CN109220596B

CN109220596B - Seedling raising method for improved perilla seeds

Info

Publication number: CN109220596B
Application number: CN201810986121.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁正杰; 申杰; 雷美艳; 杨天建; 余中莲; 全健
Original assignee: CHONGQING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINAL PLANT CULTIVATION
Current assignee: CHONGQING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINAL PLANT CULTIVATION
Priority date: 2018-08-28
Filing date: 2018-08-28
Publication date: 2021-01-29
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-28
Also published as: CN109220596A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for improved purple perilla seeds. The method comprises the following steps: seed pretreatment, seedbed building and field management; the method specifically comprises the steps of applying imidacloprid or propineb seed dressing agent to the perilla improved seed, so that the occurrence of seedling diseases can be effectively reduced; the propineb and the imidacloprid are sprayed once in advance one day before the seedlings are transplanted, so that the capability of resisting diseases and insect pests after the seedlings are transplanted can be effectively improved. The method adopts a seeding and seedling raising method, explores the optimal production time of seeding and reasonable water and fertilizer amount, improves the seedling emergence rate and quality, enhances the self resistance of plants, and provides a seedling raising technology with strong operability for production. By adopting the cultivation method, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced on the premise of improving the germination rate of perilla seeds, and the cultivation method has important significance for improving the per mu yield of perilla leaves.

Description

Seedling raising method for improved perilla seeds

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for improved purple perilla seeds.

Background

Perilla (L.) Britton, also known as Perilla and beefsteak, is an annual herb of the family labiatae and is widely distributed throughout the country. The perilla has the effects of depressing qi, eliminating phlegm, relieving asthma, moistening intestines and the like, belongs to the first medicinal plant which is determined by the ministry of health of China and has the functions of food, medicine and health care, and is widely applied to medicines, health-care food and food additives.

The perilla is a new annual herbaceous plant strain of Labiatae, the medicinal part is mature leaves, the volatile oil content of the perilla is obviously higher than that of a commercially available perilla leaf medicinal material, and the perilla contains perillaldehyde, perillyl alcohol, menthone, menthol, eugenol, stachyosene and the like, so that the perilla has the characteristics of high volatile oil content, good taste and high yield. The content of the volatile oil in the fresh leaves is up to 5.08 per mill (the content of the volatile oil is up to 2.7 percent calculated according to dry leaves). Is far higher than the standard of 0.4 percent of the content of the volatile oil in the dry leaves in 2015 edition of pharmacopoeia. Is a traditional Chinese medicine for sweating, relieving cough, invigorating stomach and promoting urination, has the functions of easing pain, calming, detoxifying, treating cold and the like, and is one of the main raw materials of Taiji ageratum liquid.

The problems of serious disease occurrence, low rate of emergence and the like mainly exist in the production of the conventional cultivated perilla strain, the yield and quality of commercial perilla leaves are greatly influenced, and the planting enthusiasm of farmers is frustrated. At present, no seedling raising method for improved perilla seeds exists.

Therefore, the development of a seedling raising method of improved perilla frutescens seeds and a high-quality planting technology of perilla frutescens is realized, the emergence rate and the emergence quality are improved, the disease resistance of plants is improved, and the important significance is realized on the increase of the acre yield of perilla leaves.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a seedling growing method for improved perilla seeds.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a seedling raising method for improved perilla seeds comprises the following steps:

1) seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain and mechanical-damage-free purple perilla improved seed, mixing the seed with a seed-dressing agent, and airing for later use;

2) building a seedbed: selecting slightly acidic high humus loam or loose fertile sandy loam, cultivating seedlings in plots with good irrigation and drainage conditions and sufficient illumination, and applying 20-40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and urea respectively;

3) field management: after the 5cm ground temperature of the seedbed soil is stabilized above 15 ℃, watering 90-120 kg/mu of seedbed, broadcasting seeds on the seedbed and covering a mulching film; uncovering the film after the emergence rate reaches more than 90 percent, transplanting after the seedlings are 10cm high, and spraying a pesticide composition for preventing plant diseases and insect pests before the transplantation;

the seed dressing agent in the step 1) comprises imidacloprid or propineb; and 3) the pesticide composition for preventing the plant diseases and insect pests comprises imidacloprid and propineb.

