CN109258522A - 一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109258522A CN109258522A CN201811169799.1A CN201811169799A CN109258522A CN 109258522 A CN109258522 A CN 109258522A CN 201811169799 A CN201811169799 A CN 201811169799A CN 109258522 A CN109258522 A CN 109258522A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- silver carp
- feed
- pond
- breed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 235000014364 Trapa natans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 235000003283 Pachira macrocarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000009165 saligot Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 241001083492 Trapa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000276701 Oreochromis mossambicus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000061520 Angelica archangelica Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000205585 Aquilegia canadensis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000001287 Guettarda speciosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013717 Houttuynia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000000691 Houttuynia cordata Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000205574 Acorus calamus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011996 Calamus deerratus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008881 Oenanthe javanica Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000000365 Oenanthe javanica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000405911 Rehmannia glutinosa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FCASKLHVRFDIJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Riboflavine Natural products Cc1cc2N=C3C(NC(=O)NC3=O)N(CC(O)C(O)C(O)CO)c2cc1C FCASKLHVRFDIJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013559 Schnittsellerie Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001362 calcium malate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OLOZVPHKXALCRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium malate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O OLOZVPHKXALCRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940016114 calcium malate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011038 calcium malates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009917 Crataegus X brevipes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013204 Crataegus X haemacarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009685 Crataegus X