CN109247463A - 一种槟榔水饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种槟榔水饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109247463A CN109247463A CN201811159709.0A CN201811159709A CN109247463A CN 109247463 A CN109247463 A CN 109247463A CN 201811159709 A CN201811159709 A CN 201811159709A CN 109247463 A CN109247463 A CN 109247463A
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- Prior art keywords
- betel nut
- ginger
- water drinks
- water
- betel
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种槟榔水饮料,其包括经姜炙处理的槟榔的水提取液。本发明的槟榔水饮料可以降低化学性损伤和避免机械性损伤,同时又能具备槟榔风味和功效从而满足槟榔嗜好者的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品领域,具体涉及一种槟榔水饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
槟榔(Areca catechu L.),为棕榈科槟榔属常绿乔木槟榔的果实。别名槟榔子、大腹子、橄榄子、青仔等,有“洗瘴丹”之称,在我国主要分布于海南省。槟榔药用历史悠久,历代本草均有记载,始载于三国时期的《药录》;历版《中国药典》均有收载,被列为“四大南药”之首。据药监部门统计,我国有220余个药品或方剂含有槟榔。其用途广泛,除药用外,主要用于食用。嚼槟榔是除了烟草、酒精和咖啡因后,世界上最流行的第四种习惯;在亚洲的许多地区,均有嚼食槟榔的习惯。槟榔主要食用部位是槟榔果皮(Pericarpium Arecae,PA),约占果实三分之二以上的重量,又名大腹皮、槟榔衣、槟榔壳等,其味辛,性微温,具有行气宽中行水消肿之功效,用于治疗胸腹胀闷、水肿、脚气、小便不利、胃动力不足等症,民间可用于消暑祛湿等用途。
长期咀嚼槟榔易诱发口腔癌,这是由于:槟榔嚼块是由槟榔与多种添加物混合而成,国内常见添加物主要有胡椒科植物蒟酱的叶子(含挥发油、亚硝酸盐和多酚等成分)、熟石灰(强碱性和刺激性),这些添加成分与槟榔咀嚼使用,对口腔黏膜有严重的化学性损伤;其次,槟榔果皮纤维较硬、较多,在口中长时间咀嚼,对口腔黏膜造成强而持久的机械性损伤。双重损伤容易引起口腔黏膜纤维化、白斑、扁平苔藓等癌前病变,进而恶变为口腔癌。
因此亟需一种替代型食品,其能够降低化学性和机械性双重损伤,同时又能够满足槟榔嗜好者的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对以上要解决的技术问题,提供一种槟榔水饮料,该槟榔水饮料可以降低化学性损伤和避免机械性损伤,同时又能具备槟榔风味和功效从而满足槟榔嗜好者的需求。
为了实现以上目的,在一个方面,本发明提供了一种槟榔水饮料,其包括经姜炙处理的槟榔的水提取液。优选地,这里的经姜炙处理的槟榔的水提取液是槟榔经过姜炙处理之后,加水于30℃-60℃提取的水提取液。优选地,所述槟榔为槟榔青果(即新鲜采摘的未成熟槟榔果)。优选地,所述槟榔选取槟榔青果的果皮部分。
本文所称的“姜”是指姜科姜属(Zingiber)和/或姜科山姜属(Alpinia)中的可食用姜,例如包括但不限于生姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)或高良姜(Alpiniaofficinarum Hance)中的任意一种。
本文所称“姜炙处理”是指将处理对象(例如槟榔果皮)与姜汁(例如生姜或高良姜)拌匀并吸取姜汁后进行加热炒制的处理手段。本文所述“姜汁”即姜(例如生姜或高良姜)煮水后过滤滤渣所得之混合液体。优选地,姜汁中,姜(例如生姜或高良姜)与水的重量比为1:1。