Imidacloprid is a nitromethylene systemic insecticide, is an action body of a nicotine acetylcholine receptor, interferes with a motor nervous system of pests to cause the failure of chemical signal transmission, and has no cross resistance problem. Is used for preventing and controlling piercing-sucking mouthpart pests and resistant strains thereof. The chemical name is 1- (6-chloropyridine-3-pyridylmethyl) -N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylamine.

Propineb is a broad-spectrum, quick-acting, protective fungicide, otherwise known by the name of antasheng. The preparation is 70% propineb wettable powder. Chemical name: zinc propenyl bisdithiocarbamate.

The invention explores the influence of different seed dressings on the emergence rate, the incidence rate of black nevus and the growth condition of later-stage plants after the seeds are pretreated, and finally obtains the seed dressings imidacloprid and propineb which can improve the emergence rate of the seeds, effectively reduce the incidence rate of black nevus and have good growth condition of later-stage plants, and the appropriate dosage of the imidacloprid and the propineb.

Spraying agents before transplanting, namely spraying 1500-fold liquid of 60% imidacloprid and 800-fold liquid of 70% propineb before transplanting, and finding that after spraying propineb and imidacloprid once respectively before transplanting, the incidence rate of black nevus is reduced to below 10% in the whole growth process of the purple perilla plant, so that the incidence rate of black nevus is greatly reduced.

As a preferable scheme, the using amount is 23-28 g/mu,

preferably, the dosage of the seed dressing agent imidacloprid is 2.4-4.2g per kilogram of seeds.

Further, it is preferred that the seed dressing agent imidacloprid is used in an amount of 2.4g per kg of seeds.

Preferably, the imidacloprid is 60% (m/V) imidacloprid, and the preferable dosage is 4-7ml 60% (m/V) imidacloprid/kg seeds. Further, it is preferably 4ml of 60% (m/V) imidacloprid/kg of seeds.

Preferably, the dosage of the seed dressing agent propineb is 2.1-3.5g per kilogram of seeds.

Further, the seed dressing agent propineb is preferably used in an amount of 2.8g per kg of seeds.

Preferably, the propineb is 70% (m/V) propineb, and in this case, the amount of the propineb used is preferably 3 to 5ml 70% (m/V) propineb/kg seed. Further, it is preferably 4ml of 70% (m/V) propineb/kg seed.

The disease of the purple perilla planting base is serious, and the pathogens of the leaf curl disease and the spot blight are not known so far, but researches show that the leaf curl disease can improve the self resistance of plants through cultivation technical measures such as standard seedling raising, reasonable water and fertilizer and the like, so that the disease is delayed, and the first purple perilla leaf picking yield is not influenced.

Through test exploration, the specific seedling raising measures provided by the invention comprise: killing underground pests in advance, applying enough base fertilizer and the like, ensuring sufficient fertility of a seedbed, reducing the occurrence of pests in the seedling stage and improving the quality after seedling emergence. The purple perilla improved seed bed of the invention is applied with 20-40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and urea respectively, preferably 30 kg/mu, and the effect of improving the rate of emergence and the quality of emergence can be achieved.

The test address of the invention is Fuling area in Chongqing, and the sowing time of the improved purple perilla seeds is related to the incidence rate of leaf curl, the seedling stage is good in growth, the leaf curl is low and the obtained total biomass is high when the sowing time is from 2 late months to 3 months.

As a preferable scheme, the dosage of the compound fertilizer and the urea is 30 kg/mu.

As a preferable scheme, the height of the seedbed is 30-40cm, the width of the compartment surface of the seedbed is 120cm, a field management channel is arranged between the compartment surfaces, and the width is 20 cm.

Preferably, the soil insect pest insecticide is applied to the seedbed 15 to 20 days before sowing.

Further, the pest insecticide is a 1500-time solution of golden armor.

As a preferable scheme, the seedling raising position is in Chongqing city, and the sowing time is 2 months, 20 days to 3 months and 10 days.

In conclusion, the seedling raising method of the improved perilla frutescens seeds improves the rate of emergence and the quality of emergence, improves the disease resistance of plants, and has important significance for improving the acre yield of perilla frutescens leaves.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide the purple perilla improved variety seedling cultivated by the first seedling cultivating method.

The invention also aims to provide a seed dressing agent for reducing the incidence rate of purple perilla black nevus, which has obvious effect on reducing the incidence rate of black nevus and has important significance on improving the quality of perilla leaves and the acre yield of the perilla leaves.

the seed dressing agent for reducing the incidence rate of purple perilla black nevus disease is characterized by comprising imidacloprid and propineb, wherein the weight ratio of imidacloprid to propineb is (2.4-4.2): 2.1-3.5.

Preferably, the seed dressing agent contains 70% (m/V) of propineb and 60% (m/V) of imidacloprid.

Further, the volume ratio of 70% (m/V) propineb to 60% (m/V) imidacloprid in the seed dressing agent is 1: 1.

The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the seed dressing agent of the third purpose in reducing the incidence rate of purple perilla black nevus.

purpose three the application of the seed dressing agent in reducing the incidence rate of purple perilla black nevus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) selecting full-grained perilla seeds without mechanical damage, soaking the seeds by adopting a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or a 10% trisodium phosphate solution, and then cleaning;

2) and (3) after dressing the seeds with the seed dressing agent of the third objective, airing for later use.

Preferably, the seed dressing agent is used in the amount of 2.4-4.2g imidacloprid/kg seed and 2.1-3.5g propineb/kg seed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the seedling raising method of the improved perilla seed provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

1) the seed dressing agent contains imidacloprid and propineb, can effectively reduce the incidence rate of black nevus on the premise of improving the emergence rate of seeds, and has good growth condition of later-stage plants;

2) spraying a pesticide for preventing plant diseases and insect pests before transplanting, wherein the pesticide comprises imidacloprid and propineb, so that the incidence rate of black nevus is greatly reduced;

3) through technical measures of standard seedling raising, sufficient base fertilizer application and the like, the occurrence of leaf curl is reduced, and the emergence rate is improved and reaches over 90 percent;

4) the purple perilla improved variety high-quality seedling raising technology developed by the invention can improve the emergence rate and the disease resistance of purple perilla, and has important significance for improving the acre yield of purple perilla leaves.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the seeding time and total biomass trend in the harvesting period.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The experimental methods of the preferred embodiments, which do not indicate specific conditions, are generally performed according to conventional conditions, and the examples are given for better illustration of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention.

The test variety is a medicinal purple perilla improved variety TJ-9.

EXAMPLE 1 selection of Agents

1. Method of producing a composite material

The respective agents and the treatment methods are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Agents and methods of treatment

2. Results

The rate of emergence was counted seven days after sowing, as follows.

TABLE 2 results of the drug treatment experiments

Test No. 1 shows high emergence rate and vigorous growth.

Test number 2 has high emergence rate and good growth vigor, and biomass statistics shows that the biomass is higher and the overall growth condition has obvious advantages.

Test number 3 shows good seedling emergence, good growth vigor in the early stage, the incidence rate of black nevus (tentative) is up to 30% when the seedlings emerge for 2 months, and the disease in the later stage tends to be aggravated.

Test No. 4 shows that the emergence rate is about 12%, and seedlings in later period are strong and grow well.

Test No. 5 shows that the emergence rate is about 10 percent, and the growth vigor is good in later period.

Test No. 6 shows that the emergence rate is about 12 percent, and the growth vigor is good in later period.

Test No. 7 shows that the emergence rate is more than 90%, and the growth vigor is good in later period. The incidence rate of late stage black nevus is about 10%, which is equivalent to No. 10.

The emergence rate of the test number 8 is about 40%, the seed dressing concentration of 70% thiamethoxam is high, the pesticide damage is caused, and the emergence rate is influenced to a certain extent.

The emergence rate of test number 9 is about 40%, the seed dressing concentration of fludioxonil (25g/L) is high, the influence of phytotoxicity exists, and the emergence rate is influenced to a certain extent.

Test number 10 70% propineb and 60% imidacloprid are sprayed before transplantation, and the incidence rate of black nevus is less than 10% in the whole growth process.

