CN109249817A - 用于加电站的充电桩的充电线缆单元及该单元的使用 - Google Patents

用于加电站的充电桩的充电线缆单元及该单元的使用 Download PDF

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CN109249817A
CN109249817A CN201810758949.6A CN201810758949A CN109249817A CN 109249817 A CN109249817 A CN 109249817A CN 201810758949 A CN201810758949 A CN 201810758949A CN 109249817 A CN109249817 A CN 109249817A
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charge cable
unit
charging pile
cooling
connector
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CN109249817B (zh
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D·科勒
S·戈茨
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于加电站的充电桩(30)的充电线缆单元(40)，具有以下特征：该充电线缆单元(40)包括冷却单元(10)和优选设置有线缆接线夹(22)的充电线缆(17)，该充电线缆(17)具有次级冷却剂回路；该冷却单元(10)包括具有第一接头和第二接头的热交换器(20)；这些第二接头在流体意义上连接至该次级冷却剂回路；并且该冷却单元(10)被配置成：当这些第一接头在流体意义上连接至该加电站的共用的初级冷却剂回路时，冷却该次级冷却剂回路。本发明还提供了一种在使用此类充电线缆单元(40)的情况下的安装方法。

Description

用于加电站的充电桩的充电线缆单元及该单元的使用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于加电站的充电桩的充电线缆单元。此外，本发明涉及此类充电线缆单元的用途。
背景技术
在电子技术中，用于在无需取出能量储存器(如电动汽车的牵引电池)的情况下通过简单地置入或插入来向可移动的电池驱动的装置、机器或机动车辆供应能量的任何固定设备或者电子装置都称为充电站。电动汽车的充电站通常被称为“加电站”，并且可以包括多个充电点，这些充电点根据结构形式被描述特征为“充电桩”。
在此，尤其已知直流快速充电系统(high performance charging，HPC)，如在欧洲推广的所谓组合充电系统(combined charging system，CCS)。在通用的直流充电下，来自充电桩的直流电直接被输入至车辆中，并在此通过电网的高效整流器或通过太阳能加电站的缓冲蓄能器提供直流电。在车辆中存在电池管理系统，该电池管理系统与充电桩通信，以便调整电流强度或在达到容量极限时终止该过程。
根据现有技术，为此所需的电力电子器件通常集成在充电桩中，并且可以负载最高达50kW的功率极限。由于充电桩的直流端直接与牵引电池的对应端相连接，所以能够以低损耗传输高充电电流，这可实现短的充电时间，但也产生显著的废热。
为了使对于使用者而言充电线缆的重量和挠性保持很小，本文献中描述了具有液体流过的充电线缆的线缆冷却系统。这种系统有时在安装、运行和维护方面是有问题的。尤其，充电线缆由于频繁使用、遭遇恶劣天气、或操作不当而经受高磨损。然而，其更换和其安装通常需要安装冷却系统的部件或将线缆冷却回路连接至充电桩的冷却系统。为此目的，一方面要填充冷却液并且此外要对冷却回路进行排气(entlüften)，以实现无故障运行。这些操作非常耗时且容易出错，并且维修团队在现场受充电桩约束。
