CN1091583C - 安装地板覆盖材料体系的方法和该方法使用的设备 - Google Patents

安装地板覆盖材料体系的方法和该方法使用的设备 Download PDF

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CN1091583C
CN1091583C CN96121808A CN96121808A CN1091583C CN 1091583 C CN1091583 C CN 1091583C CN 96121808 A CN96121808 A CN 96121808A CN 96121808 A CN96121808 A CN 96121808A CN 1091583 C CN1091583 C CN 1091583C
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hot melt
seam
type surface
slit
straight line
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CN1156206A (zh
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J·M·埃什尔曼
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AWI Licensing LLC
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Armstrong World Industries Inc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/165—Implements for finishing work on buildings for finishing joints, e.g. implements for raking or filling joints, jointers
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    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
    • B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
    • B05C17/00523—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes provided with means to heat the material
    • B05C17/00526—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes provided with means to heat the material the material being supplied to the apparatus in a solid state, e.g. rod, and melted before application
    • B05C17/0053—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes provided with means to heat the material the material being supplied to the apparatus in a solid state, e.g. rod, and melted before application the driving means for the material being manual, mechanical or electrical
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    • A47G27/0443—Laying carpeting, e.g. wall-to-wall carpeting using hot-melt adhesives; Irons therefor
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    • C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

公开了一种安装地板覆盖材料体系的方法，其中用具有特殊设计的喷嘴的加热喷枪将特殊配制的热熔体密封剂/粘合剂在熔融状态下涂于地板铺设处。特殊设计的喷嘴容易通过沿接缝或接头移动并将熔化的密封剂/粘合剂准确导入接缝中简便地实施这种方法。喷嘴可使接缝或接头的宽度变得非常窄并通过将热导至地板材料的边缘强化密封和粘结力。

