CN109197343B - Green planting method of high-nutrition roses - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a green planting method of high-nutrition roses, which comprises the following steps: selecting a planting land; II, preparing before field planting; III, planting; IV, pruning; managing the flowering phase; and VI, picking. The planting method can make the roses grow robustly, enhance the disease and insect resistance of the roses, effectively promote the accumulation of organic matters, promote the vigorous growth and blossoming of the roses, and effectively prolong the flowering time of the roses, thereby improving the edible value, the ornamental value and the like of the roses.

Description

Green planting method of high-nutrition roses

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a green planting method of high-nutrition roses.

Background

The rose has higher development and utilization values in the aspects of medicine, food, daily chemical industry and the like except appreciation, and various components such as volatile essential oil, flavone, polyphenol, polysaccharide, pigment, protein, amino acid, vitamin, dietary fiber, unsaturated fatty acid, trace elements and the like have physiological activity, wherein the flavone, the polyphenol compound and the polysaccharide have the auxiliary effects of eliminating free radicals and delaying senescence; the anthocyanin is easy to dissolve in water, has bright color and certain antioxidant and anti-allergy activities, and is a good edible natural pigment; in addition, the vitamin A, B, C which is simultaneously present in the rose has better synergistic antioxidant effect, 8 amino acids which are necessary for human bodies are detected in the rose, and the contained dietary fiber has certain effect on preventing hyperlipidemia and colon cancer and reducing the incidence of cholesterol; functional components such as flavone, anthocyanin and vitamin C play a key role in the edible value and the medicinal value of the rose, so the method for improving the content of the functional components of the rose can effectively promote the high-speed development of the rose industry and improve the development and utilization value of the rose industry.

The utilization rate of the fertilizer in China is very low, the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium are respectively 25-30%, 10-25% and 35-50%, and the fertilizing amount per unit area is 1.6 times of the average using amount in the world. Meanwhile, the excessive use of the fertilizer causes soil hardening and serious water eutrophication, and the soil quality is increasingly deteriorated. The data show that the cultivated land area of China is less than one crop all over the world, but the fertilizer of nearly four crops all over the world is used, and the usage amount of the pesticide in unit area is 2.5 times of the average level of the world. The fertilizer synergist such as poly-gamma-glutamic acid can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, prolong the fertilizer efficiency, reduce the application amount of the fertilizer and simultaneously help to solve the problem of excessive application of the fertilizer. China has abundant agricultural waste resources, the yield of the agricultural waste is about 7 hundred million tons every year, and statistical data shows that the proportion of the agricultural waste used as fuel is large, the agricultural waste is burnt to bring great environmental hazard, and random burning causes a great amount of pollutants such as PM2.5, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and the like to be released, so that not only is the resource waste serious, but also the air pollution is caused. Crop agricultural waste such as straw contains abundant organic matters and inorganic nutrients, and if the crop agricultural waste is used as a fertilizer, the content of organic matters in soil can be increased, the level of the organic matters in the soil can be improved, the soil sustainable development can be facilitated, the planting cost of farmers can be reduced, the income of the farmers can be increased, and important production and ecological benefits can be achieved. In addition, although roses are beautiful and edible, and are highly preferred by people, the flowering time of roses is short, and thus a method for prolonging the flowering time of roses is required.

In view of the above problems, there is a need to develop a green planting method for high-nutrition roses to solve the problems in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a green planting method of high-nutrition roses.

A green planting method of high-nutrition roses comprises the following steps:

selection of a planting field: selecting loam or sandy loam with pH value of 6.5-7.5, salt content below 0.1 wt%, soil organic matter content of 1-2 wt%, sufficient sunlight, high and dry topography, loose and fertile soil and good drainage as planting land;

II, preparation before planting: deeply ploughing the planting land in the last ten days of 12 months, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30cm, uniformly spreading the compound fertilizer on the surface of the soil, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu of land is 3500kg for 2000 plus land, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer with the soil with the depth of 5-10cm on the surface of the soil;

III, field planting: performing field planting in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, digging pits in the deeply ploughed sandy loam land blocks according to the planting specification, wherein the pit depth is 30-40cm, obtaining field planting pits, the planting specification is that the row spacing is 0.8-1.6m, the plant spacing is 0.7-1m, transplanting, placing the rose plants in the center of the pits, enabling the root system to stretch, ridging, compacting, watering, and the watering amount is 20-30m³Per mu;

and IV, pruning: pruning the rose plant from the second year in the middle 12 th-1 th of the year, cutting off cross branches, dead branches, old branches and pest branches, keeping robust branches, cutting off 1-2 lateral branches at a position 40-50cm away from the ground, and keeping 3-5 buds on each lateral branch;

v, managing flowering phase: uniformly applying urea and diammonium phosphate on the soil surface 15-20 days before flowering, wherein the dosage of the urea and the diammonium phosphate is 10-15kg and 25-35kg respectively per mu; spraying nutrient solution at 2-4 deg.C after buds grow, wherein the spraying amount is 35-40 mL/plant, continuously spraying for 3 times, each time at an interval of 2-4 days;

VI, picking: when the rose buds are opened 2/3 or when the rose buds are just exposed, the picking can be carried out, and the picking is started in the morning with the exposure every day, and the picking is finished before and after nine am. Because the temperature begins to rise after nine points, the fragrance of the flowers volatilizes along with the temperature, and the quality of the flowers is further influenced.