maligna Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009444 Crataegus X rubrocarnea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009486 Crataegus bullatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017181 Crataegus chrysocarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009682 Crataegus limnophila Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000171 Crataegus monogyna Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004423 Crataegus monogyna Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002313 Crataegus paludosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009840 Crataegus x incaedua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004237 Crocus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000596148 Crocus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000003146 Lobelia chinensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004980 Rheum officinale Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008081 Rheum officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VRLDVERQJMEPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dbdmh Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Br)C(=O)N(Br)C1=O VRLDVERQJMEPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000036531 allelopathy Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 240000001085 Trapa natans Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010003445 Ascites Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000252210 Cyprinidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000720946 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Species 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 208000007107 Stomach Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000260 Warts Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000010824 fish disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000005917 gastric ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013370 mutualism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010153 skin papilloma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WIGIZIANZCJQQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-3-methyl-N-[2-[4-[[[(4-methylcyclohexyl)amino]-oxomethyl]sulfamoyl]phenyl]ethyl]-5-oxo-2H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1C(CC)=C(C)CN1C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2CCC(C)CC2)C=C1 WIGIZIANZCJQQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607516 Aeromonas caviae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000017897 Carcinoma of esophagus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000252206 Cypriniformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000000461 Esophageal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000012671 Gastrointestinal haemorrhages Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010049304 Gingival blister Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021531 Impetigo Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000755266 Kathetostoma giganteum Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010024642 Listless Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001431 Psychomotor Agitation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010038743 Restlessness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000002495 Uterine Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004596 appetite loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008952 bacterial invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000001848 dysentery Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000035861 hematochezia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002949 hemolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014617 hemorrhoid Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021267 infertility disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021266 loss of appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000019017 loss of appetite Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004792 oxidative damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035922 thirst Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,包括以下步骤:S1、养殖塘选择、清塘消毒与施基肥;S2、种植菱种、放养泥鳅及管理;S3、水鲢苗消毒与预放养;S4、鱼苗放养及饲喂管理;S5、收获菱角与成鱼。本发明通过套种菱角,利用其化感作用来防治水鲢病害,减少了药剂投入;通过撒施富含多种有机质的基肥,从而增加了土壤和水体富营养程度,有利于水体中藻类及浮游生物的生长,增加了水鲢天然食物来源;通过在水鲢预放养阶段洒施鱼苗体质改良液,确保了鱼苗成活率,同时健壮鱼苗,为水鲢高产增收打下基础;通过搭配饲喂适合水鲢不同生长阶段的饲料,充分发挥饲料中活性物质的作用,加快水鲢生长成熟,提高了水鲢产量及品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖领域,尤其涉及一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法。
背景技术
水鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)又叫白鲢、跳鲢、鲢子、边鱼等,属鲤形目,鲤科,是著名的“四大家鱼”之一。水鲢属于一种大型淡水鱼,它的体形侧扁,头部较大,无须,眼睛小、口阔、通体银白色,广泛分布于我国各地区,为我国主要的淡水养殖鱼类。人工水库、池塘湖泊饲养的水鲢生长快、生长周期短、疾病少、产量高,平均体重在1-4kg,肉质鲜美,水鲢味甘,性平,无毒,营养丰富,具有较强经济饲养价值。鲢鱼属中上层鱼,春夏秋三季,绝大多数时间在水域的中上层游动觅食,冬季则潜至深水越冬。水鲢通常以草色的牛粪、鸡粪等粪便为食,同时喜好酸性食物,对食物的需求量呈现出明显的季节性特点。春秋除滤食浮游生物外,还大量地吃腐屑类饵料;夏季水位越低,其摄食量越大;冬季对食物的需求减少。罗非鱼,俗称非鲫、越南鱼、南洋鲫等,被誉为未来动物性蛋白质的主要来源之一,具有极高的饲养和经济价值。它有很强的适应能力,活跃于湖泊、河流、池塘的浅水中,在面积狭小的水域中也能生长繁殖,甚至在水稻田里能够生长,对溶氧较少的水也有极强的适应性。绝大部分罗非鱼是杂食性,常吃水中植物和碎物,栖息于水的中下层,随水温度变化或鱼体大小改变栖息水层。是一种优良的搭配套养鱼种。