Description

安装地板覆盖材料体系的方法和该方法使用的设备
本发明涉及安装地板覆盖材料体系的方法和该方法中使用的热熔体涂布器喷嘴。
将地板覆盖材料的接缝和接头密封和粘结以防止湿气和灰尘进入并提高强度。目前现有技术中使用的接头密封或粘结体系涉及使用对环境有害的化学药品、昂贵的高温设备或多孔灌浆材料。
很多地板在规则间隔处存在接缝或接头。可将这些接缝粘结或密封或不进行处理。将接缝密封通常是优选的，原因在于可防止灰尘、洒落物和清洗溶液从接缝渗入。渗入接缝中的异物会影响地板覆盖材料与基材的粘结力，产生令人讨厌的外观，或助长细菌生长。
最常用的密封方法是：灌浆刚性瓦，用极不渗水的粘合剂将弹性地板与底层地板材料粘结，用非常高的温度焊接聚氯乙烯(PVC)基弹性地板并使PVC线状物嵌入特定的切割凹槽内，和用PVC树脂溶于浓溶液中形成漆，该漆部分溶解PVC地板形成溶剂焊接。这些体系都存在缺点，因此地板覆盖材料工业一直在寻求密封或粘结接缝的更快速、更简便、更低廉、危险性更小的方法。
根据本发明，地板覆盖材料的接缝可用加热喷枪，或采用特殊设计的喷嘴的涂布器涂布热熔体密封剂密封或粘结。
本发明提供一种地板覆盖材料体系，包括第一和第二个弹性地板覆盖材料单元和组成不同于地板覆盖材料单元的热熔体材料；第一和第二个地板覆盖材料单元具有第一个主表面，基本上与第一个主表面平行的第二个主表面和由第一个主表面延伸至第二个主表面的边缘部分；第一和第二单元的边缘部分通过由热熔体材料组成的层粘结在一起；热熔体材料从第一个主表面至第二个主表面处于第一和第二个单元的边缘部分之间。
本发明还提供一种安装地板覆盖材料体系的方法，包括铺设第一和第二个地板覆盖材料单元，每个单元具有第一个主表面、基本上与第一个主表面平行的第二个主表面和由第一个主表面延伸至第二个主表面的边缘部分，第一和第二单元的边缘部分相互平行和相邻，和用热熔体材料组成的层从第一个主表面至第二个主表面将第一和第二个单元的相邻边缘部分相互粘结，热熔体材料的组成与形成第一和第二个地板覆盖材料单元的材料的组成不同。
本发明还提供一种热熔体涂布器喷嘴，它包括管柄部分和具有一缝隙的末端部分，缝隙的宽度为约0.25mm至约0.70mm，长度为约0.38cm至约1.3cm，末端部分包括两个斜削的表面，缝隙处于这两个斜削面之间，两个斜削面之间的角度为约80°至约至100°，两个斜削面沿一直线相交，该直线与垂直于管柄部分轴线的直线成约40°至约60°角，和热熔体棒，它包括乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯和选自乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸、丙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸和碳酸钙的添加剂，其中碳酸钙可通过0.044mm筛孔的筛子。
图1为根据本发明进行热熔体接缝密封的两个地板覆盖材料单元的透视图。
图2为基本上沿图1的1-1线的截面图。
图3为本发明热熔体喷枪喷嘴的侧视图。
图4为图3所示的热熔体喷枪喷嘴的前视图。
图5为图3所示的热熔体喷枪喷嘴的后视图。
图6为图3所示的热熔体喷枪喷嘴的底视图。
图7为基本上沿图1的7-7线的截面图。
图8为图3所示的热熔体喷枪喷嘴的透视图。
本发明是针对于地板覆盖材料，特别是聚氯乙烯弹性地板覆盖材料描述的。然而，本发明也适用于除地毯外的常规弹性地板覆盖材料。同时本发明不限于单层弹性地板覆盖材料，也可用于包括毡子和纤维背衬的多层层压制品。这种热熔体接缝密封体系也可用于粘结橡胶覆盖材料单元。
热熔体接缝密封最好通过(但不限于)使用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物热熔体材料进行。EVA材料，特别是当与脂族烃混合时是柔性的，此材料具有低的粘度、良好的粘结力、良好的光稳定性且在受热时不变色。
当将乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、丙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物或碳酸钙加入组合物中时，显著改进了EVA材料的粘结强度。(甲基)丙烯酸是指丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。碳酸钙应能够通过0.044mm筛孔的筛子。
已经成功地使用的其它热熔体材料包括聚酰胺、和通过加入增粘剂改性的聚乙烯或聚丙烯。热熔体材料显然可包括颜料以形成彩色接缝。
在一个优选的实施方案中，热熔体材料是其中加入增粘剂的乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。增粘剂的主要目的是提高粘结力，但也改进了柔韧性。
热熔体喷枪一般在约193.3℃(380°F)下操作，该喷枪的适当设计的喷嘴可将显著量的热传入进行接缝密封的地板覆盖材料单元的边缘，由此增强粘结力。当熔化时，热熔体材料应仅在适度用力下流过喷枪，同时应为流体，此流体足以从地板覆盖材料的底部至少量溢流出填入接缝中。
如图1所示，接缝通过以(用量规)设定的间隔距离铺设地板覆盖材料单元1，如地板砖或片材形成。最好的性能以(但不限于)间隔约0.38cm至约1.02cm取得。当设定接缝宽度，同时可以作为单独操作密封接缝，而不是在它们处于底层地板上时密封接缝时，地板材料优选粘附于底层地板2(如图2所示)上。
熔化的热熔体材料3从底层地板2至地板覆盖材料单元的表面4填充接缝。若地板覆盖材料单元按照先有技术焊接，则焊接棒材料将大约填充接缝的顶部一半。形成接缝凹槽的相邻边缘部分不必进行切割或修剪(若对接缝进行焊接，则这是必须的)。当地板覆盖材料单元被切割为一定尺寸并基本平行时，则由此形成的相邻边缘部分是笔直的。
热熔体材料可快速固化，这样消除了等待粘合剂固化或溶剂蒸发时可能出现的问题。在接缝顶上挤出的过量材料的小珠粒5可容易地用刮刀刮去(切去)。如图2所示的和图7剖视图中的珠粒仅比地板覆盖材料单元之间的间隔稍宽一些。乙烯基焊接接缝的珠粒为3.2cm宽，这些珠粒是增塑聚氯乙烯树脂。
如图1所示，将特殊设计的热熔体喷枪的喷嘴6插入接缝7的凹槽中，使热熔体材料经热熔体喷枪8以略微溢流的方式流入喷嘴下方的接缝填充区域。当开始出现溢流时，在保持产生溢流小珠粒5的流速下沿接缝移动喷嘴。沿接缝移动的速度可根据热熔体材料9的流速控制。