Preferably, the green planting method of the high-nutrition roses comprises the following steps:

selection of a planting field: selecting loam or sandy loam with pH value of 6.5-7.5, salt content below 0.1 wt%, soil organic matter content of 1-2 wt%, sufficient sunlight, high and dry topography, loose and fertile soil and good drainage as planting land;

II, preparation before planting: deeply ploughing the planting land in the last ten days of 12 months, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30cm, uniformly spreading the compound fertilizer on the surface of the soil, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu of land is 3500kg for 2000 plus land, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer with the soil with the depth of 5-10cm on the surface of the soil;

III, field planting: performing field planting in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, digging pits in the deeply ploughed sandy loam land blocks according to the planting specification, wherein the pit depth is 30-40cm, obtaining field planting pits, the planting specification is that the row spacing is 0.8-1.6m, the plant spacing is 0.7-1m, transplanting, placing the rose plants in the center of the pits, enabling the root system to stretch, ridging, compacting, watering, and the watering amount is 20-30m³Per mu;

and IV, pruning: pruning the rose plant from the second year in the middle 12 th-1 th of the year, cutting off cross branches, dead branches, old branches and pest branches, keeping robust branches, cutting off 1-2 lateral branches at a position 40-50cm away from the ground, and keeping 3-5 buds on each lateral branch;

v, managing flowering phase: intermittently growing the sun 20-25 days before the rose blooms, placing in the dark for 2-3h after 4-6h of natural illumination, and placing in the dark for 4-6h after the buds grow and 4-6h of natural illumination; uniformly applying urea and diammonium phosphate on the soil surface 15-20 days before flowering, wherein the dosage of the urea and the diammonium phosphate is 10-15kg and 25-35kg respectively per mu; spraying nutrient solution at 2-4 deg.C after buds grow, wherein the spraying amount is 35-40 mL/plant, continuously spraying for 3 times, each time at an interval of 2-4 days;

VI, picking: when the rose buds are opened 2/3 or when the rose buds are just exposed, the picking can be carried out, and the picking is started in the morning with the exposure every day, and the picking is finished before and after nine am. Because the temperature begins to rise after nine points, the fragrance of the flowers volatilizes along with the temperature, and the quality of the flowers is further influenced.

The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-25 parts of animal waste, 20-35 parts of pretreated plant straw powder, 5-9 parts of fly ash, 5-9 parts of zeolite powder, 3-5 parts of seaweed powder, 1-4 parts of pH value regulator, 0.3-1.5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 0.9-1.8 parts of ammonium chloride, 1.2-4 parts of calcium nitrate, 1.2-4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03-0.12 part of glycolic acid, 0.15-0.5 part of zymophyte and 0.06-0.3 part of fertilizer synergist.

Preferably, the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-25 parts of animal waste, 20-35 parts of pretreated plant straw powder, 5-9 parts of fly ash, 5-9 parts of zeolite powder, 3-5 parts of seaweed powder, 1-4 parts of pH value regulator, 0.3-1.5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 0.9-1.8 parts of ammonium chloride, 1.2-4 parts of calcium nitrate, 1.2-4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03-0.12 part of glycolic acid, 0.15-0.5 part of zymocyte, 0.06-0.3 part of fertilizer synergist, 0.2-0.6 part of emulsifier and 20-35 parts of wall material.

The animal manure comprises one or more of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, sheep manure, cattle manure and goose manure.

The seaweed powder is one or more of crescent algae powder, Polysiphonia urceolata, Sargassum thunbergii, and Sargassum micracanthum.

The pH value regulator comprises one or more of maleic anhydride, citric acid and succinic acid.

The fermentation bacteria comprise one or more of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, trichoderma, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and streptococcus thermophilus.

The fertilizer synergist comprises one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, poly gamma-glutamic acid and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate.

Preferably, the fertilizer synergist is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, poly gamma-glutamic acid, hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate according to the weight ratio of (1-5): (1-5): (1-5) in a mass ratio.

The wall material is one or more of acacia, maltodextrin, chitosan, sodium alginate, albumin, soybean protein, gelatin, lecithin and oil.

The emulsifier comprises one or more of polyoxyethylene stearate, polyoxyethylene oleate and polyoxyethylene abietate.

Preferably, the preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

weighing raw material components in parts by mass;

II, drying the animal waste until the water content is 30-40 wt%, and crushing the animal waste into 40-60 meshes to obtain pretreated animal waste; uniformly mixing the pretreated animal waste, the pretreated plant straws and the zymophyte, adding water, adjusting the water content to 60-65 wt%, and then fermenting at 30-45 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture;

III, mixing the fermentation mixture with fly ash, zeolite powder, seaweed powder, a pH value regulator, polyethylene glycol, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, glycolic acid and a fertilizer synergist, uniformly mixing and drying to obtain a compound fertilizer;

or:

weighing raw material components in parts by mass;

II, drying the animal waste until the water content is 30-40 wt%, and crushing the animal waste into 40-60 meshes to obtain pretreated animal waste; uniformly mixing the pretreated animal waste, the pretreated plant straws and the zymophyte, adding water, adjusting the water content to 60-65 wt%, and then fermenting at 30-45 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture;

mixing the fermentation mixture with fly ash, zeolite powder, seaweed powder, a pH value regulator, polyethylene glycol, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, glycolic acid, a fertilizer synergist and an emulsifier to obtain a mixture, and adding water into the mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the water is 10: (2-6), and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; mixing the wall material and the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer;

the preparation method of the pretreated plant straw powder comprises the following steps:

crushing plant straws to 40-60 meshes to obtain plant straw powder, performing steam explosion treatment, and instantly decompressing to obtain powder subjected to steam explosion treatment;

adding complex enzyme and water into the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment to the complex enzyme to the water is 10: (0.1-0.3): (5-15), mixing uniformly, and performing enzymatic hydrolysis at 38-45 ℃ to obtain the pretreated plant straw powder.

Preferably, the preparation method of the pretreated plant straw powder comprises the following steps:

crushing plant straws to 40-60 meshes to obtain plant straw powder, performing steam explosion treatment, and instantly decompressing to obtain powder subjected to steam explosion treatment;

adding 15-25 wt% of hydrogen peroxide which is 10-20 times of the mass of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment into the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment, uniformly mixing, filtering, removing filtrate, washing with water until the pH value is 6.5-7, adding a silane coupling agent KH550 and dicumyl peroxide, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment to the silane coupling agent KH550 to the dicumyl peroxide is 100: (6.5-8): (4-5.5), filtering after uniformly mixing to obtain modified plant straw powder;

adding complex enzyme and water into the modified plant straw powder, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to steam explosion treatment to the complex enzyme to the water is 10: (0.1-0.3): (5-15), uniformly mixing, and performing enzymatic hydrolysis at 38-45 ℃ to obtain pretreated plant straw powder;

the plant straws comprise one or more of corn plant straws, rice plant straws, soybean plant straws, sorghum plant straws and wheat plant straws.

The complex enzyme comprises two or more of protease, pectinase, cellulase and amylase.

The nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 portions of water, 6-9 portions of vitamin A, 4-7 portions of vitamin C, 1-3 portions of astaxanthin, 0.4-0.6 portion of magnesium chloride, 0.2-0.4 portion of zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.5 portion of calcium chloride and 0.3-1.2 portions of additive.

The additive comprises one or more of chlormequat chloride, gibberellin and methyl jasmonate.

Preferably, the additive is prepared from chlormequat chloride, gibberellin and methyl jasmonate according to the weight ratio of (1-5): (1-5): (1-5) in a mass ratio.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the green planting method of the high-nutrition roses has scientific fertilizer proportion, can meet the requirement of the roses for nutrients in growth, and improves the yield and the quality; the fertilizer is prepared by adopting a microcapsule technology, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer can be slowly released, and the requirement of crops on nutrition in each growth period is met; in addition, by adopting the planting method, the reproductive growth time of the roses can be prolonged, the flowers are complete, the plant senescence is delayed, and the blooming time of the flowers is prolonged. The planting method can make the roses grow robustly, enhance the disease and insect resistance of the roses, effectively promote the accumulation of organic matters, promote the vigorous growth and blossoming of the roses, and effectively prolong the flowering time of the roses, thereby improving the edible value, the ornamental value and the like of the roses.

Detailed Description

The above summary of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.

Introduction of raw materials and equipment in the examples:

roses, variety french murryon rose, 2 year old plants, purchased from xin haihui horticulture ltd, tong hai county, Yunnan province.

Cow dung was purchased from Shijiazhuang Yuxin animal dung Co.

Chicken manure, purchased from shijiazhuang yuxin animal manure limited.

Corn plant straw, purchased from the courtship biotechnology limited.

Rice plant straw, purchased from the courtship biotechnology limited.

Fly ash, 200 mesh, was purchased from Yao Xin mineral products processing source manufacturers in Lingshou county.

Zeolite powder, 200 mesh, was purchased from Sichuan stone mine processing factory, Lingshou county.

Gulfweed powder, 400 mesh, was purchased from Dongtai scientific food Co., Ltd, of the Qingdao Hongdao economic sector.

Polyethylene glycol 6000, CAS No.: 25322-68-3, model PEG-6000, purchased from Haian petrochemical plant of Jiangsu province.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, CAS No.: 7778-77-0, particle size 100 mesh, fertilizer grade, available from Zhengzhou Xintong chemical products, Inc.

Glycolic acid, CAS No.: 79-14-1, premium grade, available from jonan xin macrochemical ltd.

Protease, enzyme activity 3000U/mg, purchased from Shanghai Michelin Biotechnology Ltd.

The cellulase has the enzyme activity of 20000U/g and is purchased from Shandong Su Koehan bioengineering GmbH.

The bacillus subtilis has the effective viable count of 100 hundred million CFU/g and is purchased from Cangzhou Fangyuan bioengineering Co.

Lactobacillus plantarum, the number of effective viable bacteria of which is 100 hundred million CFU/g, was purchased from New Earth Biotechnology, Inc. of Cangzhou.

Streptococcus thermophilus, having an effective viable count of 100 hundred million CFU/g, is available from Henan He Tian food additives Co.

Diethylaminoethanol caproate, CAS number: 10369-83-2, and having a relative density of 0.907, available from microsystems Natural products engineering, Inc., Shandong.

Poly gamma-glutamic acid, CAS No.: 25513-46-6, has a molecular weight of 700000, and is available from Jiaye Biotech, Inc. of Taian city.

Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, CAS number: 53124-00-8, molecular weight of 1199, available from Kyowa Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Polyoxyethylene stearate, CAS number: 9004-99-3, product number: p816519 available from Shanghai Michelin Biochemical technology, Inc.

Gum arabic, CAS No.: 9000-01-5, available from West king pharmaceutical Co.

Maltodextrin, CAS No.: 9050-36-6, available from West king pharmaceutical Co.

Chitosan, CAS No.: 9012-76-4, 80 mesh, purchased from Wuhan, Yongshang Co-creation science and technology Co.

Urea, CAS No.: 57-13-6, particle size 1-3mm, available from Jinnan Sensen chemical industries, Ltd.

Diammonium phosphate, CAS number: 7783-28-0, product number: a801047 from Shanghai Michelin Biotechnology, Inc.

Astaxanthin, CAS No.: 472-61-7, wherein the product number is SF, and the product is purchased from Shaanxi Fuxi natural source manufacturers.

Chlormequat chloride, CAS No.: 999-81-5, product number: c-39462, available from Tianjin Xiansi Biotechnology Ltd.

Gibberellin, CAS number: 77-06-5, product number: g810400 available from Shanghai Michelin Biotechnology Ltd.

Methyl jasmonate, CAS number: 1211-29-6, product number: HWG2449 available from chemical Limited of Waverrucke, Beijing.

Dicumyl peroxide, CAS No.: 80-43-3, product number: h60442, available from Afahesa chemical Co., Ltd.

The steam explosion treatment equipment is a QBS-80 steam explosion analysis test bed and is purchased from Hainan Henan wall genuine bioenergy Co.

The spray drying equipment was a ZOLLO-6000Y spray dryer available from Shanghai Lele instruments, Inc.

Example 1

A green planting method of high-nutrition roses comprises the following steps:

selection of a planting field: selecting sandy loam with the pH value of 7, the salt content of 0.08 wt%, the soil organic matter content of 1.5 wt%, sufficient sunlight, high and dry topography, loose and fertile soil and good drainage as a planting field;

II, preparation before planting: in the day of 12 months and 1 day, deep ploughing the planting land to 25cm, uniformly spreading compound fertilizer on the soil surface, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu of land is 2500kg, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer with the soil 5cm deep on the soil surface;

III, field planting: on the day of 12 months and 18 days, digging pits in the deeply ploughed sandy loam land according to the planting specification, wherein the pit depth is 35cm, and obtaining planting pits, wherein the planting specification is that the row spacing is 1.4m, the plant spacing is 0.7m, transplanting, placing 2-year-old rose plants in the center of the pits, enabling root systems to stretch, ridging, compacting and watering, and the watering amount is 22m³Per mu;

and IV, pruning: pruning the rose plant from the second year in the middle 12 th-1 th of the year, cutting off cross branches, dead branches, old branches and pest branches, keeping robust branches, cutting 1 lateral branch at a position 45cm away from the ground, and keeping 4 buds on each lateral branch;

v, managing flowering phase: uniformly applying urea and diammonium phosphate on the surface of soil 15 days before flowering, wherein the dosage of the urea and the diammonium phosphate is respectively 13kg and 33kg per mu; spraying nutrient solution at 3 deg.C after buds grow, wherein the spraying amount is 35 mL/plant, continuously spraying for 3 times, each time at an interval of 3 days;

VI, picking: collecting flos Rosae Rugosae with open rosebuds 2/3, wherein the picking is started in the early morning with morning dew, and the picking is finished before and after nine am.

The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8 parts of cow dung, 7 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of pretreated plant straw powder, 6 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of zeolite powder, 4 parts of gulfweed powder, 2.5 parts of citric acid, 1 part of polyethylene glycol, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 2 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of glycolic acid, 0.3 part of zymocyte and 0.15 part of fertilizer synergist.

The zymocyte is prepared from bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and streptococcus thermophilus according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1.

The fertilizer synergist is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, poly gamma-glutamic acid and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1.

The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

weighing raw material components in parts by mass;

drying the cow dung and the chicken dung until the water content is 35 wt%, and crushing the cow dung and the chicken dung to 50 meshes to obtain pretreated animal dung; mixing the pretreated animal waste, the pretreated plant straw powder and the zymophyte, stirring for 1.5h at 30 ℃ at 40r/min, adding deionized water, adjusting the water content to 60 wt%, and fermenting for 2 days at 40 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture;

and III, mixing the fermentation mixture with fly ash, zeolite powder, gulfweed powder, citric acid, polyethylene glycol, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, glycolic acid and a fertilizer synergist to obtain a mixture, stirring for 3 hours at 45 ℃ at 300r/min, and drying at 50 ℃ under the absolute pressure of 0.08MPa until the water content is 4 wt% to obtain the compound fertilizer.

The preparation method of the pretreated plant straw powder comprises the following steps:

crushing plant straws to 50 meshes to obtain plant straw powder, performing steam explosion treatment on the plant straw powder by adopting saturated steam at 100 ℃ under the working pressure of 1.5MPa for 60s, and then instantly releasing pressure to obtain powder subjected to steam explosion treatment;

adding complex enzyme and water into the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment to the complex enzyme to the water is 10: 0.2: and 8, stirring for 1.5h at the temperature of 25 ℃ and at the speed of 300r/min, wherein the compound enzyme is prepared by protease and cellulase according to the ratio of 1: 3, and placing the mixture at the temperature of 40 ℃ for enzymolysis for 3 days to obtain the pretreated plant straw powder.

The nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of water, 7 parts of vitamin A, 5 parts of vitamin C, 2 parts of astaxanthin, 0.5 part of magnesium chloride, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of calcium chloride, 0.2 part of chlormequat chloride, 0.2 part of gibberellin and 0.2 part of methyl jasmonate.

The preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: weighing the raw material components according to the mass parts, mixing, and stirring for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and at the speed of 300r/min to obtain the product.

Example 2

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the fertilizer synergist is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and poly gamma-glutamic acid according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1.

Example 3

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the fertilizer synergist is prepared from poly gamma-glutamic acid and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1.

Example 4

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the fertilizer synergist is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, and mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1.

Comparative example 1

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8 parts of cow dung, 7 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of pretreated plant straw powder, 6 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of zeolite powder, 4 parts of gulfweed powder, 2.5 parts of citric acid, 1 part of polyethylene glycol, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 2 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of glycolic acid and 0.3 part of zymophyte.

The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

weighing raw material components in parts by mass;

drying the cow dung and the chicken dung until the water content is 35 wt%, and crushing the cow dung and the chicken dung to 50 meshes to obtain pretreated animal dung; mixing the pretreated animal waste, the pretreated plant straw powder and the zymophyte, stirring for 1.5h at 30 ℃ at 40r/min, adding deionized water, adjusting the water content to 60 wt%, and fermenting for 2 days at 40 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture;

and III, mixing the fermented mixture with fly ash, zeolite powder, gulfweed powder, citric acid, polyethylene glycol, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate and glycolic acid to obtain a mixture, stirring for 3 hours at 45 ℃ under the condition of 300r/min, and drying at 50 ℃ under the absolute pressure of 0.08MPa until the water content is 4 wt% to obtain the compound fertilizer.

Example 5

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the preparation method of the pretreated plant straw powder comprises the following steps:

crushing plant straws to 50 meshes to obtain plant straw powder, performing steam explosion treatment on the plant straw powder by adopting saturated steam at 100 ℃ under the working pressure of 1.5MPa for 60s, and then instantly releasing pressure to obtain powder subjected to steam explosion treatment;

adding 20 wt% hydrogen peroxide which is 10 times of the mass of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment into the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment, stirring the mixture for 10 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ at the rotating speed of 100r/min, filtering the mixture through 300-mesh filter cloth, washing the mixture with deionized water until the pH value is 7, adding a silane coupling agent KH550 and dicumyl peroxide, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment to the silane coupling agent KH550 to the dicumyl peroxide is 100: 7: 5, stirring for 5 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ at the rotating speed of 100r/min, and filtering through 300-mesh filter cloth to obtain modified plant straw powder;

adding complex enzyme and water into the modified plant straw powder, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to steam explosion treatment to the complex enzyme to the water is 10: 0.2: and 8, stirring for 1.5h at the temperature of 25 ℃ and at the speed of 300r/min, wherein the compound enzyme is prepared by protease and cellulase according to the ratio of 1: 3, and placing the mixture at the temperature of 40 ℃ for enzymolysis for 3 days to obtain the pretreated plant straw powder.

Example 6

Essentially the same as example 5, except that:

the compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8 parts of cow dung, 7 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of pretreated plant straw powder, 6 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of zeolite powder, 4 parts of gulfweed powder, 2.5 parts of citric acid, 1 part of polyethylene glycol, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 2 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of glycolic acid, 0.3 part of zymocyte, 0.15 part of fertilizer synergist, 0.3 part of polyoxyethylene stearate, 7 parts of Arabic gum, 7 parts of maltodextrin and 7 parts of chitosan.

The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

weighing raw material components in parts by mass;

drying the cow dung and the chicken dung until the water content is 35 wt%, and crushing the cow dung and the chicken dung to 50 meshes to obtain pretreated animal dung; mixing the pretreated animal waste, the pretreated plant straw powder and the zymophyte, stirring for 1.5h at 30 ℃ at 40r/min, adding deionized water, adjusting the water content to 60 wt%, and fermenting for 2 days at 40 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture;

mixing the fermentation mixture with fly ash, zeolite powder, gulfweed powder, citric acid, polyethylene glycol, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, glycolic acid, a fertilizer synergist and polyoxyethylene stearate to obtain a mixture, and adding deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the deionized water is 10: 4, stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃ and at the speed of 300r/min to obtain a mixed solution; mixing gum arabic, maltodextrin and chitosan, wherein the mass ratio of gum arabic to maltodextrin to chitosan is 1: 1: 1, stirring for 3 hours at 45 ℃ and 300r/min to obtain a wall material, then adding the mixed solution, stirring for 30 minutes at 45 ℃ and 7000r/min, placing at 50 ℃ and 0.08MPa absolute pressure, and drying until the water content is 4 wt% to obtain the compound fertilizer.

Example 7

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of water, 7 parts of vitamin A, 5 parts of vitamin C, 2 parts of astaxanthin, 0.5 part of magnesium chloride, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of calcium chloride, 0.3 part of chlormequat chloride and 0.3 part of gibberellin.

Example 8

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of water, 7 parts of vitamin A, 5 parts of vitamin C, 2 parts of astaxanthin, 0.5 part of magnesium chloride, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of calcium chloride, 0.3 part of gibberellin and 0.3 part of methyl jasmonate.

Example 9

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of water, 7 parts of vitamin A, 5 parts of vitamin C, 2 parts of astaxanthin, 0.5 part of magnesium chloride, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of calcium chloride, 0.3 part of chlormequat chloride and 0.3 part of methyl jasmonate.

Comparative example 1

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of water, 7 parts of vitamin A, 5 parts of vitamin C, 2 parts of astaxanthin, 0.5 part of magnesium chloride, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate and 0.4 part of calcium chloride.

Example 10

Essentially the same as example 6, except that: the green planting method of the high-nutrition roses comprises the following steps:

selection of a planting field: selecting sandy loam with the pH value of 7, the salt content of 0.08 wt%, the soil organic matter content of 1.5 wt%, sufficient sunlight, high and dry topography, loose and fertile soil and good drainage as a planting field;

II, preparation before planting: in the day of 12 months and 1 day, deep ploughing the planting land to 25cm, uniformly spreading compound fertilizer on the soil surface, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu of land is 2500kg, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer with the soil 5cm deep on the soil surface;

III, field planting: on the day of 12 months and 18 days, digging pits in the deeply ploughed sandy loam land according to the planting specification, wherein the pit depth is 35cm, and obtaining planting pits, wherein the planting specification is that the row spacing is 1.4m, the plant spacing is 0.7m, transplanting, placing 2-year-old rose plants in the center of the pits, enabling root systems to stretch, ridging, compacting and watering, and the watering amount is 22m³Per mu;

and IV, pruning: pruning the rose plant from the second year in the middle 12 th-1 th of the year, cutting off cross branches, dead branches, old branches and pest branches, keeping robust branches, cutting 1 lateral branch at a position 45cm away from the ground, and keeping 4 buds on each lateral branch;

v, managing flowering phase: intermittently growing the sun 25 days before the rose blooms, placing in the dark for 2 hours after the rose naturally shines for 4 hours, and placing in the dark for 4 hours after the rose buds grow out and naturally shines for 4 hours; uniformly applying urea and diammonium phosphate on the surface of soil 15 days before flowering, wherein the dosage of the urea and the diammonium phosphate is respectively 13kg and 33kg per mu; spraying nutrient solution at 3 deg.C after buds grow, wherein the spraying amount is 35 mL/plant, continuously spraying for 3 times, each time at an interval of 3 days;

VI, picking: collecting flos Rosae Rugosae with open rosebuds 2/3, wherein the picking is started in the early morning with morning dew, and the picking is finished before and after nine am.

Test example 1

And (3) measuring yield and physicochemical components: the green planting method of the high-nutrition rose is adopted to plant the rose, the rose with 2/3 open roses in rosebuds is picked in the second year after the planting of the rose (the current planting year is taken as the first year), and the yield and the physicochemical components of the rose are measured. The method for measuring the contents of vitamin C and anthocyanin refers to standard GB5413.18-2010 and journal document of gentlemin, namely separation identification and activity measurement of two antioxidant components in rose, and specific results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: table of measurement results of yield and physical and chemical components

According to the test results, the fertilizer synergist comprising diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, poly gamma-glutamic acid and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate is added into the compound fertilizer in the example 1, and the yield, anthocyanin content and vitamin C content of the rose flowers planted by the compound fertilizer are higher than those of the compound fertilizer in the examples 2-4 and the comparative example 1; in the embodiment 5, the plant straw powder is modified, so that compared with the embodiment 1, the soil fertility is further improved, the growth of roses is facilitated, and the yield and the fruit quality are improved; and example 6 adopts microcapsule technology to prepare compound fertilizer, so that fertilizer efficiency can be slowly released, the requirement of crops on nutrition in each growth period is met, the vigorous growth and blooming of roses are promoted, and the yield and the physicochemical components of the roses are superior to those of example 5.

Test example 2

The effect of prolonging the flowering phase: 100 rose plants are selected from the examples 1-10 and the comparative example 2 of the invention, each group is managed according to the corresponding examples and the management method in the comparative example, the other planting conditions are the same, the flowering time (from full bloom stage to withering stage) of each group of roses is counted, the data processing method in section 1.4 of journal literature of the Sun's publication of the patent literature of plant growth regulator on growth and flowering of zinnia is adopted to process each group of data, the flowering period of the roses is calculated, and the specific calculation results are shown in table 2.

Table 2: flowering phase statistical result table

Group of	Flowering period/d
		Example 1	33
Example 2	30
		Example 3	31
Example 4	30
		Example 5	35
Example 6	38
		Example 7	27
Example 8	25
		Example 9	26
Example 10	48
		Comparative example 2	21

As can be seen from Table 2, the additive prepared by mixing chlormequat chloride, gibberellin and methyl jasmonate is adopted in the nutrient solution in the example 1, and the effect of prolonging the flowering phase is obviously better than that of the additive prepared by any two of chlormequat chloride, gibberellin and methyl jasmonate in the examples 7-9 and the comparative example 2 without the additive; further, example 10 provides intermittent long-day exposure of pre-flowering rose plants, further extending the flowering time.

The foregoing is considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, and that all equivalent and simple variations on the principles taught herein are included within the scope of the present invention; various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims (5)

1. A green planting method of high-nutrition roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selection of a planting field: selecting loam or sandy loam with pH value of 6.5-7.5, salt content below 0.1 wt%, soil organic matter content of 1-2 wt%, sufficient sunlight, high and dry topography, loose and fertile soil and good drainage as planting land;

II, preparation before planting: deeply ploughing the planting land in the last ten days of 12 months, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30cm, uniformly spreading the compound fertilizer on the surface of the soil, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu of land is 3500kg for 2000 plus land, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer with the soil with the depth of 5-10cm on the surface of the soil;

III, field planting: performing field planting in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, digging pits in the deeply ploughed sandy loam land blocks according to the planting specification, wherein the pit depth is 30-40cm, and obtaining field planting pits, wherein the planting specification is that the row spacing is 0.8-1.6m, the plant spacing is 0.7-1m, transplanting, placing rose plants in the center of the pits, enabling root systems to stretch, ridging, compacting and watering, and the watering amount is 20-30m 3/mu;

and IV, pruning: pruning the rose plant from the second year in the middle 12 th-1 th of the year, cutting off cross branches, dead branches, old branches and pest branches, keeping robust branches, cutting off 1-2 lateral branches at a position 40-50cm away from the ground, and keeping 3-5 buds on each lateral branch;

v. management of flowering phase: intermittently growing the sun 20-25 days before the rose blooms, placing in the dark for 2-3h after 4-6h of natural illumination, and placing in the dark for 4-6h after the buds grow and 4-6h of natural illumination; uniformly applying urea and diammonium phosphate on the soil surface 15-20 days before flowering, wherein the dosage of the urea and the diammonium phosphate is 10-15kg and 25-35kg respectively per mu; spraying nutrient solution at 2-4 deg.C after buds grow, wherein the spraying amount is 35-40 mL/plant, continuously spraying for 3 times, each time at an interval of 2-4 days;

VI, picking: when the rose buds are opened 2/3 or the rose pistils are just exposed, the rose buds can be harvested, the picking is started in the morning with the exposure every day, the picking is finished before and after nine am, and the fragrance of the flowers can volatilize along with the temperature rise after nine am, so that the quality of the flowers is influenced; the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-25 parts of animal waste, 20-35 parts of pretreated plant straw powder, 5-9 parts of fly ash, 5-9 parts of zeolite powder, 3-5 parts of seaweed powder, 1-4 parts of pH value regulator, 0.3-1.5 parts of polyethylene glycol, 0.9-1.8 parts of ammonium chloride, 1.2-4 parts of calcium nitrate, 1.2-4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03-0.12 part of glycolic acid, 0.15-0.5 part of zymophyte and 0.06-0.3 part of fertilizer synergist;

the fertilizer synergist is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, poly gamma-glutamic acid and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate according to the weight ratio of (1-5): (1-5): (1-5) by mass;

the nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 portions of water, 6 to 9 portions of vitamin A, 4 to 7 portions of vitamin C, 1 to 3 portions of astaxanthin, 0.4 to 0.6 portion of magnesium chloride, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of zinc sulfate, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of calcium chloride and 0.3 to 1.2 portions of additive;

the additive is prepared from chlormequat chloride, gibberellin and methyl jasmonate according to the proportion of (1-5): (1-5): (1-5) in a mass ratio.

2. The method for green planting of high nutrition roses according to claim 1, wherein the animal manure comprises one or more of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, sheep manure, cow manure, and goose manure;

the seaweed powder is one or more of crescent algae powder, multitubular algae, Sargassum thunbergii, and Sargassum micracum; the pH value regulator comprises one or more of maleic anhydride, citric acid and succinic acid; the fermentation bacteria comprise one or more of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, trichoderma, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and streptococcus thermophilus.

3. The green planting method of high nutrition roses as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the pre-treated plant straw powder comprises:

crushing plant straws to 40-60 meshes to obtain plant straw powder, performing steam explosion treatment, and instantly decompressing to obtain powder subjected to steam explosion treatment;

adding 15-25 wt% of hydrogen peroxide which is 10-20 times of the mass of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment into the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment, uniformly mixing, filtering, removing filtrate, washing with water until the pH value is 6.5-7, adding a silane coupling agent KH550 and dicumyl peroxide, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment to the silane coupling agent KH550 to the dicumyl peroxide is 100: (6.5-8): (4-5.5), filtering after uniformly mixing to obtain modified plant straw powder;

adding complex enzyme and water into the modified plant straw powder, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to steam explosion treatment to the complex enzyme to the water is 10: (0.1-0.3): (5-15), uniformly mixing, and performing enzymatic hydrolysis at 38-45 ℃ to obtain pretreated plant straw powder;

the plant straws comprise one or more of corn plant straws, rice plant straws, soybean plant straws, sorghum plant straws and wheat plant straws;

the complex enzyme comprises two or more of protease, pectinase, cellulase and amylase.

4. The green planting method of high nutrition roses according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.2-0.6 part of emulsifier and 20-35 parts of wall material;

the wall material is one or more of Arabic gum, maltodextrin, chitosan, sodium alginate, albumin, soybean protein, gelatin, lecithin and grease;

the emulsifier comprises one or more of polyoxyethylene stearate, polyoxyethylene oleate and polyoxyethylene abietate.

