CN1092163A - 体温计 - Google Patents
体温计 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1092163A CN1092163A CN93118124A CN93118124A CN1092163A CN 1092163 A CN1092163 A CN 1092163A CN 93118124 A CN93118124 A CN 93118124A CN 93118124 A CN93118124 A CN 93118124A CN 1092163 A CN1092163 A CN 1092163A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/20—Clinical contact thermometers for use with humans or animals
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
- G01K5/02—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a liquid
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- G01K5/12—Selection of liquid compositions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
- G01K5/02—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a liquid
- G01K5/22—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a liquid with provision for expansion indicating over not more than a few degrees
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- G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
- G01K5/02—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a liquid
- G01K5/22—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a liquid with provision for expansion indicating over not more than a few degrees
- G01K5/225—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a liquid with provision for expansion indicating over not more than a few degrees with means for indicating a maximum, e.g. a constriction in the capillary tube
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
将无毒易熔镓合金作为测量管13内部的测量
液体14且有最大功能的体温计,其中镓合金的附着
力大于液体14中固有的粘着力。因此,为了达到最
大功能,通常的Hick′sche缩颈结构不需任何其它
简化的上述体温计的生产和控制。此外,描述了一种
特别的镓/铟/锡合金,该合金不仅用于体温计且用
作润滑剂。
Description
本发明涉及的体温计,具有最大的功能和适用于该体温计的易溶混合物。
为了获得最大的功能,传统类型的体温计都充有汞且在显示被测温度的水银球和读数管或测量管之间有一缩颈,该体温计具有使进入测量管的汞线在冷却下降过程中与管壁分离的作用。
汞有很大的毒性而且因健康和环境原因而不能碰它。
此外,在制造体温计时,需要另一道工序来形成有一定精度要求的颈结构以便得到所需的内截面,该截面应该较小以利于汞线分离,但由于需保证汞线退回所以该截面又不能太小。
在US-PS3872729中提出了一种没有缩颈难题和在测量管的内测量管的内测涂覆涂层以确保所需附着力的体温计,然而这种测量管的生产非常昂贵且通常不很实用。此外,这种温度计还是需要使用有毒的汞。
迄今为止,所有试图生产无汞体温计的努力都没有成功,这首先是因为其达不到最大的功能。同样,DE-PS453,454、DE-PS454,213和EB-PS246843中提出的体温计也是不适用的,这种体温计使用了有铟和无铟的镓。这种体温计的缺点是,它们的测量液在低温下会产生固化,这在一定环境下会导致体温度的破碎。
在使用SU-PS279108中的测量液时也会出现同样的问题。
因此,具体地说本发明的目的是提供一种具有最功能的体温计,该体温计易于使用,易生产且从健康和环境的角度束看是无害的。
根据本发明,上述问题的解决方法是根据所需使用含有65-95%(重量)镓、含有5-22%(重量)的铟和含有0-11%(重量)的锡的易熔合金。
使用易熔镓合金作为测量液是非常重要的,因为这种测量液具有无毒的特征。此外,这种液体具有低熔点和高汽化点,因此能够满足体温计的要求。
在这种组合物的范围内附聚液体的液体状态可以在通常条件下从-15℃延续到+1800℃,镓、铟和如果需要的话,锡最好是合金元素,因为合金元素有特别低的易熔点。此外,这种合金能够导电所以它也适合作为接触式体温计的实施例。
根据本发明权利要求2所述的另一个实施例,易熔合金可以包括含有高达2%(重量)的铋和高达2%(重量)的锑,锑产生抗氧化能力而铋对合金的流动性有积极的影响。此外,锑和铋与锡一样是很容易得到且不贵的物质,而镓和铟则是昂贵的。二种附加元素锑和铋其中之一的含量大于2%(重量)时会引起明显的和不希望出现的熔点升高。
为了使用于测量和读数的液体保持在测量管的最大润湿位置上,测量管内侧的附着力必须大于作用于液体的粘着力。在其它的体温计中,这是通过将水涂在测量管与液体相接触的表面周围而实现的。这种水涂层最好是小于通常保持在测量管表面上的永久水涂层,以便形成沉积在测量管表面上的薄的镓氧化层,增加测量管内侧的附着力。由此,可以得到一种不需要传统缩颈结构的体温计,它不仅可以简化生产而且还可以控制体温计使测量线精确返回。