例如,本文所称“经姜炙处理的槟榔”是指将槟榔与姜汁拌匀并吸取姜汁后进行加热炒制所得到的槟榔。特别优选的是,将槟榔青果(即新鲜采摘的未成熟槟榔果)或槟榔青果果皮与姜汁拌匀并吸取姜汁后进行加热炒制。优选槟榔青果果皮与姜汁的重量比为100:1至100:10,特别优选100:1至100:6,最优选100:3。
优选地,所述槟榔水饮料还包括添加剂。更优选地,根据本发明的槟榔水饮料由主成分和添加剂组成,所述主成分包括经姜炙处理的槟榔的水提取液。
更优选地,所述添加剂包括但不限于各种适于添加到饮料中的增稠剂、乳化剂、甜味剂、食用香精、食用色素、防腐剂、酸味剂、其他功效成分如维生素、及其任意组合等。
所述增稠剂包括但不限于果胶、结冷胶、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、脱水纤维素或其任意组合等。
所述甜味剂包括但不限于天然甜味剂和人工合成甜味剂,诸如白砂糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果葡糖浆、木糖醇、三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、甜菊糖或其任意组合等。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了一种槟榔水饮料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将槟榔进行姜炙处理;
(2)经姜炙处理的槟榔与水混合,进行提取,滤除滤渣,得到水提取液。
优选地,所述水为可食用水,例如纯净水。
优选地,在该方法中,步骤(1)中,所述槟榔为槟榔青果(即新鲜采摘的未成熟槟榔果),更优选为槟榔青果的果皮,其优选将槟榔青果切开弃除内核和杂质得到果皮。
优选地,在该方法中,步骤(1)中,将姜汁与槟榔拌匀,闷润至姜汁吸尽,再将已吸尽姜汁的槟榔文火加热炒至表面呈现黄色。
优选地,姜汁的用量为槟榔重量的1%至10%,特别优选1%至6%,最优选3%。
优选地,在该方法中,步骤(2)中,所述经姜炙处理的槟榔与水的重量比为1:15至1:25。
优选地,在该方法中,步骤(2)中,在30℃-60℃的温度下进行提取。
优选地,所述方法还包括向水提取液中加入适量添加剂,包括但不限于各种适于添加到饮料中的增稠剂、乳化剂、甜味剂、食用香精、食用色素、防腐剂、酸味剂、其他功效成分如维生素、及其任意组合等。
优选地,所述方法还包括灭菌步骤,优选的超高压灭菌(300-400Mpa,5-15min),其适用于食品加工技术领域,从而在杀灭细菌的同时有利于保护产品中含有的多酚、黄酮等抗氧化物质及槟榔碱免遭高温的破坏。
与现有技术相比,本发明的槟榔水饮料能够避免原料过度加工,更方便食用,也避免了槟榔对口腔的机械性损害,维持了槟榔嗜好者的健康,能够更大限度地保存槟榔中的活性指标物质——槟榔碱,提高抗氧化能力,保持其产品仍具有槟榔原有的风味和功效,产品有股淡淡的姜香味,入口更适宜,适应性更广,槟榔风味效果更突出。此外,槟榔通过姜炙(例如生姜炙或高良姜炙)处理,可以有效降低槟榔的峻猛行气利水之性,减少耗气伤阴之弊。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,这些实施例仅用来说明本发明,并不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
净选新鲜采摘的槟榔青果,切开弃除内核和杂质,留取槟榔果皮备用。选取生姜切粒,煮水,生姜与水的重量比例为1:1。煮开后,文火再煎煮10-20min。所得姜汁呈金黄色。所得姜汁加入上述槟榔果皮拌匀,闷润至姜汁吸尽。其中槟榔果皮与姜汁的重量比为100:3。再将已吸尽姜汁的槟榔果皮置锅内文火加热炒至表面呈现黄色,即得经姜炙处理的槟榔果皮。
将上述经姜炙处理的槟榔果皮与纯净水按重量比1:15混合,30℃恒温提取3h,滤去滤渣,得到水提取液。
所得水提取液加入适量甜味剂果葡糖浆(2wt%)进行调味,进行超高压灭菌(300-400Mpa,5-15min),灌装即得经姜炙处理的槟榔水饮料。
实施例2
净选新鲜采摘的槟榔青果,切开弃除内核和杂质,留取果皮备用。选取高良姜切粒,煮水,高良姜与水的重量比例为1:1。煮开后,文火再煎煮10-20min。所得姜汁呈红棕色。所得姜汁加入上述槟榔果皮拌匀,闷润至姜汁吸尽。其中槟榔果皮与姜汁的重量比为100:3。再将已吸尽姜汁的槟榔果皮置锅内文火加热炒至表面呈现黄色,即得经姜炙处理的槟榔果皮。
