65~90℃范围内,真空度应控制在-0.02~-0.07MPa范围内,浓缩成相对密度1.17~1.26,温度为70~80℃的稠膏。
清膏温度在30~50℃,其溶液内分子布朗运动较温和,而且与常温储存下的乙醇温度接近,有利于醇沉时与乙醇充分接触,加乙醇使含乙醇量达60~65%,利用大分子物质及泥沙不溶于高浓度乙醇的特性达到除去混入药液中的泥沙及大量糖类、淀粉、蛋白质类非药效成分的目的。滤液浓缩成相对密度1.17~1.26,温度为70~80℃,稠膏粘度及水分有利于后续制粒。
4、制剂:湿法制粒、一步制粒、高速挤出制粒、滚圆法制粒。采用多种方式制粒,颗粒外观可以多样化,区别于市场上其他产品。湿法制粒工艺简单,生产批量大,有利于大生产;一步制粒的颗粒紧实;高速挤出制粒的颗粒工艺自动化程度高,产品色泽均与度高;滚圆法制粒制出的颗粒成微丸状,粒度均一,外观圆润美观,流动性好,堆密度高,能拿有限节约包装材料,产品在有效期内质量稳定性能最佳,消费者感知良好,有利于市场销售。
湿法制粒工艺:
单位配料量:流膏∶蔗糖粉∶对乙酰氨基酚:马来酸氯苯那敏:咖啡因=约11.7kg∶约100.0kg∶1260.0g∶20.1g∶90.0g (流膏、蔗糖以收率计算)
制粒:
制软材:开启CH系列槽型混合机电源开关,按单位投料量依次向搅拌槽内投入头尾粉、对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏、咖啡因,盖上混合机上盖搅拌,再边搅拌边加入蔗糖粉,加完后继续搅拌4分钟,然后边搅拌边加流膏,加完后最少搅拌40秒,至颜色均匀,搅拌速度约为24r/min;然后将软材装入转运车内,将转运车推入升降机内;将转运车提升至制粒平台。
连续生产的头尾粉处理:分筛机产生的粗头及细粉分别用洁净容器接取,使用电子秤称量后,加入槽型混合机制软材,每料加入量≤50Kg,并记录。
制湿颗粒:将裁剪、消毒后的14目筛网安装在摇摆式颗粒机上,把软材加入摇摆式颗粒机料斗内开始制粒,所制的颗粒通过输送轨道进入箱式沸腾干燥器进行干燥。
干燥:开电控柜组的总开关,开启风机,设置进风温度110℃,待箱式沸腾干燥器内温度升至80℃以上时,开始进料;待温度回升至60℃以上时,即可出料。
分筛:使用方形筛进行分筛,筛网目数为40目、10目;分筛后合格颗粒装洁净桶,称量附物料标识,送总混室。
一步制粒工艺:
配料:单位配料重量比:流膏∶蔗糖粉∶对乙酰氨基酚:马来酸氯苯那敏:咖啡因=约11.7kg∶约100.0kg∶1260.0g∶20.1g∶90.0g (流膏、蔗糖以收率计算)
一步制粒:使用一步制粒机。
预热:安装滤袋,开启一步制粒机气动开关,开启蒸汽阀门、风机开关,对一步制粒机预热约20分钟,待加热温度达到55℃时,准备制粒。
流膏稀释过滤:根据流膏收率确定加纯化水的重量来稀释流膏至50KG以便于制粒,加水后过300目滤布后放入洁净桶内待用。
制粒:打开进料口,将单位投料量的蔗糖粉、淀粉抽入料斗,设置进风温度90℃,当物料温度回升至55℃时,喷雾频率设置为7-10Hz,风机频率设置为40-50Hz,开启输液泵,喷入流膏开始制粒。
干燥:流膏喷完后,关闭输液泵,进风温度在90℃以下干燥45分钟,再关闭蒸汽阀门,使物料温度降至40℃以下。
出料:关闭风机,抖袋,再打开气动开关,将沸腾室与料斗分离,旋转料斗把手,将斗内物料适当倾斜,使用不锈钢瓢将物料装入洁净桶内,然后准备分筛。
分筛:使用方形筛进行分筛,筛网目数为40目、10目;分筛后合格颗粒装洁净桶,称量附物料标识,送总混室。
高速挤出制粒工艺:
单位配料量:流膏∶蔗糖粉∶对乙酰氨基酚:马来酸氯苯那敏:咖啡因=约11.7kg∶约100.0kg∶1260.0g∶20.1g∶90.0g (流膏、蔗糖以收率计算)
制粒:
制软材:开启高速挤出制粒机电源开关,按单位投料量依次向搅拌槽内投入头尾粉、对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏、咖啡因,盖上混合机上盖搅拌,再边搅拌边加入蔗糖粉,加完后继续搅拌10-30秒,然后边搅拌边加流膏,加完后搅拌10秒,至颜色均匀,搅拌速度约为100-200r/min;开启制粒,通过搅拌桨的剪切力将软材打碎制粒,湿颗粒装入转运车内,将转运车推入升降机内;将转运车提升至制粒平台。
连续生产的头尾粉处理:分筛机产生的粗头及细粉分别用洁净容器接取,使用电子秤称量后,加入槽型混合机制软材,每料加入量≤50Kg,并记录。
干燥:开电控柜组的总开关,开启风机,设置进风温度110℃,待箱式沸腾干燥器内温度升至80℃以上时,开始进料;待温度回升至60℃以上时,即可出料。
分筛:使用方形筛进行分筛,筛网目数为40目、10目;分筛后合格颗粒装洁净桶,称量附物料标识,送总混室。