按照本发明体温计的一个可实施的实例,其测量管由玻璃制成。该测量管可是非圆环形的,最好是扁平一椭圆形或月牙形的截面。这些特征的作用是增加测量液体和测量管之间的附着力并由此保证在温度下降时使液体线在测量管中保持在所需的位置上从而达到最大的功能。
根据权利要求5,实际测量管通过一个最好是具有圆环形截面的开口区域连接到水银球上以减少该处的附着力。这形成了最大功能的高度操作可能性。
具有扁平或月牙形截面的测量管的体温计是公知的。然而迄今为止这种截面形状只是用于加宽和改进汞线的可读性而不是增加附着力。
根据权力要求6和7,体温计的外壁上,例如在封闭管的玻璃壳上可以设有夹紧元件,该元件是通过将几个玻璃本表面熔接到玻璃壳上形成的以便改善体温计的夹紧。最好是将所述熔接的玻璃体表面布置成围在玻璃壳周围一圈或多圈的形式。如果使用起来标志作用的,例如显示测量范围的标志或标记的彩色玻璃体或玻璃,也可以获得填有无毒液体的体温计。
今人惊奇的是已经发现,含有68-69%(重量)的镓、21-22%(重量)的铟和9.5-10.5%(重量)的锡的易熔混合物由于其具有特殊的性能而可以用于各种其它场合。这种易熔混合物例如适用于在特别是真空下,高真空下和超高真空下作为润滑剂。
如果可能的话,本发明的易熔混合物应该只有少量杂质,例如少于0.001%(重量),最好是少于0.001%(重量)的铝或锌。
所述的新的易熔混合物的重要特征在于它在常压和大气条件下具有大约-19.5℃的低熔点。此外,其汽化点高于1800℃。
下列附图表示本发明体温计的一个实施例,其中,
图1表示前视图,和
图2表示沿图1中Ⅱ-Ⅱ线的剖面图。
按照附图,玻璃壳10将水银球11封闭,且测量管设在过渡区12元上。水银球11中充有所述的易熔镓合金14,如图1所示,易熔镓合金在测量管13内作为温度增加的函数上升到一定高度。外壳的测量管区上设有标尺15。
如图2所示,测量管13具有接近于月牙形的椭圆截面以增加液体14和测量管13之间的附着力。过渡区12有一个最好是圆环形截面的开口以减少该区域的附着力而确保最大功能。
在与水银球11相对的端部附近将10块小的不规则玻璃体表面16熔接到外壳10的外侧在外壳10的周围形成包围圈。该圈不仅改善了对外壳10这个区域中的夹紧且还可以用作彩色编码。
Claims (10)
1、具有水银球(11)和含液体(14)的测量管(13)的体温计,其特征在于,液体(14)是易熔合金,该合金包含65-95%(重量)的镓,5-22%(重量)的铟,和如果需要,0-11%(重量)的锡。
2、如权利要求1所述体温计,其特征在于,该合金含有高达2%(重量)的铋和高达2%(重量)的锑。
3、如权利要求1或2所述体温计,其特征在于,在与液体(14)相接触的测量管(13)的表面上有一水涂层,形成薄镓氧化层。
4、如权利要求3所述体温计,其特征在于,水涂层小于永久水涂层。
5、如权利要求1-4之一所述的体温度,其特征在于,测量管(13)具有非圆环形最好是扁平一椭圆或月牙形截面且通过具有圆环形截面的区域(12)与水银球(11)相连。
6、如权利要求1-5之一所述体温计,其特征在于,将测量管(13)封闭在设有夹紧元件的玻璃壳(10)中,夹紧元件由几个玻璃体表面(16)熔接到壳体(10)上形成。
7、如权利要求6所述体温计,其特征在于,熔接的玻璃体表面(16)设置成在外壳(10)周围至少围成一圈的形式。
8、一种易熔混合物,其中包含68-69%(重量)的镓、21-22%(重量)的铟和9.5-
10.5(重量)的锡。
9、如权利要求8所述易熔混合物,其特征在于,杂质例如铝或锌的量小于0.001%(重量)最好是小于0.0001%(重量)。
10、如权利要求8或9的易熔混合物的应用,它们在特别是真空、高真空或超高真空条件下用作润滑剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4227434A DE4227434C2 (de) | 1992-08-19 | 1992-08-19 | Fieberthermometer |
DEP4227434.6 | 1992-08-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1092163A true CN1092163A (zh) | 1994-09-14 |
CN1039162C CN1039162C (zh) | 1998-07-15 |
Family
ID=6465874
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN93118124A Expired - Lifetime CN1039162C (zh) | 1992-08-19 | 1993-08-18 | 体温计及其低共熔合金 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US5800060A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0657023B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2574658B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1039162C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE139836T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9307101A (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ284370B6 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE4227434C2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0657023T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2089838T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2125111C1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1994004895A1 (zh) |
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-
1992
- 1992-08-19 DE DE4227434A patent/DE4227434C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-08-16 EP EP93918883A patent/EP0657023B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-16 DK DK93918883.5T patent/DK0657023T3/da active
- 1993-08-16 US US08/387,921 patent/US5800060A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-16 WO PCT/DE1993/000736 patent/WO1994004895A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1993-08-16 AT AT93918883T patent/ATE139836T1/de active
- 1993-08-16 DE DE59303089T patent/DE59303089D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-16 RU RU95111131A patent/RU2125111C1/ru active
- 1993-08-16 CZ CZ95394A patent/CZ284370B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-16 JP JP6505768A patent/JP2574658B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-16 BR BR9307101A patent/BR9307101A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-08-16 ES ES93918883T patent/ES2089838T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-18 CN CN93118124A patent/CN1039162C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-12-30 US US09/001,048 patent/US6019509A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104711470A (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 杭州龙灿液态金属科技有限公司 | 一种镓基室温液态合金 |
CN104711470B (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2018-05-04 | 杭州龙灿液态金属科技有限公司 | 一种镓基室温液态合金 |
CN104180916A (zh) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-03 | 嘉兴福宁医疗器械有限公司 | 一种无汞玻璃体温计及生产方法 |
CN104180916B (zh) * | 2014-08-20 | 2017-10-24 | 嘉兴福宁医疗器械有限公司 | 一种无汞玻璃体温计的制作方法 |
CN105062613A (zh) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-11-18 | 清华大学 | 一种润滑剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN105973489A (zh) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-09-28 | 深圳市大材液态金属科技有限公司 | 一种低表面粘附性的液态金属及其在温度计中的应用 |
CN108315085A (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-07-24 | 云南靖创液态金属热控技术研发有限公司 | 一种耐高温液态金属极压润滑剂及其制备方法 |
CN108315085B (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2021-02-02 | 云南靖创液态金属热控技术研发有限公司 | 一种耐高温液态金属极压润滑剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1994004895A1 (de) | 1994-03-03 |
CN1039162C (zh) | 1998-07-15 |
CZ39495A3 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
DE4227434A1 (de) | 1994-02-24 |
US5800060A (en) | 1998-09-01 |
RU2125111C1 (ru) | 1999-01-20 |
JPH07507142A (ja) | 1995-08-03 |
EP0657023A1 (de) | 1995-06-14 |
DK0657023T3 (da) | 1996-11-04 |
RU95111131A (ru) | 1996-12-27 |
BR9307101A (pt) | 1999-03-30 |
ATE139836T1 (de) | 1996-07-15 |
DE4227434C2 (de) | 1994-08-18 |
CZ284370B6 (cs) | 1998-11-11 |
EP0657023B1 (de) | 1996-06-26 |
ES2089838T3 (es) | 1996-10-01 |
US6019509A (en) | 2000-02-01 |
JP2574658B2 (ja) | 1997-01-22 |
DE59303089D1 (de) | 1996-08-01 |
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