水鲢的爆发性出血病属于一种爆发性流行病,另外还有腹水病、溶血性腹水病等主要鱼病,多年的养殖实践发现,上述病症主要由于经年累月在同一池塘1养殖后,清塘不彻底,水体质量变差,从而导致细胞菌、豚鼠气单胞菌等细菌滋生、泛滥迭代,侵染体质差或有伤口的水鲢。水鲢染病后食欲不振、精神不佳,容易导致成鱼死亡,最终造成减产减收。当前鱼病的防治方法主要依靠投放化学药剂消毒杀菌的方法,一方面增加了用药成本,另一方面容易造成药物残留,进而影响成鱼商品价值。因此,合理搭配栽植鱼塘水体环境中的水生植物,通过水生植物的化感作用,同饲养鱼群构建互利共生的水生生态系统,成为水鲢环保养殖的重点要求。
菱(Trapa bispinosa Roxb)是菱科、菱属一年生浮水水生草本植物,中国各地湖湾、池塘、河湾等水域有栽培,生长发育时喜温暖湿润、阳光充足、不耐霜冻。菱全身都是宝,菱实及菱的根、茎、叶具有各种营养成分和显著的药效,因此它是生产滋补健身饮料的适宜原料。具体来说,菱的果实即菱角,具有甘、凉的特性,生食时可清热解暑,除烦止渴;熟食菱角则能益气、健脾。菱的茎具有甘、涩、平的特性,中医上用于治疗胃溃疡,多发性疣赘等病症。菱的叶可用于治疗小儿马牙疳,小儿头疮等。菱的菱角壳具有收敛止泻,解毒消肿的功效,可用于治疗泄泻,痢疾,便血,胃溃疡,痔疮,天泡疮,黄水疮,无名肿毒等。菱的果柄可用于治疗溃疡病,皮肤疣,胃癌,食道癌,子宫癌等。相关研究发现:菱的水提物中富含有多种黄酮类、多酚类、多糖类以及生物碱类物质,具有抗氧化、减少细胞氧化损伤、抑制肿瘤生长促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡、保护神经细胞、降低小鼠血糖等作用。其中黄酮类及多酚类物质是菱主要活性成分,伴随着菱的生长而分泌到水体当中,对周围的生物形成化感作用。菱田中套养水鲢及其他鱼种,能充分利用其化感作用,起到净化水体,杀菌消毒的作用,减少由于运输放养、饲喂争食过程中鱼体损伤导致的细菌入侵几率,从而提高鱼苗成活率及健康程度。
发明内容
本发明针对背景技术中存在的水鲢养殖过程中,水体综合利用率低及水鲢病害生物系统防治等问题,提出了一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为:
一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、养殖塘选择、清塘消毒与施基肥:选择水源充足、水质条件符合渔业水质标准的面积10-15亩的池塘作为水鲢养殖塘;3月中旬,采用生石灰干塘法清塘消毒,每666.7m2使用生石灰60-70kg;具体清塘方法为:先将池塘水排净,在池塘四周挖几个小潭,让水流入,再把生石灰放入溶化,不待冷却立即泼洒全塘;晒塘8-12天后,每666.7m2施入基肥3000-3800kg,其后灌水至水深20-30cm,备用;
S2、种植菱种、放养泥鳅及管理:4月上、中旬播种,采用穴条播法播种菱种:用稻草做成直径和高均为10-15cm的小草袋,草袋中间填有营养土,将3-4粒菱种埋入营养土中,草袋按株距80-120cm、行距100cm放置到池塘中;放养泥鳅幼苗,泥鳅规格为4-6cm、放养尾数800-1000尾/亩;其后常规管理菱田及泥鳅苗;
S3、水鲢苗消毒与预放养:5月中旬,将育好的水鲢鱼苗,先用2-5%的淡盐水浸泡5-8min,之后在洒有鱼苗体质改良液的育苗池中预放养8-12天,鱼苗体质改良液的用量为3-4L/m3;鱼苗体质改良液具体制备方法如下:取大青叶5-7份、鱼腥草6-10份、山楂8-12份、生姜4-6份、生地黄7-9份、大黄4-6份、大蒜12-16份、金银花12-18份、半边莲6-8份、白芷6-8份,将上述成分研磨粉碎后加入10倍重量的无菌水,在38-42℃下水浴浸泡38-46h,其后用800目细纱布过滤后,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至原滤液的1/3,得浓缩浸泡液;向浓缩浸泡液中加入二溴二甲基海因、β-氨基乙磺酸及鱼用糖萜素至其浓度分别为10-15ppm、25-30ppm及40-50ppm,得鱼苗体质改良液;
S4、鱼苗放养及饲喂管理:5月下旬将S3中预放养的水鲢鱼苗转移到菱田当中,并套养鳙鱼、罗非鱼;放养的水鲢鱼苗规格250-350g,尾数为180-220尾/亩;鳙鱼鱼苗规格100-160g,尾数40-50尾/亩;罗非鱼鱼苗规格为100-150g,尾数为40-50尾/亩;水鲢饲料管理按以下方案进行:5-7月份,以促长性饲料为主,辅助以矿物饲料,其中促长性饲料和矿物饲料按重量比为8-12:1;8-12月份,以常规饲料为主,辅助以生物活性饲料,常规饲料和生物活性饲料按重量比为6-8:1;其中常规饲料成份按重量计:玉米面50-60、小麦麸15-20、豆渣15-20、米糠10-15、鱼粉3-5、蚯蚓粉3-5、食盐0.1-0.3;其他管理措施同一般鱼塘;
S5、收获菱角与成鱼:10月上中旬开始陆续收获菱角;12月中旬清塘收获鲢鱼、鳙鱼、泥鳅、罗非鱼成鱼。
所述S1中基肥成分按重量计:栏肥240-300、豆粕30-40、油菜籽粕10-15、秸秆40-50、甜菜叶14-22、米麸18-26、花生壳20-30、酒糟8-12、葵籽壳10-14、木屑12-16、甘蔗渣4-6、糖醛渣3-4、蚕沙6-10、骨粉10-16、沸石6-12。
所述S1中基肥成分按重量计:栏肥270、豆粕35、油菜籽粕12、秸秆45、甜菜叶18、米麸22、花生壳25、酒糟10、葵籽壳12、木屑14、甘蔗渣5、糖醛渣3.5、蚕沙8、骨粉13、沸石9。