利用无泄漏或完全无死点容积的插接连接器的替代方案可能避免进行填充或排气，但过于昂贵且易坏。例如，DE 102007041110B4公开了一种具有连接管线和插接连接器的电气端子，该连接管线和该插接连接器分别具有用于冷却液的空腔。该插接连接器还包括阀，当连接管线的连接点从插接连接器脱离时，该阀封闭空腔的第一开口；连接点具有对应的阀，当连接点从插接连接器脱离时，该阀封闭空腔的第二开口。
EP 800234 B1涉及一种用于具有插座和插头的供电或监测和控制管线的插接联接器，该插接联接器由一方面的联接销和另一方面的联接套筒形成三个联接点，其中，除了用于电气管线的联接点之外，还设置用于压力介质管线的联接点，并且该联接点的联接销和联接套筒具有轴向孔和端侧的软管接头，并且在联接套筒的轴向孔中安排有止回阀，该止回阀可以由穿入联接套筒中的联接销来按压。
EP 2909893 A1涉及另一种充电线缆冷却装置。
发明内容
本发明根据下述1的记载提供了一种用于加电站的充电桩的充电线缆单元，其中下述2-6为本发明的优选技术方案，并且提供了一种用于安装此类充电线缆单元的方法，其中下述7-10记载了本发明的充电线缆单元的使用：
1.一种用于加电站的充电桩(30)的充电线缆单元(40)，其特征在于：
-该充电线缆单元(40)包括冷却单元(10)和优选设置有线缆接线夹(22)的充电线缆(17)，
-该充电线缆(17)具有次级冷却剂回路，
-该冷却单元(10)包括具有第一接头(11，13)和第二接头(15，16)的热交换器(20)，
-所述第二接头(15，16)在流体意义上连接至该次级冷却剂回路，并且
-该冷却单元(10)被配置成：当所述第一接头(11，13)在流体意义上连接至该加电站的共用的初级冷却剂回路时，该冷却单元冷却该次级冷却剂回路。
2.根据上述1所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-该冷却单元(10)包括泵(14)，并且
-该泵(14)在流体意义上连接至所述第二接头(15，16)。
3.根据上述2所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-该冷却单元(10)包括补偿容器(12)，并且
-该补偿容器(12)在流体意义上连接至该泵(14)。
4.根据上述1至3之一所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-该充电线缆单元(40)包括用于连接至该初级冷却剂回路的软管(19)，并且
-所述第一接头(11，13)在流体意义上连接至所述软管(19)。
5.根据上述1至4之一所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-该次级冷却剂回路填充有惰性流体、优选惰性非导电流体，尤其甲氧基七氟丙烷、甲氧基九氟丙烷、氢氟醚、或含氟酮。
6.根据上述4或5所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-所述软管(19)具有用于连接该初级冷却剂回路的截止阀(18)和连接点(21)，并且
-所述截止阀(18)安排在所述连接点(21)处。
7.根据上述6所述的充电线缆单元(40)的使用，
其特征在于：
-将充电桩(30)竖立在具有共用的初级冷却剂回路的加电站处，
-将该充电线缆单元(40)优选地放置并安装在该充电桩(30)中的顶部框架(39)下方，
-将该初级冷却剂回路连接至连接点(21)，并且
-将顶板(43)穿入该充电线缆(17)上并应用到该充电桩(30)。
8.根据上述7所述的使用，
其特征在于：
-将该充电线缆单元(40)从上方降至该充电桩(30)中，并且
-将优选圆形的密封板(44)推到该顶部框架(39)上。
9.根据上述7所述的使用，
其特征在于：
-将该充电线缆单元(40)优选地从前部穿过门开口插入到该充电桩(30)中，并且
-向上从该充电桩(30)引出该充电线缆(17)。
10.根据上述7至9之一所述的使用，
其特征在于：
-将张力消除件(42)穿入该充电线缆(17)上，并且
-利用线缆固持件(41)将该张力消除件(42)轴向地固定到该充电线缆(17)。
该解决方案的一个优点在于，冷却系统可以在无需移除单元的情况下进行填充和安装。由此可以避免在现场对冷却回路进行排气。
为了对充电线缆进行冷却，充电线缆的冷却回路仅经由热交换器连接至充电桩的液体冷却回路，该液体冷却回路可以使用不同的冷却介质。在此，所有的封闭件和联接器优选允许快速安装(快速联接器等)。
冷却单元优选位于充电桩中的高点处。因此在现场进行安装时，线缆和冷却单元仅需要从上方插入充电桩中。
对充电线缆的固定仅通过壳体的一些固定件(以夹紧方式固定在充电桩的出口处并且必要时固定在桩的支撑臂中)以及通过将冷却单元固定或悬置在充电桩的内部来进行。
本发明的其他有利的设计方案在上述2-6中给出。因此，根据本发明的对应安排允许从外部将充电线缆穿入立式充电桩中。在此，也可以在充电桩侧的端部没问题地引入不轻便的元件(冷却系统等)。
此处提出的解决方案将线缆引导过顶部。然而替代地，该解决方案可以用于充电桩上的任何其他执行方式而不脱离本发明的范围。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并将在下文中加以详细说明。
图1示出了第一充电桩的透视图。
图2示出了第二充电桩的分解视图。
图3示出了第二充电桩的冷却单元的透视图。
图4示出了第三充电桩的局部分解视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了所提出的充电桩(30)的基本结构。作为本发明的基本特征，充电桩(30)包括冷却单元(10)，当充电桩(30)在流体意义上连接至加电站的多个充电桩的共用的初级冷却剂回路时，该冷却回路冷却充电桩(30)的闭合的次级冷却剂回路。
通过根据图2的稍微不同的实施方式的总览以及其在图3中详细示出的冷却单元(10)阐明了如下工作原理：相应地，冷却单元(10)是基于具有第一接头(11，13)和第二接头(15，16)的热交换器20。第一接头(11，13)经由具有截止阀(18)的两个软管(19)连接至初级冷却剂回路的连接点(21)，而第二接头(15，16)经由具有补偿容器(12)的泵(14)对该次级冷却剂回路进行馈送，该次级冷却剂回路的热量旨在经由热交换器(20)传递至初级冷却剂回路。初级冷却剂回路通常引导水-乙二醇混合物，而次级冷却剂回路可以因此填充有合成的、例如以商品名“Novec”销售的甲氧基七氟丙烷或甲氧基九氟丙烷、氢氟醚、含氟酮或另外的不导电且尽可能惰性的流体。
这样的具有冷却系统的预组装充电线缆单元(40)可以安装方便地下降到同样在图2中示出的充电桩(30)的内框架(34)中，该内框架的外壳由外壁(32，35)构成——这些外壁具有外部邻接的由树脂垫(片状模制塑料，SMC)构成的悬臂板(31，36)——并且在此是经由左侧外壁(32)的闭合机构(37)可接近的。在如图所示的悬臂板(31，36)的上端部之间以形状配合的方式安排有上部线缆固持件(33)和具有滴水边缘的顶部(38)。线缆固持件(33)进而由两个注塑件组合成，这两个注塑件通过两个形状互补的凹槽将经冷却的充电线缆(17)容纳在其间。
现在将借助于根据图4的充电桩(30)的第三设计方案来解释安装过程：优选地，已经将充电线缆单元(40)穿过图示的具有圆形区段的金属顶部框架(39)；在其他情况下，是随后使该顶部框架(39)引导穿过充电线缆(17)的插头侧。
接下来，将例如由塑料制成的、在此为圆形的密封板(44)推到盖板上。可以将密封板(44)穿入所提供的充电线缆(17)上。在这种情况下，还可以通过粘接将该密封板固定在充电线缆(17)上并进行密封，或者通过径向压力来确保其密封性。在最后提到的情况下，密封板(44)的内侧优选地是弹性的或用弹性材料覆盖。
替代性地，将具有冷却系统的充电线缆单元(40)通过门开口从前方插入充电桩(30)中并且引导充电线缆(17)的插头穿过该顶部开口。如上所述，在这个安装步骤中已经将密封板(44)穿入充电线缆(17)上并且在必要时进行固定。最后安装在此实施为方形的顶板(43)，该顶板能够由于现有的密封板(44)而在中央具有更大的切口，以便在现场从插头侧穿入充电线缆(17)上。
密封板(44)在此优选地是具有密封环的塑料注塑部件。顶板(43)可以是例如塑料注塑部件或金属部件。图示的支撑臂是可选的，并且对于实施本发明而言不是强制必需的。如果存在支撑臂，则在该支撑臂端部处的张力消除件(42)是有利的。如果不存在支撑臂，则可以将对应的张力消除件(42)安装在顶部或集成到密封板(44)中。
