CN109262944B - 一种高韧性塑料直尺的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高韧性塑料直尺的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109262944B
CN109262944B CN201811049446.8A CN201811049446A CN109262944B CN 109262944 B CN109262944 B CN 109262944B CN 201811049446 A CN201811049446 A CN 201811049446A CN 109262944 B CN109262944 B CN 109262944B
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CN109262944A (zh
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林辉秀
刘贵珍
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Binzhou Kechuang Incubator Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/10Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by grinding, e.g. by triturating; by sieving; by filtering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0053Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
    • B29C2045/0077Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping removing burrs or flashes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2025/00Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2025/04Polymers of styrene
    • B29K2025/06PS, i.e. polystyrene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2511/00Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2401/00 - B29K2509/00, as filler
    • B29K2511/14Wood, e.g. woodboard or fibreboard
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/752Measuring equipment

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高韧性塑料直尺的制备方法,属于学习用品制备领域。本发明首先将竹子片成竹篾,再将竹篾用沼气液浸泡,利用沼气液中微生物产生的酶活化竹纤维,再经阳光暴晒老化,使纤维间结合力进一步下降,再用NaOH溶液在高温下与竹篾混合,促进微纤维丝层滑动和溶胀,再利用液氮处理,使纤维细胞中形成冰晶,再经石磨研磨,使细胞壁中的冰晶受到压力作用而破裂,使纤维分离成微纳米级纤维晶须,与在电场条件下聚合得到的异形聚乙烯粉末按比例混合,经注塑成型,打磨后印刷刻度得到高韧性塑料直尺。本发明所得直尺得益于竹纤维的高韧性,耐冲击强度高,不易折断,使用寿命较传统塑料直尺大大提高,可大规模推广使用。

Description

一种高韧性塑料直尺的制备方法
技术领域
本发明公开了一种高韧性塑料直尺的制备方法,属于学习用品制备领域。
背景技术
