CN1091753A - 聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫体 - Google Patents

聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫体 Download PDF

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CN1091753A
CN1091753A CN94101061A CN94101061A CN1091753A CN 1091753 A CN1091753 A CN 1091753A CN 94101061 A CN94101061 A CN 94101061A CN 94101061 A CN94101061 A CN 94101061A CN 1091753 A CN1091753 A CN 1091753A
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格哈德·J·布赖斯
斯蒂芬·E·L·赫尔斯曼
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Abstract

本发明涉及形状记忆聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫体的 制备方法,通过将聚氰酸酯组分和多元醇组合物在有 含水的起泡剂存在下反应,其中,聚异氰酸酯组分含 有至少70(重量)%的4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 或其变体,而多元醇组合物含有至少一种含氧乙烯基 残基的聚氧化烯多元醇,多元醇组合物的平均额定羟 基官能度为2.2到6、平均氧乙烯基含量至少86(重 量)%、平均羟基当量是250到1500,并且其中的水 量是多元醇组合物重量的1.5—6%,以及异氰酸酯 指数是90—150。

Description

本发明涉及形状记忆聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫体。当聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫体在高于玻璃转变温度(Tg)下被变形,然后在变形状态下冷到Tg以下时,它仍然保持变形状态,只有当加热到高于Tg温度,才能恢复它们原来的形状。
所谓玻璃转变温度是指:用动态机械热分析(DMTA)法测试时,聚氨基甲酸乙酯经受其主要玻璃转变时的温度。
具有高于泡沫体加工温度(通常是室温)的Tg的泡沫体呈现形状记忆性能。
形状记忆聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫体描述于EP-A-361418。首先使双官能二异氰酸酯和双官能多元醇反应,生成预聚物,然后,加入双官能增链剂和起泡剂,最后对所得混合物热处理,而制得该泡沫体。能使用的起泡剂可以是分解型,也可以是蒸发型,水未被提及,而在实施例中用氯化的碳氟化合物作起泡剂。仅有一种泡沫体是由4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(4,4′-MDI)和具有高氧乙烯基含量的多元醇制成,但其Tg是-6℃。
具有较高氧乙烯基含量例如50(重量)%或更多的多元醇常在挠性泡沫体组成中用作次要添加剂,以保证该泡沫体具有开孔结构。与此相反,当与通常二异氰酸酯相结合在高浓度使用这种聚醚时,会导致闭孔泡沫体的形成。
现在发现已具有高于常温的Tg的形状记忆泡沫体能够成功地由含有高氧乙烯基含量的高浓度多元醇、基本上纯的4,4′-MDI或其衍生物以及水的配方进行制备。
本发明泡沫体具有宝贵的性能并具有广阔的用途。
按照本发明,提供一种制备形状记忆聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫体的方法,它由含有聚异氰酸酯组分、多元醇组合物以及含水起泡剂的反应混合物而制备,其中,聚异氰酸酯组分至少含有70(重量)%、并且最好含有至少85(重量)%的4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或其变体;而多元醇组合物至少由含有氧乙烯残基的一种聚氧化烯基多元醇组成,该多元醇组合物的平均额定羟基官能度是2.2到6;其平均羟基当量是250到1500;其平均氧乙烯基含量至少86(重量)%,并且其中的含水量是多元醇组合物重量的1.5-6%,异氰酸酯指数是90-150。
本发明方法所用的聚异氰酸酯组分可以主要含有纯4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或者所述二异氰酸酯和一种或多种其它有机聚异氰酸酯,特别是其它二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的异构体的混合物,异构体如2,4′-异构体任意地与2,2′-异构体相结合。聚异氰酸酯组分也可是一种MDI的变体,该MDI变体,从含有至少70(重量)%并且最好至少85(重量)%4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的聚异氰酸酯组合物衍生而得。MDI变体在本领域技术人员中是熟知的,按本发明所用MDI变化特别可包括由下列方法所得的液体产物,将uret-onimine和/或碳化二亚胺基团引入所述聚异氰酸酯组合物和/或通过将该组合物与一种或多种低分子量多元醇反应。聚异氰酸酯组分可包含较低比例,也即少于30(重量)%、最好少于15(重量)%的具有大于2的异氰酸酯官能度的聚亚甲基聚亚苯基异氰酸酯,像例如聚合物的MDI或粗制MDI。聚异氰酸酯组分的异氰酸酯官能度最好不超过2.25。
多元醇组合物可包含具有所需官能度、当量和氧乙烯基含量的单一聚氧化烯多元醇。优选的是聚氧乙烯多元醇,但是,也可用含有少量除环氧乙烷外的烯化氧的多元醇例如聚(氧乙烯-氧丙烯基)多元醇。这种多元醇在本领域技术人员中是熟知的,并且可通过惯用方法制得,将乙烯和如有需要将其它烯化氧同时和/或按任何次序依次地和引发剂如多元醇、羟胺、具有2.2-6个活化氢原子的多元醇、羟胺、聚胺和它们的混合物反应。
适宜引发剂的实例包括:1,2-亚乙基二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、木糖醇、葡萄糖、果糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、乙醇胺和1,2-乙二胺以及它们的混合物,以及这种引发剂和有2个活化氢原子的引发剂的混合物,如1,2-亚乙基二醇、丙二醇和丁二醇,这些混合物具有平均2.2-6个活化氢原子。
另外,多元醇组合物可包括二种或多种聚氧化烯多元醇的混合物,诸如整个组合物具有所需平均官能度、当量和氧化乙烯基含量。在这样的混合物中存在的聚氧化烯多元醇最好是聚氧乙烯基多元醇或聚(氧乙烯基-氧丙烯基)多元醇;也可有少量例如小于10(重量)%一种或多种聚氧丙烯基多元醇存在。
这里所用“平均额定羟基官能度”这个术语表明多元醇组合物的平均官能度(每分子中羟基的数目),假定在其中存在的聚氧化烯多元醇的平均官能度相同于在制备中所用引发剂的平均官能度(每分子活性氢原子的数目),尽管在实际中,因为某些末端不饱和所致而经常会稍少一些。
多元醇组合物的平均额定羟基官能度优选的是4到6,最优选的聚氧化烯多元醇是六元醇化物。
最好的多元醇组合物还具有至少95(重量)%的平均氧乙烯基含量和250到1000并且最好为250到600的平均羟基当量。
如有需要,聚氧化烯多元醇(或当使用其混合物时,一种或多种聚氧化烯多元醇)可含有分散的聚合物颗粒。这样的聚合物改性的多元醇在现有技术中已有充分描述,并且包括通过一种或多种乙烯基单体例如丙烯腈和苯乙烯在聚氧化烯多元醇中就地聚合或者通过聚异氰酸酯和氨基官能化合物或羟基官能化合物诸如三乙醇胺在聚氧化烯多元醇中就地反应而制得的产品。
本发明方法中所用的起泡剂是水,可任选地与物理起泡剂例如低沸点有机氟化合物结合的水。起泡剂的量按已知方式改变,以能达到所需泡沫密度。适量的水是例如基于多元醇组合物重量的1.5到6%,最好,水是唯一的起泡剂,其量是多元醇组合物重量的1.5到5%。考虑到多元醇组合物、水和任何其它异氰酸酯活性种类例如增链剂或交联剂,所用异氰酸酯指数是90到150。所谓异氰酸酯指数是NCO基团的数目和活化氢原子数目之比乘以100。
起泡反应混合物可含有一种或多种惯用于如此反应混合物的添加剂,这些添加剂包括催化剂例如叔胺和锡化合物、表面活性剂和泡沫稳定剂例如硅氧烷-氧化烯共聚物、增链剂例如低分子量的二醇或二胺、交联剂例如三乙醇胺、阻燃剂、有机和无机填料、颜料、对所谓沸腾起泡反应的抑制剂如聚二甲基硅氧烷以及内部脱模剂。尽管催化剂可加入起泡反应混合中,但反应最好在没有催化剂情况下进行。
相应地,另一方面,本发明所提供的反应体系有:
(ⅰ)聚异氰酸酯组分含有至少85(重量)%的4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或其变体;
(ⅱ)多元醇组合物含有至少一种含氧乙烯基残基的聚氧化烯基多元醇,所述多元醇组合物所具有平均额定羟基官能度为2.2到6,平均羟基当量250到1500和平均氧乙烯基含量为至少86(重量)%;
(ⅲ)起泡剂由水组成,以及可任意地含有:
(ⅳ)一种或多种一般用于泡沫配料中的添加剂。该反应体系用于制备形状记忆泡沫体,本文所述的反应系统是指化学药品的组合,其中,聚异氰酸酯是保持在与异氰酸酯反应化合物分开的容器内。
在本发明方法操作中,最好是已知的一步工艺,但半预聚物和预聚物方法也可使用。泡沫体可按板材或模压件形式生产。
本发明泡沫体易于再循环,并且适用于传统吸能使用的轻质代用品,诸如减震材料、汽车门的侧边耐冲击软垫,并且用于保温和包装的材料。
以下实施例说明本发明,但并不限制本发明。在实施例中全部份数、百分比和比率都按重量计算。
实施例
以台式搅拌混合下表所示配方组分,使用一步工艺制备泡沫体。将起泡反应混合物倒入开口模具中。热固化5分钟后,将泡沫体脱模并以手压挤。
实验  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10
多元醇A  95  99  87  90  100  100  50  100  80  -
多元醇B  -  50
多元醇C  3  -  3  3
多元醇D  2  1  20
多元醇E  10
多元醇F  7
多元醇G  100
水  4  3  4  4  4  3  3  3  3  5
催化剂1  0.1
催化剂2  1.0
聚异氰酸酯  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  II  I  I
指数  100  100  100  100  100  140  100  100  100  100
Tg(℃)  80  50  75  75  NM  NM  NM  NM  NM  NM
续表
实验  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18
多元醇A  97  97  97  97  97  97  97  97
多元醇C  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3
水  3  3  3  1  8  3  3  3
聚异氰酸酯  III  III  III  III  III  III/II  III/II III/II
81/9  63/27  27/63
W/W  W/W  W/W
指数  40  60  200  100  100  100  100  100
评论  1  2  1  1  2  形状记  形状记  具有硬
忆泡沫  忆泡沫  形状记
体  体  忆适当
结合的
软泡沫
多元醇A:具有分子量1800的聚氧乙烯基山梨醇;
多元醇B:具有分子量600的聚乙二醇;
多元醇C:甘油引发的聚氧丙烯基氧化乙烯基三醇,其分子量是3500,具有50%的无规氧乙烯基基团;
多元醇D:具有分子量2000的聚氧丙烯二醇;
多元醇E:具有分子量1025的聚氧丙烯二醇;
多元醇F:具有分子量425的聚氧丙烯二醇;
多元醇G:以三羟甲基丙烷引发的聚氧乙烯基氧丙烯三醇,其分子量约为4000,并且具有77%无规氧乙烯基;
催化剂1:从Air  Products公司商购的DABCO  33  LV(DABCO是Air  Products公司商标);
催化剂2:0.87%二月桂酸二丁锡和0.13%  D  80/20的混合物(DABCO和二甲基乙醇胺的混合物);
聚异氰酸酯Ⅰ:MDI组合物,含有71%  4,4′-DMI和27%uretonimine改性的4,4′-MDI,具有NCO含量为29.3%;
聚异氰酸酯Ⅱ:具有NCO含量30.7%、含有39%4,4′-MDI的聚合物MDI;
聚异氰酸酯Ⅲ:是4,4′-MDI和聚异氰酸酯Ⅰ的50/50  w/w混合物;
NM:未测量;
评论1:未获得形状记忆泡沫体;
评论2:未获得泡沫体。
实验1-7、16和17是按照本发明进行。在对比实验8-10中不可能作出可接受的泡沫体,从实验8所得泡沫体的泡孔全是封闭的,并且该泡沫塑料不能受压挤;实验9由于在配方组分中的沸腾作用而未能形成泡沫体;实验10中的泡沫体是挠性的,并且没有形状记忆性能。实验11-13未作出形状记忆泡沫体,这表明较高和较低的异氰酸酯指数都不能使用;实验14和15未获得形状记忆泡沫体,这表明应将水量控制在所限范围内;实验18表明当使用相当低量的4,4′-MDI时,所形成的泡沫体具有松弛形状的记忆性能。

Claims (8)

1、一种用于制备形状记忆聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫体的方法,其特征在于,通过将聚异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组合物在有含水的起泡剂存在下反应,其中,所述聚异氰酸酯组分含有至少70(重量)%的4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或其变体,而多元醇组合物含有至少一种含氧乙烯基残基的聚氧化烯基多元醇,所述多元醇组合物的平均额定羟基官能度为2.2到6、平均氧乙烯基含量至少86(重量)%、平均羟基当量是250到1500,并且其中的水量是基于多元醇组合物重量的1.5到6%,以及异氰酸酯指数是90到150。
2、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于多元醇组合物至少含有一种聚氧乙烯基多元醇。
3、按照权利要求1-2的方法,其特征在于,多元醇组合物的平均额定羟基官能度是4到6。
4、按照权利要求1-3的方法,其特征在于,多元醇组合物含有至少一种聚氧乙烯基六元醇化物。
5、按照权利要求1-4的方法,其特征在于,多元醇组合物具有至少95(重量)%的平均氧乙烯基含量和平均羟基当量为250到600。
6、按照权利要求1-5的方法,其特征在于,反应是在没有催化剂情况下进行的。
7、按照权利要求1-6的方法,其特征在于,水作为唯一的起泡剂,其用量是多元醇化合物重量的1.5到5%。
8、反应体系包括:
(ⅰ)聚异氰酸酯组分含有至少70(重量)%的4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或其变体,
(ⅱ)多元醇组合物含有至少一种含氧乙烯基残基的聚氧化烯基多元醇,所述多元醇组合物的平均额定羟基官能度为2.2到6,平均羟基当量是250到1500,平均氧乙烯基含量为至少86(重量)%,
(ⅲ)起泡剂含有基于多元醇化合物重量的1.5-6%的水,以及可任意地含有:
(ⅳ)一种或多种一般用于泡沫体配方的添加剂,聚异氰酸酯和异氰酸酯反应化合物的相对量要使异氰酸酯指数是90-150。
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CN110183614A (zh) * 2019-06-27 2019-08-30 深圳市康勋新材科技有限公司 形状记忆聚合物泡沫材料及其制备方法和应用
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