将上述经姜炙处理的槟榔果皮与纯净水按重量比1:25混合,60℃恒温提取1.5h,滤去滤渣,得到水提取液。
所得水提取液加入适量甜味剂果葡糖浆(2wt%)进行调味,进行超高压灭菌(300-400Mpa,5-15min),灌装即得经姜炙处理的槟榔水饮料。
对比例1
净选新鲜采摘的槟榔青果,切开弃除内核和杂质,留取果皮备用。
将槟榔果皮与纯净水按重量比1:20混合,于50℃恒温提取2h,滤去滤渣。
所得水提取液加入适量甜味剂果葡糖浆(2wt%)进行调味,进行超高压灭菌(300-400Mpa,5-15min),灌装即得未炒制槟榔水饮料。
对比例2
净选新鲜采摘的槟榔青果,切开弃除内核和杂质,留取果皮备用。
将槟榔果皮置锅内文火加热炒至表面呈现黄色,即得炒制槟榔。
将炒制槟榔与纯净水按重量比1:20混合,于50℃恒温提取2h,滤去滤渣。
所得水提取液加入适量甜味剂果葡糖浆(2wt%)进行调味,进行超高压灭菌(300-400Mpa,5-15min),灌装即得不加姜炒制槟榔水饮料。
活性成分比较
1、总黄酮检测条件如下:
以芦丁为标准对照品,,质量浓度为纵坐标,吸光度为横坐标回归标准曲线,得到回归方程为:y=0.9746x+0.0253(R2=0.9981)
2、多酚检测条件如下:
以没食子酸为标准对照品,质量浓度为纵坐标,吸光度为横坐标回归标准曲线,得到回归方程为:y=116.99x+0.0255(R2=0.9989)
3、槟榔碱检测条件如下:
以α-蒎烯为内标,通过气质联用法检测不同实施例和对比例中槟榔碱的含量,通过公式进行计算。
活性成分检测结果如以下表1所示。
表1不同实施例与对比例的槟榔水饮料的活性成分比较
由表1可见,实施例1和实施例2中的活性成分(总黄酮、多酚)含量均高于对比例1及对比例2,槟榔碱的含量高于对比例2但稍低于对比例1,这是因为在姜炙过程中由于加热而挥发部分槟榔碱成分。本发明的槟榔水饮料能在降低或免除化学和机械损伤的同时,保留更多的活性成分。
抗氧化能力评价
1、清除DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)自由基法
将不同实施例和对比例的槟榔水饮料样品2mL与2mL DPPH乙醇溶液混匀,于暗处反应30min,于517nm下测定吸光度值为A1;2mL水与2mL DPPH乙醇溶液混匀,测定吸光度值为A2;2mL不同实施例和对比例的饮料与2mL水混匀,测定吸光度值为A3。清除DPPH自由基能力用半抑制浓度(DPPH IC50)表示,IC50越小,自由基清除能力越强。
2、清除ABTS(2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐)自由基法
将ABTS用蒸馏水溶解,配制成7mmol/L的溶液,与2.45mmol/L的K2S2O8溶液混合,暗处放置12h以上,使用时用甲醇稀释使吸光度在734nm处为0.78~0.82,待用。将不同实施例和对比例的槟榔水饮料样品配置初始浓度为2.0mg/mL。取10μL样品加入200μL ABTS自由基工作液混匀测定吸光度。清除ABTS自由基能力用半抑制浓度(ABTS IC50)表示,IC50越小,自由基清除能力越强。
3、FRAP还原Fe3+法(铁离子还原/抗氧化能力法)
将不同实施例和对比例槟榔水饮料样品用甲醇配制成样品溶液,取10μL样品加入试管中,随后加入200μL新鲜配制的TPTZ(三吡啶基三嗪)工作液,混匀,37℃反应30min后,在595nm测定吸光度,计算还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC),TEAC越大,还原能力越强。
抗氧化能力检测结果如以下表2所示。
表2不同实施例与对比例的槟榔水饮料的抗氧化能力比较
由表2可见,实施例1和实施例2的抗DPPH和ABTS自由基能力均强于对比例1和对比例2,还原Fe3+的能力也远高于对比例1和对比例2。
风味数据
通过使用固相微萃取和GC-MS,检测实施例1、实施例2、对比例1和对比例2的槟榔水饮料中的风味成分。