直尺,用来测量长度,广泛应用于数学、测量、工程等学科。直尺是具有精确直线棱边的尺形量规,直尺也有人称之为间尺,是一种非常常用的计量长度仪器,这种文具即为普遍。目前,使用较多的直尺按照材质分主要有:1.不锈钢等合金直尺,这种直尺使用寿命长,但是弯曲形变后很难复原,且生产成本相比于其他材质而言相对较高,磨损后精确度下降,且不可修复;2.木质直尺,木质直尺质轻,携带方便,但是受用寿命有限,遇水后容易开裂,且柔韧性差,易折断;3.塑料直尺,塑料的弹性模量介于橡胶和纤维之间,受力能发生一定程度的形变,常用塑料直尺有硬塑料和软塑料之分,软塑料的弹性模量接近橡胶,硬塑料接近纤维,软塑料硬度低,受力易发生形变,使用范围有限,而硬塑料具有一定的硬度,且制备过程简单,材料廉价易得,可塑性强,目前作为学习用品中的直尺材质得到广泛使用,但塑料易老化发黄,若使用频率过高,其刻度等易磨损,韧性较差,容易折断,边角也容易受应力而缺角,影响使用,且废弃后易对环境造成二次污染。
发明内容
针对传统塑料直尺在制备和使用过程中出现的,韧性差,性脆,耐冲击强度低,易出现应力断裂,使用寿命较短的问题,提供了一种高韧性塑料直尺的制备方法,本发明首先将竹子片成竹篾,再将竹篾用沼气液浸泡,利用沼气液中微生物产生的酶活化竹纤维,再经阳光暴晒老化,使纤维间结合力进一步下降,再用NaOH溶液在高温下与竹篾混合,促进微纤维丝层滑动和溶胀,再利用液氮处理,使纤维细胞中形成冰晶,再经石磨研磨,使细胞壁中的冰晶受到压力作用而破裂,使纤维分离成微纳米级纤维晶须,与在电场条件下聚合得到的异形聚乙烯粉末按比例混合,经注塑成型,打磨后印刷刻度得到高韧性塑料直尺。本发明所得直尺得益于竹纤维的高韧性,耐冲击强度高,不易折断,使用寿命较传统塑料直尺大大提高,可大规模推广使用。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
(1)取4~6根直径为3~5cm,长度为1.2~1.5m的竹子,经人工片成竹篾,收集竹篾,用沼气液浸泡24~36h后,取出竹篾,用去离子水洗涤3~5次,随后将竹篾均匀平铺于阳光下,暴晒7~10天;
(2)待暴晒结束,将竹篾用铡刀切成长为3~5cm短竹篾,随后将其倒入盛有1~2L质量浓度为6~8%氢氧化钠溶液的烧杯中,随后将烧杯转入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中,于温度为160~180℃,转速为600~800r/min条件下,恒温搅拌反应30~45min,过滤,除去滤液,用去离子水洗涤滤渣直至洗涤水成中性为止;
(3)将上述所得滤渣用液氮冷却40~60s,随后迅速平铺于石磨磨盘表面,研磨10~15min,研磨后过400~600目筛,得微纳米竹粉,备用;
(4)在盛有300~400mL去离子水的石英反应釜中,加入4~6g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,启动反应釜搅拌器,以300~500r/min转速搅拌混合10~20min后,开启反应釜加热器,加热升温至70~80℃,随后在反应釜乳液中插入铜电极,再将铜电极与耐压测试仪连通,设定直流电压为220~380V,在恒温恒电压搅拌状态下,依次加入0.4~0.6g过硫酸钾,80~100mL苯乙烯,反应4~6h,将所得物料转入烘箱中,于80~90℃条件下干燥6~8h,再用研钵研磨成粉,得异形聚苯乙烯粉末;
(5)按重量份数计,依次称取35~40份步骤(3)备用微纳米竹粉,60~80份上述所得异形聚苯乙烯粉末,加入混料机中,以600~800r/min转速搅拌混合30~45min,将所得混合物料加入螺杆式注塑机中,加热使混合物料熔融,再通过螺杆将熔融物料注入直尺模具型腔,经定型冷却后,人工打磨去除毛边,再将打磨后的直尺坯经丝网印刷刻度,即得高韧性塑料直尺。
本发明的物理性质:本发明所得高韧性塑料直尺的密度为1.05~1.08g/cm3,拉伸强度为49.6~50.6MPa,弯曲强度为96.2~97.6MPa,断裂伸长率为1.6~2.0%,维卡软化点为230~240°F,使用寿命较传统塑料直尺可提高12~24个月。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明所得高韧性塑料直尺韧性高,不易折断,的使用寿命较传统塑料直尺大大提高,可减少废弃后对环境产生的白色污染问题;
(2)本发明采用改性竹纤维为增韧纤维,原料廉价易得,可塑性强,制备工艺简单,所得塑料直尺可作为学习用品中广泛使用。
具体实施方式