5. The green planting method of high-nutrition roses as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:

selection of a planting field: selecting sandy loam with the pH value of 7, the salt content of 0.08 wt%, the soil organic matter content of 1.5 wt%, sufficient sunlight, high and dry topography, loose and fertile soil and good drainage as a planting field;

II, preparation before planting: in the day of 12 months and 1 day, deep ploughing the planting land to 25cm, uniformly spreading compound fertilizer on the soil surface, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu of land is 2500kg, and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer with the soil 5cm deep on the soil surface;

III, planting: on the day of 12 months and 18 days, digging pits in the deeply ploughed sandy loam land according to the planting specification, wherein the pit depth is 35cm, and obtaining planting pits, wherein the planting specification is that the row spacing is 1.4m, the plant spacing is 0.7m, transplanting, placing 2-year-old rose plants in the center of the pits, enabling root systems to stretch, ridging, compacting and watering, and the watering amount is 22m³Per mu;

and IV, pruning: pruning the rose plant from the second year in the middle 12 th-1 th of the year, cutting off cross branches, dead branches, old branches and pest branches, keeping robust branches, cutting 1 lateral branch at a position 45cm away from the ground, and keeping 4 buds on each lateral branch;

v. management of flowering phase: intermittently growing the sun 25 days before the rose blooms, placing in the dark for 2 hours after the rose naturally shines for 4 hours, and placing in the dark for 4 hours after the rose buds grow out and naturally shines for 4 hours; uniformly applying urea and diammonium phosphate on the surface of soil 15 days before flowering, wherein the dosage of the urea and the diammonium phosphate is respectively 13kg and 33kg per mu; spraying nutrient solution at 3 deg.C after buds grow, wherein the spraying amount is 35 mL/plant, continuously spraying for 3 times, each time at an interval of 3 days;

VI, picking: collecting 2/3 flos Rosae Rugosae with open flos Rosae Rugosae bud, and picking in the early morning with morning dew, wherein the picking is completed before and after nine am;

the compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8 parts of cow dung, 7 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of pretreated plant straw powder, 6 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of zeolite powder, 4 parts of gulfweed powder, 2.5 parts of citric acid, 1 part of polyethylene glycol, 1 part of ammonium chloride, 2 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of glycolic acid, 0.3 part of zymocyte, 0.15 part of fertilizer synergist, 0.3 part of polyoxyethylene stearate, 7 parts of Arabic gum, 7 parts of maltodextrin and 7 parts of chitosan;

the zymocyte is prepared from bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum and streptococcus thermophilus according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1 by mass ratio;

the fertilizer synergist is prepared from diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, poly gamma-glutamic acid and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1 by mass ratio;

the preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

weighing raw material components in parts by mass;

drying the cow dung and the chicken dung until the water content is 35 wt%, and crushing the cow dung and the chicken dung to 50 meshes to obtain pretreated animal dung; mixing the pretreated animal waste, the pretreated plant straw powder and the zymophyte, stirring for 1.5h at 30 ℃ at 40r/min, adding deionized water, adjusting the water content to 60 wt%, and fermenting for 2 days at 40 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture;

mixing the fermentation mixture with fly ash, zeolite powder, gulfweed powder, citric acid, polyethylene glycol, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, glycolic acid, a fertilizer synergist and polyoxyethylene stearate to obtain a mixture, and adding deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the deionized water is 10: 4, stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃ and at the speed of 300r/min to obtain a mixed solution; mixing gum arabic, maltodextrin and chitosan, wherein the mass ratio of gum arabic to maltodextrin to chitosan is 1: 1: 1, stirring for 3 hours at 45 ℃ and 300r/min to obtain a wall material, then adding the mixed solution, stirring for 30 minutes at 45 ℃ and 7000r/min, placing the mixture at 50 ℃ and 0.08MPa absolute pressure, and drying until the water content is 4 wt% to obtain the compound fertilizer;

the preparation method of the pretreated plant straw powder comprises the following steps:

crushing plant straws to 50 meshes to obtain plant straw powder, performing steam explosion treatment on the plant straw powder by adopting saturated steam at 100 ℃ under the working pressure of 1.5MPa for 60s, and then instantly releasing pressure to obtain powder subjected to steam explosion treatment;

adding 20 wt% hydrogen peroxide which is 10 times of the mass of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment into the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment, stirring the mixture for 10 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ at the rotating speed of 100r/min, filtering the mixture through 300-mesh filter cloth, washing the mixture with deionized water until the pH value is 7, adding a silane coupling agent KH550 and dicumyl peroxide, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to the steam explosion treatment to the silane coupling agent KH550 to the dicumyl peroxide is 100: 7: 5, stirring for 5 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ at the rotating speed of 100r/min, and filtering through 300-mesh filter cloth to obtain modified plant straw powder;

adding complex enzyme and water into the modified plant straw powder, wherein the mass ratio of the powder subjected to steam explosion treatment to the complex enzyme to the water is 10: 0.2: and 8, stirring for 1.5h at the temperature of 25 ℃ and at the speed of 300r/min, wherein the compound enzyme is prepared by protease and cellulase according to the ratio of 1: 3, and placing the mixture at the temperature of 40 ℃ for enzymolysis for 3 days to obtain pretreated plant straw powder;

the nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of water, 7 parts of vitamin A, 5 parts of vitamin C, 2 parts of astaxanthin, 0.5 part of magnesium chloride, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of calcium chloride, 0.2 part of chlormequat chloride, 0.2 part of gibberellin and 0.2 part of methyl jasmonate;

the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: weighing the raw material components according to the mass parts, mixing, and stirring for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and at the speed of 300r/min to obtain the product.