检测仪器如下:QP2010-Plus气相色谱-质谱联用仪,AOC-5000三合一自动进样器及GCMS Real Time Analysis色谱工作站(日本岛津公司);SPME萃取头divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane(聚二乙烯苯/碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅氧烷),DVB/CAR/PDMS,50/30μm(美国Supelco公司)。
1.固相微萃取条件
萃取头在使用前,预老化1h。分别称取A4.0g,B-E 1.0g,分别加入内标溶液(α-蒎烯900μg/mL)100μL置于20mL顶空进样瓶中。首先将进样瓶放置在90℃温度控制搅拌器中以250r/min转速动态平衡10min;再在上述条件下将萃取头插入进样瓶动态萃取20min;然后GC-MS进样,解吸温度250℃,解吸时间5min,平行进样三次。
2.GC-MS条件
GC条件:色谱柱:Rtx-5ms毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm);升温程序:70℃保持2min,以10℃/min升至130℃,保持2min,再以15℃/min升至280℃,保持2min;进样口温度280℃;载气(He)流速1mL/min;压力57.4kPa;不分流进样。
MS条件:电子轰击(EI)离子源;离子源温度230℃;接口温度280℃;溶剂延迟3min;数据采集方式Scan;质量扫描范围m/z 35~550;检测器增益电压1.34kV。
检测结果如图1至图4所示。其中,图1是实施例1的GC-MS检测结果。图2是实施例2的GC-MS检测结果。图3是对比例1的GC-MS检测结果。图4是对比例2的GC-MS检测结果。
不同实施例与对比例的槟榔水饮料的活性成分相对含量如以下表3所示。
由表3可见,实施例1和实施例2的槟榔水饮料所含有的活性成分比对比例1和对比例2的槟榔水饮料更为丰富。
表3不同实施例与对比例的槟榔水饮料的活性成分相对含量比较
感官评价实验
实验步骤:随机选取受试人数20人,对实施例1、实施例2、对照例1、对照例2的槟榔水饮料分别进行试饮后的风味感官评定,结果(综合平均值)如下表4所示。
表4不同实施例与对比例的槟榔水饮料的风味感官评定分数
实施例1:姜味清香,饮之无涩感,后味有少许姜香。
实施例2:特殊高良姜香味,饮之无涩感,后味有少许清凉感。
对比例1:有槟榔青果味,饮用涩感,后味不怡。
对比例2:有少许焦香味,饮之无涩感,后味不怡。
Claims (10)
1.一种槟榔水饮料,其特征在于:包括经姜炙处理的槟榔的水提取液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的槟榔水饮料,其特征在于,所述槟榔水饮料还包括添加剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的槟榔水饮料,其特征在于,所述经姜炙处理的槟榔是将槟榔与姜汁拌匀并吸取姜汁后进行加热炒制所得到的槟榔。
4.根据权利要求3所述的槟榔水饮料,其特征在于,所述经姜炙处理的槟榔中,姜汁的用量为槟榔重量的1%至10%。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的槟榔水饮料,其特征在于,所述姜为生姜或高良姜。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的槟榔水饮料,其特征在于,所述水提取液中,所述经姜炙处理的槟榔与水的重量比为1:15至1:25。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的槟榔水饮料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将槟榔进行姜炙处理;
(2)经姜炙处理的槟榔与水混合,进行提取,滤除滤渣,得到水提取液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,在30℃-60℃的温度下进行提取。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括向所述水提取液中加入适量添加剂。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括灭菌步骤。
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