取4~6根直径为3~5cm,长度为1.2~1.5m的竹子,经人工片成竹篾,收集竹篾,用沼气液浸泡24~36h后,取出竹篾,用去离子水洗涤3~5次,随后将竹篾均匀平铺于阳光下,暴晒7~10天;待暴晒结束,将竹篾用铡刀切成长为3~5cm短竹篾,随后将其倒入盛有1~2L质量浓度为6~8%氢氧化钠溶液的烧杯中,随后将烧杯转入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中,于温度为160~180℃,转速为600~800r/min条件下,恒温搅拌反应30~45min,过滤,除去滤液,用去离子水洗涤滤渣直至洗涤水成中性为止;将上述所得滤渣用液氮冷却40~60s,随后迅速平铺于石磨磨盘表面,研磨10~15min,研磨后过400~600目筛,得微纳米竹粉,备用;在盛有300~400mL去离子水的石英反应釜中,加入4~6g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,启动反应釜搅拌器,以300~500r/min转速搅拌混合10~20min后,开启反应釜加热器,加热升温至70~80℃,随后在反应釜乳液中插入铜电极,再将铜电极与耐压测试仪连通,设定直流电压为220~380V,在恒温恒电压搅拌状态下,依次加入0.4~0.6g过硫酸钾,80~100mL苯乙烯,反应4~6h,将所得物料转入烘箱中,于80~90℃条件下干燥6~8h,再用研钵研磨成粉,得异形聚苯乙烯粉末;按重量份数计,依次称取35~40份备用微纳米竹粉,60~80份上述所得异形聚苯乙烯粉末,加入混料机中,以600~800r/min转速搅拌混合30~45min,将所得混合物料加入螺杆式注塑机中,加热使混合物料熔融,再通过螺杆将熔融物料注入直尺模具型腔,经定型冷却后,人工打磨去除毛边,再将打磨后的直尺坯经丝网印刷刻度,即得高韧性塑料直尺。
实例1
取4根直径为3cm,长度为1.2m的竹子,经人工片成竹篾,收集竹篾,用沼气液浸泡24h后,取出竹篾,用去离子水洗涤3次,随后将竹篾均匀平铺于阳光下,暴晒7天;待暴晒结束,将竹篾用铡刀切成长为3cm短竹篾,随后将其倒入盛有1L质量浓度为6%氢氧化钠溶液的烧杯中,随后将烧杯转入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中,于温度为160℃,转速为600r/min条件下,恒温搅拌反应30min,过滤,除去滤液,用去离子水洗涤滤渣直至洗涤水成中性为止;将上述所得滤渣用液氮冷却40s,随后迅速平铺于石磨磨盘表面,研磨10min,研磨后过400目筛,得微纳米竹粉,备用;在盛有300mL去离子水的石英反应釜中,加入4g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,启动反应釜搅拌器,以300r/min转速搅拌混合10min后,开启反应釜加热器,加热升温至70℃,随后在反应釜乳液中插入铜电极,再将铜电极与耐压测试仪连通,设定直流电压为220V,在恒温恒电压搅拌状态下,依次加入0.4g过硫酸钾,80mL苯乙烯,反应4h,将所得物料转入烘箱中,于80℃条件下干燥6h,再用研钵研磨成粉,得异形聚苯乙烯粉末;按重量份数计,依次称取35份备用微纳米竹粉,60份上述所得异形聚苯乙烯粉末,加入混料机中,以600r/min转速搅拌混合30min,将所得混合物料加入螺杆式注塑机中,加热使混合物料熔融,再通过螺杆将熔融物料注入直尺模具型腔,经定型冷却后,人工打磨去除毛边,再将打磨后的直尺坯经丝网印刷刻度,即得高韧性塑料直尺。
本发明所得高韧性塑料直尺的密度为1.05g/cm3,拉伸强度为49.6MPa,弯曲强度为96.2MPa,断裂伸长率为1.6%,维卡软化点为230°F,使用寿命较传统塑料直尺可提高12个月。
实例2
取5根直径为4cm,长度为1.4m的竹子,经人工片成竹篾,收集竹篾,用沼气液浸泡30h后,取出竹篾,用去离子水洗涤4次,随后将竹篾均匀平铺于阳光下,暴晒8天;待暴晒结束,将竹篾用铡刀切成长为4cm短竹篾,随后将其倒入盛有1.5L质量浓度为7%氢氧化钠溶液的烧杯中,随后将烧杯转入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中,于温度为170℃,转速为700r/min条件下,恒温搅拌反应38min,过滤,除去滤液,用去离子水洗涤滤渣直至洗涤水成中性为止;将上述所得滤渣用液氮冷却50s,随后迅速平铺于石磨磨盘表面,研磨12min,研磨后过500目筛,得微纳米竹粉,备用;在盛有350mL去离子水的石英反应釜中,加入5g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,启动反应釜搅拌器,以400r/min转速搅拌混合15min后,开启反应釜加热器,加热升温至75℃,随后在反应釜乳液中插入铜电极,再将铜电极与耐压测试仪连通,设定直流电压为300V,在恒温恒电压搅拌状态下,依次加入0.5g过硫酸钾,90mL苯乙烯,反应5h,将所得物料转入烘箱中,于85℃条件下干燥7h,再用研钵研磨成粉,得异形聚苯乙烯粉末;按重量份数计,依次称取38份备用微纳米竹粉,70份上述所得异形聚苯乙烯粉末,加入混料机中,以700r/min转速搅拌混合40min,将所得混合物料加入螺杆式注塑机中,加热使混合物料熔融,再通过螺杆将熔融物料注入直尺模具型腔,经定型冷却后,人工打磨去除毛边,再将打磨后的直尺坯经丝网印刷刻度,即得高韧性塑料直尺。
本发明所得高韧性塑料直尺的密度为1.06g/cm3,拉伸强度为50MPa,弯曲强度为97MPa,断裂伸长率为1.8%,维卡软化点为235°F,使用寿命较传统塑料直尺可提高18个月。
实例3
取6根直径为5cm,长度为1.5m的竹子,经人工片成竹篾,收集竹篾,用沼气液浸泡36h后,取出竹篾,用去离子水洗涤5次,随后将竹篾均匀平铺于阳光下,暴晒10天;待暴晒结束,将竹篾用铡刀切成长为5cm短竹篾,随后将其倒入盛有2L质量浓度为8%氢氧化钠溶液的烧杯中,随后将烧杯转入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中,于温度为180℃,转速为800r/min条件下,恒温搅拌反应45min,过滤,除去滤液,用去离子水洗涤滤渣直至洗涤水成中性为止;将上述所得滤渣用液氮冷却60s,随后迅速平铺于石磨磨盘表面,研磨15min,研磨后过600目筛,得微纳米竹粉,备用;在盛有400mL去离子水的石英反应釜中,加入6g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,启动反应釜搅拌器,以500r/min转速搅拌混合20min后,开启反应釜加热器,加热升温至80℃,随后在反应釜乳液中插入铜电极,再将铜电极与耐压测试仪连通,设定直流电压为380V,在恒温恒电压搅拌状态下,依次加入0.6g过硫酸钾,100mL苯乙烯,反应6h,将所得物料转入烘箱中,于90℃条件下干燥8h,再用研钵研磨成粉,得异形聚苯乙烯粉末;按重量份数计,依次称取40份备用微纳米竹粉,80份上述所得异形聚苯乙烯粉末,加入混料机中,以800r/min转速搅拌混合45min,将所得混合物料加入螺杆式注塑机中,加热使混合物料熔融,再通过螺杆将熔融物料注入直尺模具型腔,经定型冷却后,人工打磨去除毛边,再将打磨后的直尺坯经丝网印刷刻度,即得高韧性塑料直尺。
本发明所得高韧性塑料直尺的密度为1.08g/cm3,拉伸强度为50.6MPa,弯曲强度为97.6MPa,断裂伸长率2.0%,维卡软化点为240°F,使用寿命较传统塑料直尺可提高24个月。

Claims (1)

1.一种高韧性塑料直尺的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)取5根直径为4cm,长度为1.4m的竹子,经人工片成竹篾,收集竹篾,用沼气液浸泡30h后,取出竹篾,用去离子水洗涤4次,随后将竹篾均匀平铺于阳光下,暴晒8天;
(2)待暴晒结束,将竹篾用铡刀切成长为4cm短竹篾,随后将其倒入盛有1.5L质量浓度为7%氢氧化钠溶液的烧杯中,随后将烧杯转入数显测速恒温磁力搅拌器中,于温度为170℃,转速为700r/min条件下,恒温搅拌反应38min,过滤,除去滤液,用去离子水洗涤滤渣直至洗涤水成中性为止;
(3)将上述所得滤渣用液氮冷却50s,随后迅速平铺于石磨磨盘表面,研磨12min,研磨后过500目筛,得微纳米竹粉,备用;
(4)在盛有350mL去离子水的石英反应釜中,加入5g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,启动反应釜搅拌器,以400r/min转速搅拌混合15min后,开启反应釜加热器,加热升温至75℃,随后在反应釜乳液中插入铜电极,再将铜电极与耐压测试仪连通,设定直流电压为300V,在恒温恒电压搅拌状态下,依次加入0.5g过硫酸钾,90mL苯乙烯,反应5h,将所得物料转入烘箱中,于85℃条件下干燥7h,再用研钵研磨成粉,得异形聚苯乙烯粉末;
(5)按重量份数计,依次称取38份步骤(3)备用微纳米竹粉,70份上述所得异形聚苯乙烯粉末,加入混料机中,以700r/min转速搅拌混合40min,将所得混合物料加入螺杆式注塑机中,加热使混合物料熔融制得熔融物料,再通过螺杆将所述熔融物料注入直尺模具型腔,经定型冷却后,人工打磨去除毛边,再将打磨后的直尺坯经丝网印刷刻度,即得高韧性塑料直尺。
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