CN109248708A - 一种常温脱氯剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种常温脱氯剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109248708A
CN109248708A CN201710577997.0A CN201710577997A CN109248708A CN 109248708 A CN109248708 A CN 109248708A CN 201710577997 A CN201710577997 A CN 201710577997A CN 109248708 A CN109248708 A CN 109248708A
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吴月兵
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种常温脱氯剂及其制备方法。属于化工技术领域,本常温脱氯剂质量百分比组成为:(1)分子筛5‑30%;(2)金属元素10‑70%;(3)活性炭5‑20%;(4)成型剂10‑50%。本发明提供的脱氯剂具有以下特点:(1)催化剂制备过程简单可控,催化剂各组分之间结合紧密;(2)金属元素之间可多重搭配,具备脱硫和脱氯多重功效;(3)脱氯剂制备过程环保安全,无污水废渣产生;(4)脱氯剂活性组份分布均匀,反应稳定性好。

Description

一种常温脱氯剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化工技术领域,尤其是一种脱氯剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
氯是工业生产中常见的有害杂质,其危害主要体现在腐蚀设备、催化剂中毒和设备堵塞,严重时甚至导致安全生产事故。所以高效、低成本的脱除氯化物对于保障企业的正常生产具有重要意义。
美国专利文献US4639259公开了一种脱氯剂,该脱氯剂是将活性物质碱土金属负载在氧化铝上,但其氯容量只能达到13.8%,且脱后氯含量在1mg/L左右。CN1064099A公开了一种脱氯剂,使用碱金属或碱土金属化合物为脱氯活性组分,以天然无机粘土为粘结剂制成脱氯剂,制备时加入扩孔剂—碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、木质素或田菁粉。在200℃下脱氯,可使气体中的氯化氢降至0.5ppm以下。
CN97116288.3公开了一种高效脱氯剂及其制备方法,所述的脱氯剂使用碳酸钠、碳酸钙和氧化镁为活性组分,以无机粘土、膨润土、高岭土或硅藻土为载体。该脱氯剂在制备过程中添加无机粘结剂铝溶胶或胶体SiO2或高温水泥,并添加有机或高分子化合物甲基纤维素或/和聚乙二醇、尿素,经挤条干燥后于350~400℃焙烧。该脱氯剂在200~400℃、1000~3000h-1的反应条件下,将气体中的氯降至0.1ppm以下的穿透氯容为30重量%。
CN1539921A公开了一种由分子筛和活性物质组成的多功能脱氯剂,该脱氯剂是一种多元复合物,组成比例为(质量百分比):粘结剂:0~30%、分子筛:5~20%、碱金属-碱土金属氧化物:30~90%、增效剂:1~5%,可在较宽的温度范围(100~550℃)工作,但只能将原料中的氯降低至1mg/L左右。
可以看出,现有技术的脱氯剂大多以高温脱氯为主(100℃以上),采用碱金属或碱土金属的含氧化合物为活性组分,仅在高温条件下,其净化度才能保持较高水平;另一方面,反应动力学研究表明,脱氯反应首先从脱氯剂表面开始,然后向脱氯剂内部扩散。表面反应速率快;而向内部扩散反应速率慢,是整个脱氯反应速率的决定步骤。脱氯剂的比表面积大,则脱氯反应速率快,反应精度高。而目前现有技术的脱氯剂普遍存在氯容低、活性组分利用率低、比表面积小等亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明主要提供一种常温脱氯剂,解决现有技术中脱氯剂在常温下氯容低,机械强度差,耐水稳定性低的问题。本发明的另一个目的是提供上述脱氯剂的制备方法。
本发明的实现过程如下:
常温脱氯剂的质量百分比组成为:(1)分子筛5-30%;选自ZSM-5,SAPO-11,SAPO-34,ZSM-22,ZSM-11,Beta,Y,MCM-22中至少一种;(2)金属元素10-70%;选自Cu,Zn,Fe,碱和碱土金属中至少两种;(3)活性炭5-20%;采用普通市售活性炭;(4)成型剂10-50%;采用水玻璃和羊坩土。
本发明所述分子筛优选HZSM-5或Y型;所述金属元素优选Zn、Cu、Ca;所述金属元素可溶性盐优选硝酸盐或者醋酸盐;所述水玻璃优选模数为2.2-2.5。
一种常温脱氯剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将水玻璃加入搅拌机中高速搅拌;
(2)将分子筛、羊坩土、金属元素可溶性盐与活性炭粉末依次缓慢加入搅拌液,直至凝胶状;
(3)挤条或者造粒,干燥,在300~500℃下焙烧2~8h。
本发明脱氯剂和现有技术相比,具有如下优点:
1、催化剂制备过程简单可控,催化剂各组分依次在高速搅拌的水玻璃溶液中混合,水玻璃本身具有强碱性,粘结性好,强度较高,依次加入的金属可溶性盐类、分子筛、活性炭和羊坩土与水玻璃紧密结合,优化了脱氯剂结构中的孔道、比表面积和活性组份分布,有效解决了现有脱氯剂中存在的比表面积低、氯容低的问题,同时提高了脱氯剂的耐磨性、耐水性和机械强度,所述脱氯剂的机械强度高达120N/cm以上,在原料气水汽含量小于35%的情况下,脱氯性能不受影响。
2、金属元素之间可多重搭配,通过多种金属元素之间的协同作用,所述脱氯剂兼具脱硫和脱氯多重功效,在常温下氯容可以高达50%,此外净化精度可以达到进口氯含量为10~2000ppm、硫含量为10~1000ppm,出口气中氯含量低于0.1ppm、硫含量低于0.1ppm。
3、发明所述脱氯剂的制备过程中,不需要额外水分的加入,从而避免了烘干过程中大量的水分蒸发导致脱氯剂产生裂纹和粉末,提高了脱氯剂的强度和产率。整个脱氯剂制备过程无污水废渣产生。
具体实施方式
本发明将通过以下具体实施例进行说明,但本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
称取500g水玻璃加入搅拌机中高速搅拌;将100g分子筛、50g羊坩土、400g氢氧化钙、50g硝酸锌、50g硝酸铜、50g活性炭粉末依次缓慢加入搅拌液,直至胶状,挤条,干燥,在400℃下焙烧6h,制得所述脱氯剂。
实施例2
称取500g水玻璃加入搅拌机中高速搅拌;将100g分子筛、50g羊坩土、400g碳酸钙、50g硝酸锌、50g硝酸铜、50g活性炭粉末依次缓慢加入搅拌液,直胶状,挤条,干燥,在400℃下焙烧6h,制得所述脱氯剂。
实施例3
称取500g水玻璃加入搅拌机中高速搅拌;将100g分子筛、50g羊坩土、350g氢氧化钙、50g硝酸锌、50、硝酸铜、50g硝酸镁、50g活性炭粉末依次缓慢加入搅拌液,直至胶状,挤条,干燥,在400℃下焙烧6h,制得所述脱氯剂。
实施例4
称取500g水玻璃加入搅拌机中高速搅拌;将100g分子筛、50g羊坩土、200g氢氧化钙、200g碳酸钙、50g硝酸锌、50g硝酸铜、50g活性炭粉末依次缓慢加入搅拌液,直至胶状,挤条,干燥,在400℃下焙烧6h,制得所述脱氯剂。
实施例5
称取500g水玻璃加入搅拌机中高速搅拌;将100g分子筛、50g羊坩土、150g氢氧化钙、200g碳酸钙、50g硝酸锌、50、硝酸铜、50g硝酸镁、50g活性炭粉末依次缓慢加入搅拌液,直至胶状,挤条,干燥,在400℃下焙烧6h,制得所述脱氯剂。
实施例6
取实施例1-5的催化剂进行物理性能测试,将上述脱氯剂粉碎至20-40目,在空速为2000h-1,室温25℃条件下对其进行性能评价试验,所得结果如下表所示。

Claims (6)

1.一种常温脱氯剂,其特征在于所述脱氯剂的组份和质量百分比如下:
(1)分子筛5-30%;选自ZSM-5,SAPO-11,SAPO-34,ZSM-22,ZSM-11,Beta,Y,MCM-22中至少一种;
(2)金属元素10-70%;选自Cu,Zn,Fe,碱及碱土金属中至少两种;
(3)活性炭5-20%;采用普通市售活性炭;
(4)成型剂10-50%;采用水玻璃和羊坩土。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脱氯剂,其特征在于:所述分子筛包括HZSM-5或Y型。
3.根据权利要求1所述的脱氯剂,其特征在于:所述金属元素包括Zn、Ca和Cu,以及金属元素的可溶性盐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的脱氯剂,其特征在于:所述金属元素可溶性盐包括硝酸盐或者醋酸盐。
5.根据权利要求1所述的脱氯剂,其特征在于:所述水玻璃的模数为2.2-2.5。
6.一种如权利要求1至5任一项所述常温脱氯剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将水玻璃加入搅拌机中高速搅拌;
(2)将分子筛、羊坩土、活性炭粉末与金属元素可溶性盐依次缓慢加入搅拌液,保持高速搅拌,直至胶状;
(3)挤条或造粒,干燥,在300~500℃下焙烧2~8h。
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