所述S4中促长性饲料成分按重量计:玉米面60-80、麦麸15-20、豆渣15-20、西瓜皮12-16、米糠10-15、鱼粉3-5、水芹2-3、海藻4-5、陈皮2-3、核黄素磷酸钠0.1-0.2、维生素C钠粉0.1-0.16、苹果酸钙0.1-0.18、多维葡萄糖0.4-0.5。
所述S4中促长性饲料成分按重量计:玉米面70、麦麸18、豆渣18、西瓜皮14、米糠12、鱼粉4、水芹2.5、海藻4.5、陈皮2.5、核黄素磷酸钠0.15、维生素C钠粉0.13、苹果酸钙0.14、多维葡萄糖0.45。
所述S4中矿物饲料的成分按重量计:蛋壳粉8-12、骨粉12-16、贝壳粉6-10、沸石粉5-9、膨润土4-5、草炭4-5、六偏磷酸钠0.1-0.2、食盐0.1-0.3。
所述S4中矿物饲料的成分按重量计:蛋壳粉10、骨粉14、贝壳粉8、沸石粉7、膨润土4.5、草炭4.5、六偏磷酸钠0.15、食盐0.2。
所述S4中生物活性饲料成分按重量计:金银花3-4、艾叶4-5、菖蒲3-4、鱼腥草4-5、白芷2-3、熟地黄1-2、芽孢杆菌0.2-0.3、干酵母0.1-0.3。
所述S4中生物活性饲料成分按重量计:金银花3.5、艾叶4.5、菖蒲3.5、鱼腥草4.5、白芷2.5、熟地黄1.5、芽孢杆菌0.25、干酵母0.2。
本发明的有益效果:
1、通过套种菱角,利用其生长发育过程中所分泌物质的化感作用来防治水鲢病害,减少了药剂投入,并且增加了副产出,提高了水体综合利用率;
2、通过撒施富含多种有机质的基肥,从而增加了土壤和水体富营养程度,有利于水体中藻类及浮游生物的生长,增加了水鲢天然食物来源,进一步降低了饲喂成本;
3、通过在水鲢预放养阶段洒施富含多种中药活性的鱼苗体质改良液,确保了鱼苗转库放养过程中的成活率,减轻由于捕捞机械损伤造成的不利影响;同时健壮鱼苗,为水鲢高产增收打下基础;
4、通过搭配饲喂适合水鲢不同生长阶段的饲料,充分发挥饲料中活性物质的作用,加快水鲢生长成熟,提高了水鲢产量及品质;
5、通过套养不同水层的鱼种,充分利用池塘水体空间,减少资源浪费,从而利用有限的空间达到更多产出,达到水鲢低成本环保养殖的目标。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例来对本发明的具体实施方式进行阐述。
实施例1
2016年3月中旬,为验证本发明有益效果,研究团队在浙江省湖州市菱湖镇无公害农产品生产基地开展相关研究实践,具体方法如下。
S1、养殖塘选择、清塘消毒与施基肥:选择水源充足、水质条件符合渔业水质标准的面积12亩的池塘作为水鲢养殖塘;3月中旬,采用生石灰干塘法清塘消毒,每666.7m2使用生石灰65kg;具体清塘方法为:先将池塘水排净,在池塘四周挖几个小潭,让水流入,再把生石灰放入溶化,不待冷却立即泼洒全塘;晒塘10天后,每666.7m2施入基肥3400kg,其后灌水至水深25cm,备用;基肥成分按重量计:栏肥270、豆粕35、油菜籽粕12、秸秆45、甜菜叶18、米麸22、花生壳25、酒糟10、葵籽壳12、木屑14、甘蔗渣5、糖醛渣3.5、蚕沙8、骨粉13、沸石9。
S2、种植菱种、放养泥鳅及管理:4月上、中旬播种,采用穴条播法播种菱种:用稻草做成直径和高均为10-15cm的小草袋,草袋中间填有营养土,将3-4粒菱种埋入营养土中,草袋按株距100cm、行距100cm放置到池塘中;放养泥鳅幼苗,泥鳅规格为4-6cm、放养尾数900尾/亩;其后常规管理菱田及泥鳅苗。
S3、水鲢苗消毒与预放养:5月中旬,将育好的水鲢鱼苗,先用4%的淡盐水浸泡6min,之后在洒有鱼苗体质改良液的育苗池中预放养10天,鱼苗体质改良液的用量为3.5L/m3;预放养期间饲喂促长性饲料,饲料用量同一般鱼塘;鱼苗体质改良液具体制备方法如下:取大青叶6份、鱼腥草8份、山楂10份、生姜5份、生地黄8份、大黄5份、大蒜14份、金银花15份、半边莲7份、白芷7份,将上述成分研磨粉碎后加入10倍重量的无菌水,在40℃下水浴浸泡42h,其后用800目细纱布过滤后,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至原滤液的1/3,得浓缩浸泡液;向浓缩浸泡液中加入二溴二甲基海因、β-氨基乙磺酸及鱼用糖萜素至其浓度分别为12ppm、28ppm及45ppm,得鱼苗体质改良液。
S4、鱼苗放养及饲喂管理:5月下旬将S3中预放养的水鲢鱼苗转移到菱田当中,并套养鳙鱼、罗非鱼鱼苗;放养的水鲢鱼苗规格250-350g,尾数为200尾/亩;鳙鱼鱼苗规格100-160g,尾数45尾/亩;罗非鱼鱼苗规格为100-150g,尾数为45尾/亩;水鲢饲料管理按以下方案进行:5-7月份,以促长性饲料为主,辅助以矿物饲料,其中促长性饲料和矿物饲料按重量比为10:1;促长性饲料成分按重量计:玉米面70、麦麸18、豆渣18、西瓜皮14、米糠12、鱼粉4、水芹2.5、海藻4.5、陈皮2.5、核黄素磷酸钠0.15、维生素C钠粉0.13、苹果酸钙0.14、多维葡萄糖0.45;矿物饲料的成分按重量计:蛋壳粉10、骨粉14、贝壳粉8、沸石粉7、膨润土4.5、草炭4.5、六偏磷酸钠0.15、食盐0.2;8-12月份,以常规饲料为主,辅助以生物活性饲料,常规饲料和生物活性饲料按重量比为7:1;其中常规饲料成份按重量计:玉米面55、小麦麸18、豆渣18、米糠12、鱼粉4、蚯蚓粉4、食盐0.2;生物活性饲料成分按重量计:金银花3.5、艾叶4.5、菖蒲3.5、鱼腥草4.5、白芷2.5、熟地黄1.5、芽孢杆菌0.25、干酵母0.2;其他管理措施同一般鱼塘。
S5、收获菱角与成鱼:10月上中旬开始陆续收获菱角;12月中旬清塘收获鲢鱼、鳙鱼、泥鳅、罗非鱼成鱼。收获后测产,所得数据统计如表2、3所示。
实施例2