滚圆法制粒工艺:
单位配料量:流膏∶蔗糖粉∶对乙酰氨基酚:马来酸氯苯那敏:咖啡因=4.6kg:39.4kg::504.02g:36.01g:8.02g
混合:将化学药与蔗糖粉放入高速搅拌机内搅拌1-3分钟,转速200转/分。
起母:将混合好的蔗糖粉与化学药8000g放置于LBLX-1000型离心造粒机的锅内,启动转盘,开始喷液,通过锅内喷枪采取顶喷形式喷入物料上,制成小颗粒母核,起母时设备参数如下表
设备参数 | 参数范围 |
转盘转速 | 90rpm |
喷液频率 | 80ml/min |
雾化压力 | 0.15Mpa |
制备时间 | 3分钟 |
风量 | 40% |
喷液量 | 0.87kg |
风温 | 26.2℃ |
母核制好后,直接添加蔗糖与化学药混合物,调整喷液量及风力大小,使母核慢慢增大成粒,形成圆形颗粒。物料分多次加入根据经验手工添加,根据锅内物料干湿度、粘连情况,调整参数保持锅内物料不粘壁。造粒过程工艺参数见下表
风量 | 转速 | 雾化压力 | 喷液速率 |
30-80% | 100-150rpm | 0.1-0.15MPa | 16-40ml/min |
干燥:把制好的湿颗粒移出锅外,将湿颗粒倒沸腾干燥床中干燥制粒机中进行干燥,,设定好进风温度为50℃,开始干燥,干燥完毕,开启风机,设置进风温度110℃,待箱式沸腾干燥器内温度升至80℃以上时,开始进料;待温度回升至60℃以上时,即可出料。
分筛:使用方形筛进行分筛,筛网目数为40目、10目;分筛后合格颗粒装洁净桶,称量附物料标识,送总混室。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作详细描述:
本发明的复方感冒灵颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
a. 前处理:五指柑、三叉苦、岗梅切成2-15cm左右的段,南板蓝根切成3-30cm左右的段,山银花和野菊花装袋;
b. 提取:将各药材按照顺序依次投入煮提罐内:先投岗梅和五指柑,再投山银花和野菊花,最后投三叉苦和南板蓝根;
加水提取二次:第一次加入药材总重量4-5倍的水,温度控制在90~100℃,加热过程中蒸汽压力控制在0.12~0.20MPa,保沸过程中蒸汽压力控制在0.04~0.12 MP,提取1.5-2小时后,将药液放出备用;
第二次加入药材总重量3.5-4.2倍的水,提取温度为95~100℃,加热过程中蒸汽压力为0.12~0.20MPa,保沸过程中蒸汽压力为0.04~0.12 MPa,提取1-1.5小时后将药液放出;
将两次提取的药液的合并煎液、滤过;滤液抽入浓缩罐内,温度为65~90℃,真空度为-0.02~-0.07MPa范围内,浓缩至相对密度为1.12~1.15、温度为70~80℃的清膏;
c. 精制:将清膏冷却至温度为30~50℃时,加入乙醇,使含乙醇量达60~65%,搅匀,静置12~24小时,滤过,将滤液浓缩成相对密度为1.17~1.26、温度为70~80℃的稠膏;
d. 制剂:采用湿法制粒或一步制粒或高速挤出制粒或滚圆法制粒或喷雾制粒。
Claims (1)
1.一种复方感冒灵颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
a. 前处理:五指柑、三叉苦、岗梅切成2-15cm左右的段,南板蓝根切成3-30cm左右的段,山银花和野菊花装袋;
b. 提取:将各药材按照顺序依次投入煮提罐内:先投岗梅和五指柑,再投山银花和野菊花,最后投三叉苦和南板蓝根;
加水提取二次:第一次加入药材总重量4-5倍的水,温度控制在90~100℃,加热过程中蒸汽压力控制在0.12~0.20MPa,保沸过程中蒸汽压力控制在0.04~0.12 MP,提取1.5-2小时后,将药液放出备用;
第二次加入药材总重量3.5-4.2倍的水,提取温度为95~100℃,加热过程中蒸汽压力为0.12~0.20MPa,保沸过程中蒸汽压力为0.04~0.12 MPa,提取1-1.5小时后将药液放出;
将两次提取的药液的合并煎液、滤过;滤液抽入浓缩罐内,温度为65~90℃,真空度为-0.02~-0.07MPa范围内,浓缩至相对密度为1.12~1.15、温度为70~80℃的清膏;
c. 精制:将清膏冷却至温度为30~50℃时,加入乙醇,使含乙醇量达60~65%,搅匀,静置12~24小时,滤过,将滤液浓缩成相对密度为1.17~1.26、温度为70~80℃的稠膏;
d. 制剂:采用湿法制粒或一步制粒或高速挤出制粒或滚圆法制粒或喷雾制粒。
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