张力消除件(42)能够例如由围绕充电线缆(17)的常规的环以及至少一个塑料镶边或对弹性环施加压力的其他锁定件构成，该环由诸如塑料、丁腈橡胶(nitrilebutadiene rubber，NBR)或其他橡胶等弹性材料制成。该环可以是在充电线缆单元(40)的运送状态下已经带穿孔的或开槽的。
替代性地，可以将在此由镀镍黄铜制成的张力消除件(42)穿入充电线缆(17)上并粘接在正确位置或通过其他方式进行固定。该张力消除件的在正确位置上的初始定位避免了必须在现场进行对准。在此，所选择的位置确定了从顶部到支撑臂端部的弧形的长度以及充电线缆(17)自支撑臂的长度，该长度进而决定了：充电线缆(17)在预期的操作中和在汽车充电插座位置中是会在地面磨蹭还是足以到达充电插座。经固定的张力消除件(42)通过图示的具有拧接的线缆固持件41的两个塑料半壳径向定位并轴向固定——需注意“圆盘”的缺口。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于加电站的充电桩(30)的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-该充电线缆单元(40)包括冷却单元(10)和优选设置有线缆接线夹(22)的充电线缆(17)，
-该充电线缆(17)具有次级冷却剂回路，
-该冷却单元(10)包括具有第一接头(11，13)和第二接头(15，16)的热交换器(20)，
-所述第二接头(15，16)在流体意义上连接至该次级冷却剂回路，并且
-该冷却单元(10)被配置成：当所述第一接头(11，13)在流体意义上连接至该加电站的共用的初级冷却剂回路时，该冷却单元冷却该次级冷却剂回路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-该冷却单元(10)包括泵(14)，并且
-该泵(14)在流体意义上连接至所述第二接头(15，16)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-该冷却单元(10)包括补偿容器(12)，并且
-该补偿容器(12)在流体意义上连接至该泵(14)。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-该充电线缆单元(40)包括用于连接至该初级冷却剂回路的软管(19)，并且
-所述第一接头(11，13)在流体意义上连接至所述软管(19)。
5.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-该次级冷却剂回路填充有惰性流体、优选惰性非导电流体，尤其甲氧基七氟丙烷、甲氧基九氟丙烷、氢氟醚、或含氟酮。
6.根据权利要求4所述的充电线缆单元(40)，
其特征在于：
-所述软管(19)具有用于连接该初级冷却剂回路的截止阀(18)和连接点(21)，并且
-所述截止阀(18)安排在所述连接点(21)处。
7.根据权利要求6所述的充电线缆单元(40)的使用，
其特征在于：
-将充电桩(30)竖立在具有共用的初级冷却剂回路的加电站处，
-将该充电线缆单元(40)优选地放置并安装在该充电桩(30)中的顶部框架(39)下方，
-将该初级冷却剂回路连接至连接点(21)，并且
-将顶板(43)穿入该充电线缆(17)上并应用到该充电桩(30)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的使用，
其特征在于：
-将该充电线缆单元(40)从上方降至该充电桩(30)中，并且
-将优选圆形的密封板(44)推到该顶部框架(39)上。
9.根据权利要求7所述的使用，
其特征在于：
-将该充电线缆单元(40)优选地从前部穿过门开口插入到该充电桩(30)中，并且
-向上从该充电桩(30)引出该充电线缆(17)。
10.根据权利要求7至9之一所述的使用，
其特征在于：
-将张力消除件(42)穿入该充电线缆(17)上，并且
-利用线缆固持件(41)将该张力消除件(42)轴向地固定到该充电线缆(17)。
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