为验证发明路线中预放养步骤中的鱼苗体质改良液的效果,研究团队在上述同一生产基地做相关对比试验,具体方法如下。
本发明:取实施例1中相同规格品种的水鲢鱼苗150尾,采用实施例1中的方法,将预放养处理后的鱼苗放养到鱼塘中,观察记录鱼苗成活率及其健康程度,结果如表1。
常规处理:取实施例1中相同规格品种的水鲢鱼苗150尾,用3%的氯化钠溶液浸泡10min后,放养到鱼塘中,观察记录鱼苗成活率及其健壮程度,结果如表1。
从表1中,我们可以看出,采用本发明技术路线进行预放养处理后的水鲢鱼苗在成活率上相比于常规处理提高了14%,而且鱼体健壮,体表颜色较深,有光泽;鱼苗活泼好动,善跳跃且摄食能力较强;这可能是由于在预放养过程中所洒施的鱼苗体质改良液中,多种生物活性成分对鱼苗体质起到了改良强健的作用;健壮的鱼苗及较高的成活率是水鲢高产的基础。
实施例3
为验证本发明路线中施用的基肥的有益效果,研究团队除将基肥替换为猪厩肥外,采用同实施例1中相同的方法步骤,在同一农场养殖80m2的水鲢,收获后测产,结果如表2所示。
实施例4
为验证本发明路线中饲料管理方案的有益效果,研究团队除将各阶段饲料均替换成常规饲料外,采用同实施例1中相同的方法步骤,在同一农场养殖80m2的水鲢,收获后测产,结果如表2所示。
实施例5
2016年3月,研究团队在同一农场,采用杨元华公开发表的《生态鲢鱼规范化养殖技术》一文中的方法步骤,养殖80m2的水鲢,收获后测产,结果如表2所示。
分析表2,我们可以看出:采用本发明技术路线养殖的实施例1中的水鲢在均重和亩产上均高于其他实施例。具体来说,对比实施例1和3,我们发现施用的基肥对均重和产量均有正向影响,这可能是由于基肥中的有机质促进了水体中藻类和浮游生物的生长,从而为水鲢提供了较为充足的食物来源;对比实施例1和4,我们发现本发明路线中饲料管理方案对鳙鱼的均重和产量均产生了正向影响,这可能是由于分阶段的饲喂符合水鲢生长需求的饲料,能够更好的激发水鲢增产潜力;对比实施例1和5,我们发现本发明相比于常规养殖水鲢,在均重和亩产上分别提升了27.4%和37.3%,这充分体现了本发明对鳙鱼产量和品质提升的有益效果。
实施例6
为验证本发明技术路线中种植的菱角及套养鳙鱼、罗非鱼、泥鳅的有益效果,研究团队在同一农场做相关对比试验。具体方法如下。
对比例1:除不再栽植菱角外,采用同实施例1中相同的方法步骤,养殖80m2的水鲢,收获后测产,结果如表3。
对比例2:除不再套养鳙鱼、罗非鱼、泥鳅外,采用同实施例1中相同的方法步骤,养殖80m2的水鲢,收获后测产,结果如表3。
对比例3:采用常规方法栽植菱角,栽植规模数量同实施例1,菱角收获后测产,结果如表3。
分析表3,我们可以看出:本发明技术路线中栽植菱角及套养鳙鱼、罗非鱼、泥鳅等均产生了正向效果。具体来说,对比实施例1和对比例1,我们发现,不再栽植菱角后,鱼塘中的各鱼种产量均出现了下降,这可能是由于栽植菱角时,菱生长发育过程中,所分泌的物质具有杀菌消毒的化感作用,从而减轻了水体中残存细菌对鱼群的侵害,从而减少了病鱼死鱼的产生;另一方面,菱本身也有净化水体,调节水质的作用,不再栽植后,鱼群的品质液有所降低。
对比实施1和对比例2,我们发现单独在菱田中养殖水鲢,两者产量相较于本发明均有所下降,这可能是由于不再套养其他鱼种后,,同水鲢的互利共生关系被打破,从而水鲢的产量略微降低,另一方面,由于整个体系中活动的鱼数量减少,产生的排泄物也随之减少,从而导致了菱角产量略微降低。
对比实施例1和对比例1,我们发现采用常规方法栽植同等规格的菱角后,产量相较于本发明有所降低,这可能是由于水体中存在的多鱼种活动后产生的排泄物及食物残渣对菱田的肥田作用。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、养殖塘选择、清塘消毒与施基肥:选择水源充足、水质条件符合渔业水质标准的面积10-15亩的池塘作为水鲢养殖塘;3月中旬,采用生石灰干塘法清塘消毒,每666.7m2使用生石灰60-70kg;具体清塘方法为:先将池塘水排净,在池塘四周挖几个小潭,让水流入,再把生石灰放入溶化,不待冷却立即泼洒全塘;晒塘8-12天后,每666.7m2施入基肥3000-3800kg,其后灌水至水深20-30cm,备用;
S2、种植菱种、放养泥鳅及管理:4月上、中旬播种,采用穴条播法播种菱种:用稻草做成直径和高均为10-15cm的小草袋,草袋中间填有营养土,将3-4粒菱种埋入营养土中,草袋按株距80-120cm、行距100cm放置到池塘中;放养泥鳅幼苗,泥鳅规格为4-6cm、放养尾数800-1000尾/亩;其后常规管理菱田及泥鳅苗;
S3、水鲢苗消毒与预放养:5月中旬,将育好的水鲢鱼苗,先用2-5%的淡盐水浸泡5-8min,之后在洒有鱼苗体质改良液的育苗池中预放养8-12天,鱼苗体质改良液的用量为3-4L/m3;鱼苗体质改良液具体制备方法如下:取大青叶5-7份、鱼腥草6-10份、山楂8-12份、生姜4-6份、生地黄7-9份、大黄4-6份、大蒜12-16份、金银花12-18份、半边莲6-8份、白芷6-8份,将上述成分研磨粉碎后加入10倍重量的无菌水,在38-42℃下水浴浸泡38-46h,其后用800目细纱布过滤后,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至原滤液的1/3,得浓缩浸泡液;向浓缩浸泡液中加入二溴二甲基海因、β-氨基乙磺酸及鱼用糖萜素至其浓度分别为10-15ppm、25-30ppm及40-50ppm,得鱼苗体质改良液;