And (4) conclusion: firstly, the seed emergence condition after seed dressing is adopted, and 60 percent of imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent and 70 percent of propineb wettable powder are obviously superior to those of an untreated nursery; ② the seed dressing agent has imidacloprid dosage of 2.4-4.2g per kilogram of seeds, or propineb dosage of 2.8g per kilogram of seeds, the incidence of black nevus disease is reduced; and thirdly, 70 percent of propineb and 60 percent of imidacloprid are sprayed one time each day before the seedlings are transplanted, so that the disease resistance after the seedlings are transplanted can be effectively improved.

Example 2 Effect of seeding time on incidence of leaf curl and Total Biomass

1. Method of producing a composite material

Sowing the seeds respectively at 16 days in 2 months, 4 days in 3 months, 19 days in 3 months and 2 days in 4 months, and counting the relationship between the sowing time and the occurrence of the leaf curl disease and the total biomass.

2. Results

1) The relationship between the sowing time and the incidence of leaf curl is shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Effect of sowing time on the occurrence of leaf curl symptoms

2) The relationship between seeding time and total biomass harvested is shown in FIG. 1.

And (4) conclusion: on the premise of low incidence of leaf curl, the total biomass obtained by sowing in the last 3 to last 2 months is high.

Example 3 Effect of reasonable Water and Fertilizer on emergence rate and leaf curl

1. Method of producing a composite material

Uniformly spreading the seeds on the watered and fertilized seedbed and the film in 2016 for 2, 16 days, and germinating for 7-10 days. Transplanting in cloudy days or afternoon in sunny days when the seedlings are 15cm high in the last ten days of 4 months, intertilling, weeding and fertilizing after transplanting, and the cultivation management measures are consistent.

The influence of the watering amount and the fertilizing amount on the emergence rate and the leaf curl disease incidence rate of the improved perilla seeds during seedling culture is explored, and the specific treatment method and the result are shown in a table 4:

TABLE 4 influence of different watering and fertilizing amounts on emergence rate and incidence rate of leaf curl disease

And (4) conclusion: the purple perilla improved variety seedbed is applied with 20-40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and urea respectively, preferably 30 kg/mu, the watering amount is 90-120 kg/mu, the emergence rate reaches 90%, and the incidence rate of leaf curl disease is obviously reduced.

In conclusion, the seedling raising method of the improved perilla seed provided by the invention can effectively reduce the incidence rate of black nevus and leaf curl disease on the premise of improving the emergence rate of seeds, and the growth condition of plants at the later stage is good: through technical measures of standard seedling raising, sufficient base fertilizer application, proper sowing time selection and the like, the emergence rate is improved, and the occurrence of leaf curl is reduced; by using the seed dressing agent and applying a proper medicament before transplanting, the emergence rate is improved, and the incidence rate of black nevus is reduced. The seedling raising method has important significance for improving the disease resistance of improved perilla seeds and the acre yield of perilla leaves.

Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seedling raising method for improved perilla seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2) building a seedbed: selecting slightly acidic high-humus loam or loose fertile sandy loam, cultivating seedlings in plots with good irrigation and drainage conditions and sufficient illumination, applying 20-40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and urea respectively, and applying underground pest insecticide to seedbeds 15-20 days before sowing, wherein the pest insecticide is a 1500-time solution of golden armor;

3) field management: after the 5cm ground temperature of the seedbed soil is stabilized above 15 ℃, watering the seedbed, wherein the watering amount per mu is 90-120kg, broadcasting seeds on the seedbed and covering a mulching film; uncovering the film after the emergence rate reaches more than 90 percent, transplanting after the seedlings are 10cm high, and spraying a pesticide composition for preventing plant diseases and insect pests in advance one day before the transplantation; the seedling raising position is in Chongqing city, and the sowing time is 2 months, 20 days to 3 months and 10 days;

the seed dressing agent in the step 1) comprises imidacloprid and/or propineb, wherein the dosage of the imidacloprid is 2.4-4.2g per kilogram of seeds, and the dosage of the propineb is 2.1-3.5g per kilogram of seeds; and 3) the pesticide composition for preventing the plant diseases and insect pests comprises imidacloprid and propineb.

2. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the perilla improved seed is subjected to seed soaking treatment before seed dressing treatment, specifically: soaking seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 min or 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 min, and cleaning.

3. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the amounts of the compound fertilizer and the urea are 30 kg/mu.

4. Seedlings of an elite perilla variety cultivated according to the method of claim 1.