若因某些原因接缝裂开，则可通过将热熔体喷枪喷嘴插入密封开裂的区域并施用新的热熔体材料使接缝复原。将过量的热熔体材料刮去，即完成接缝密封。当密封交叉接缝时，涂布器喷嘴的热毫不费力地熔化通过已密封的接缝，同时喷嘴通过后热熔体材料的新珠粒填入开口中。
喷嘴的设计对于接缝的有效密封非常重要。热熔体喷枪的喷嘴必须控制熔化的热熔体材料准确流入接缝中。热熔体喷枪应通过热熔体喷枪的喷嘴将一些热传至形成接缝内部的地板覆盖材料的边缘部分，以增强与热熔体材料的粘结性。设计的喷嘴应容易操作和可控制。
图3至图8所示的喷嘴可操作性最佳，但合适的操作性并不限于这种设计。喷嘴6优选由铜制备，但用其它金属也非常好，甚至可成功地使用工程类塑料。
喷嘴由导热材料管材制备，它包括柄部分10和末端部分11。接近末端部分12刻有螺纹并具有平面区域13以便容易与热熔体枪连接。末端部分具有一缝隙14，该缝隙的宽度为约0.25mm至约0.76mm，长度为约0.38cm至约1.3cm，末端部分具有两个斜削的表面15，缝隙处于这两个斜削面之间。两个斜削面之间的角度为约80°至约至100°，两个斜削面沿一直线相交，该直线与垂直于管柄部分轴线的直线成约40°至约60°角。
斜削面有助于使喷嘴处在接缝凹槽内，使其不会插入凹槽太深并造成阻力过大或难以用热熔体材料填充接缝。如图2所示，当操作的热熔体喷枪停留在地板覆盖材料上时，斜削面交叉线与管柄部分的轴线之间的角度可使缝隙基本平行于地板覆盖材料的表面。
已经用通常加入热熔体涂料或粘合剂中的各种聚合物成功地尝试了多种配方。尝试某些聚酰胺基本上是成功的。基于聚乙烯蜡的配方不如所需的那样好，但将其在其它配方中用作改性剂更成功。嵌段共聚物橡胶也可用作良好的改性剂，但在一般的热熔体喷枪中使用时其熔体指数太低，聚酯具有与此相同的特性。乙烯丙烯酸共聚物制备了一些可用的配方，并且值得进行深入研究。优选的配方是乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(有或无改性剂)。
下面是用于热熔体接缝密封的一些配方：
EVA树脂(18％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝500)   40.0％
EVA树脂(9％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝500)    10.0
氢化的脂族烃树脂(熔点＝85℃)             50.0
                                         100.0上述配方具有良好的强度和切削性及中等抗污性。
EVA树脂(14％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝2500)  70.0％
乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物树脂(熔点＝51℃)       10.0
α-甲基苯乙烯树脂(熔点＝120℃)           20.0
                                         100.0上述配方具有良好的强度、良好的切削性及中等至良好的抗污性。
EVA树脂(18％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝500)   60.0％
EVA树脂(28％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝6)     15.0
氢化的脂族烃树脂(熔点＝130℃)            25.0
                                         100.0上述配方具有良好的强度、良好的切削性及中等至良好的抗污性。
EVA树脂(14％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝2500)  33.3％
EVA树脂(33％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝400)   33.3
EVA树脂(18％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝500)   33.3
                                         99.9上述配方具有良好的强度、良好的切削性及中等抗污性。
EVA树脂(18％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝600)   68.0％
EAA树脂(熔体指数＝312)                   9.0
氢化的脂族烃树脂(熔点＝130℃)            23.0
                                         100.0
上述配方具有良好的强度、良好的切削性及良好的抗污性。
EVA树脂(18％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝500)      50.0％
氢化的脂族烃树脂(熔点＝85℃)                50.0
                                            100.0
上述配方具有中等强度，但切削性和抗污性差。烃树脂的用量太高，同时这种树脂的熔点太低。
EVA树脂(18％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝500)      50.0％
EVA树脂(9％醋酸乙烯酯，熔体指数＝7)         25.0
氢化的脂族烃树脂(熔点＝130℃)               25.0
                                            100.0
上述配方强度和切削性差，原因在于熔体流动指数太高，且烃树脂的熔点太高。
无定形聚丙烯                                50.0％
氢化的脂族烃树脂(熔点＝100℃)               20.0
聚乙烯均聚物(熔点＝106℃)                   30.0
                                            100.0
上述配方发粘，强度差。

Claims (7)

1.一种安装地板覆盖材料体系的方法，包括：
-铺设第一和第二个弹性聚氯乙烯地板覆盖材料单元，每个单元具有第一个主表面、基本上平行的第二个主表面和由第一个主表面延伸至第二个主表面的边缘部分，第一和第二单元的边缘部分相互平行和相邻，和
-用热熔体材料组成的层从第一个主表面至第二个主表面将第一和第二个单元的相邻边缘部分相互粘结，
其特征在于：
-使用了热熔体材料，其组成与形成第一和第二地板覆盖材料单元的物质的组成不同，
-将第一个主表面与第一和第二个地板覆盖材料单元的边缘部分的交叉处软化并且热熔体涂布器将热熔体材料放入第一和第二个边缘之间，
-其中该热熔体涂布器有一个喷嘴(6)，
-该导电材料的喷嘴包括一管柄部分和带有缝隙(14)的末端部分(11)，
-缝隙的宽度为0.25mm至0.76mm，长度为0.38cm至1.3cm，
-末端部分(11)包括两个斜削表面(15)，
-缝隙(14)处于这两个斜削表面(15)之间，
-两个斜削表面(15)之间的角度为80°至100°，
-两个斜削表面(15)沿一直线相交，该直线与垂直于管柄部分(10)的轴线的直线成40°至60°角。
2.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：
-热熔体材料处于第一和第二个边缘部分之间，使热熔体材料突出于暴露的主表面之上，
-刮去热熔体材料突出部分。
3.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于热熔体材料是乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
4.权利要求3的方法，其特征在于热熔体棒用做由热熔体涂布器熔融的热熔体材料，该棒包括乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯和选自乙烯/丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸、丙烯/丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸、和碳酸钙的添加剂，其中碳酸钙可通过0.044mm筛孔的筛子。
5.权利要求3或4的方法，其特征在于热熔体材料还包括增粘剂。
6.权利要求5的方法，其特征在于增粘剂选自脂族和芳族的氢化和非氢化烃，α-甲基苯乙烯，聚异丁烯和聚丁烯。
7.一种热熔体涂布器喷嘴(6)，包括一管柄部分(10)和带有缝隙(14)的末端部分(11)，其特征在于，
-末端部分(11)包括两个斜削表面(15)，
-两个斜削表面(15)之间的角度为80至100°，
-两个斜削面(15)沿一直线相交，该直线与垂直于管柄部分(10)的轴线的直线成40°至60°角，
-缝隙(14)的宽度为0.25mm至0.76mm，长度为0.38cm至1.3cm，
-缝隙(14)处于两个斜削表面(15)之间。
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GB9624531D0 (en) 1997-01-15
DE69624068D1 (de) 2002-11-07
US5725722A (en) 1998-03-10
JP2000328771A (ja) 2000-11-28
NO965016D0 (no) 1996-11-25
GB2307442A (en) 1997-05-28
GB2307442B (en) 1999-07-21
DE69624068T2 (de) 2003-07-10
CN1156206A (zh) 1997-08-06
JPH09177296A (ja) 1997-07-08
BR9605707A (pt) 1998-08-18
US5981035A (en) 1999-11-09
EP0775460B1 (en) 2002-10-02
CA2189935C (en) 2003-04-22
AU698731B2 (en) 1998-11-05
KR970027568A (ko) 1997-06-24
MX9605745A (es) 1997-05-31
CA2189935A1 (en) 1997-05-28
EP0775460A1 (en) 1997-05-28
AU7187696A (en) 1997-06-05
AR005239A1 (es) 1999-04-28
NO965016L (no) 1997-05-28

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