S4、鱼苗放养及饲喂管理:5月下旬将S3中预放养的水鲢鱼苗转移到菱田当中,并套养鳙鱼、罗非鱼;放养的水鲢鱼苗规格250-350g,尾数为180-220尾/亩;鳙鱼鱼苗规格100-160g,尾数40-50尾/亩;罗非鱼鱼苗规格为100-150g,尾数为40-50尾/亩;水鲢饲料管理按以下方案进行:5-7月份,以促长性饲料为主,辅助以矿物饲料,其中促长性饲料和矿物饲料按重量比为8-12:1;8-12月份,以常规饲料为主,辅助以生物活性饲料,常规饲料和生物活性饲料按重量比为6-8:1;其中常规饲料成份按重量计:玉米面50-60、小麦麸15-20、豆渣15-20、米糠10-15、鱼粉3-5、蚯蚓粉3-5、食盐0.1-0.3;其他管理措施同一般鱼塘;
S5、收获菱角与成鱼:10月上中旬开始陆续收获菱角;12月中旬清塘收获鲢鱼、鳙鱼、泥鳅、罗非鱼成鱼。
2.根据权利要求1所述水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,所述S1中基肥成分按重量计:栏肥240-300、豆粕30-40、油菜籽粕10-15、秸秆40-50、甜菜叶14-22、米麸18-26、花生壳20-30、酒糟8-12、葵籽壳10-14、木屑12-16、甘蔗渣4-6、糖醛渣3-4、蚕沙6-10、骨粉10-16、沸石6-12。
3.根据权利要求1所述水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,所述S1中基肥成分按重量计:栏肥270、豆粕35、油菜籽粕12、秸秆45、甜菜叶18、米麸22、花生壳25、酒糟10、葵籽壳12、木屑14、甘蔗渣5、糖醛渣3.5、蚕沙8、骨粉13、沸石9。
4.根据权利要求1所述水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,所述S4中促长性饲料成分按重量计:玉米面60-80、麦麸15-20、豆渣15-20、西瓜皮12-16、米糠10-15、鱼粉3-5、水芹2-3、海藻4-5、陈皮2-3、核黄素磷酸钠0.1-0.2、维生素C钠粉0.1-0.16、苹果酸钙0.1-0.18、多维葡萄糖0.4-0.5。
5.根据权利要求1所述水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,所述S4中促长性饲料成分按重量计:玉米面70、麦麸18、豆渣18、西瓜皮14、米糠12、鱼粉4、水芹2.5、海藻4.5、陈皮2.5、核黄素磷酸钠0.15、维生素C钠粉0.13、苹果酸钙0.14、多维葡萄糖0.45。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,所述S4中矿物饲料的成分按重量计:蛋壳粉8-12、骨粉12-16、贝壳粉6-10、沸石粉5-9、膨润土4-5、草炭4-5、六偏磷酸钠0.1-0.2、食盐0.1-0.3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,所述S4中矿物饲料的成分按重量计:蛋壳粉10、骨粉14、贝壳粉8、沸石粉7、膨润土4.5、草炭4.5、六偏磷酸钠0.15、食盐0.2。
8.根据权利要求1所述的水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,所述S4中生物活性饲料成分按重量计:金银花3-4、艾叶4-5、菖蒲3-4、鱼腥草4-5、白芷2-3、熟地黄1-2、芽孢杆菌0.2-0.3、干酵母0.1-0.3。
9.根据权利要求1所述的水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法,其特征在于,所述S4中生物活性饲料成分按重量计:金银花3.5、艾叶4.5、菖蒲3.5、鱼腥草4.5、白芷2.5、熟地黄1.5、芽孢杆菌0.25、干酵母0.2。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811169799.1A CN109258522A (zh) | 2018-10-08 | 2018-10-08 | 一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811169799.1A CN109258522A (zh) | 2018-10-08 | 2018-10-08 | 一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109258522A true CN109258522A (zh) | 2019-01-25 |
Family
ID=65196045
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811169799.1A Pending CN109258522A (zh) | 2018-10-08 | 2018-10-08 | 一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN109258522A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112617061A (zh) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-04-09 | 广东东腾饲料有限公司 | 一种鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104222668A (zh) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-24 | 王慧 | 一种提高机体免疫力复合鱼饲料 |
CN106577389A (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-04-26 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | 一种齐口裂腹鱼的人工繁殖方法 |
CN106879506A (zh) * | 2017-01-21 | 2017-06-23 | 陆川县泉涌养殖场 | 一种稻香草鱼的养殖方法 |
CN107637548A (zh) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-01-30 | 南宁市生润科技有限公司 | 一种草鱼的高产抗病养殖方法 |
CN108064823A (zh) * | 2018-02-25 | 2018-05-25 | 孙红 | 一种鲢鱼饵料及其制备方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-10-08 CN CN201811169799.1A patent/CN109258522A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104222668A (zh) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-24 | 王慧 | 一种提高机体免疫力复合鱼饲料 |
CN106577389A (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-04-26 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | 一种齐口裂腹鱼的人工繁殖方法 |
CN106879506A (zh) * | 2017-01-21 | 2017-06-23 | 陆川县泉涌养殖场 | 一种稻香草鱼的养殖方法 |
CN107637548A (zh) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-01-30 | 南宁市生润科技有限公司 | 一种草鱼的高产抗病养殖方法 |
CN108064823A (zh) * | 2018-02-25 | 2018-05-25 | 孙红 | 一种鲢鱼饵料及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
《今日黑土地》栏目组: "《农家生活百事通》", 28 February 2014, 辽宁科学技术出版社 * |
崔梅英等: "鱼、菱共养技术", 《乡村科技》 * |
褚天铎等: "《简明施肥技术手册 第2版》", 31 January 2014, 金盾出版社 * |
陈清西等: "《莲藕、菱、水芹、慈姑栽培技术》", 30 June 2001, 科学技术文献出版社 * |
骆小年等: "《鲇、怀头鲇和杂交鲇养殖技术》", 31 August 2015, 辽宁科学技术出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112617061A (zh) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-04-09 | 广东东腾饲料有限公司 | 一种鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103416337B (zh) | 一种河鳗仿野生养殖方法 | |
Edwards | Food potential of aquatic macrophytes | |
CN100584201C (zh) | 中纬度地区一种鳜鱼综合养殖方法 | |
CN103181343A (zh) | 一种大型鱼塘种、养殖一体化的生态养殖方法 | |
CN103392646A (zh) | 一种稻田科学饲养胭脂鱼的方法 | |
CN100586269C (zh) | 含碘莴苣的栽培方法 | |
CN102893948A (zh) | “鳖、鱼、稻、菜”生态循环生产系统 | |
CN103461250A (zh) | 一种稻田养殖黄颡鱼的方法 | |
CN107439430A (zh) | 一种草鱼生态养殖方法 | |
CN105230556A (zh) | 中华鳖全程无公害生态养殖方法 | |
CN106818438A (zh) | 一种利用遮阴蔬菜的浮床网箱养殖黄鳝的方法 | |
CN103385190A (zh) | 一种沙塘鳢、螺蛳和河蟹共生养殖方法 | |
CN104304127A (zh) | 一种泥鳅养殖方法 | |
CN107027660A (zh) | 一种黑鱼的养殖方法 | |
CN106912409A (zh) | 一种池塘主养鳙鱼养殖方法及池塘养殖模式 | |
CN106508750A (zh) | 虹鳟鱼的养殖方法 | |
CN103314914A (zh) | 一种青虾、白鲢和河蟹共生养殖方法 | |
CN106035146A (zh) | 青鱼、鲫鱼池塘套养技术 | |
CN109006609A (zh) | 一种优质小龙虾生态立体互作培育方法 | |
CN108633801A (zh) | 一种莲藕塘套养小龙虾的养殖方法 | |
CN110073924A (zh) | 一种稻田中混合养殖的方法 | |
CN109122562A (zh) | 一种黑斑蛙的培育方法 | |
CN106717867A (zh) | 一种有机莼菜和草鱼共生的方法 | |
CN109258522A (zh) | 一种水鲢的低成本高产环保养殖方法 | |
CN106561507A (zh) | 一种在稻田里养殖罗非鱼的方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20190125 |
|
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |