CN109158104A - 一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法的制备方法,属于环保技术领域。本发明通过浆料浸渍法在多孔氧化铝模板表面包覆高岭土和滑石粉,利用高岭土和滑石粉引入MgO‑SiO2‑Al2O3助烧剂,将包覆后的多孔氧化铝模板作为原料,制备多孔氧化铝‑陶瓷,以多孔氧化铝‑陶瓷为载体,在载体上负载纳米二氧化钛‑铈‑钯复合催化剂,构成一种汽车尾气清洁剂,多孔氧化铝‑陶瓷载体能够与纳米二氧化钛粒子颗粒较强结合,对被降解的污染物有较强的吸附性;载体可同纳米二氧化钛粒子发生相互作用,有利于纳米二氧化钛粒子电子‑空穴对的分离;利用吸附剂类载体可增加对反应物的吸附,提高纳米二氧化钛粒子的光催化活性,并同时实现吸附剂类载体的再生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法的制备方法,属于环保技术领域。
背景技术
随着经济的发展,汽车逐渐成为了每个家庭的必要代步工具。汽车方便了人们的同时导致的汽车尾气对大气的污染渐渐成为一个重要的环境问题。目前多数汽车的尾气都是没有经过任何处理直接排放到空气中,由于汽车尾气中含有大量的有害物质,汽车尾气的成分含有CO2,CO,NOx,油气,灰粉等物质,这些物质对环境的直接排放会给环境带来严重的污染。汽车尾气对局部地区的酸雨,北方冬季的严重雾霾有着不可推卸的责任,对老百姓的键康造成了极大的危害。
目前,几乎所有燃油车辆的发动机尾气均由其尾气管道直接排放到空气中,这些尾气含有大量的硫化物、氮化物、碳、铅等有害气体和可吸入颗粒物,这些尾气排放物分布性的在空气中弥漫,不断增加着空气中有害气体、浮尘的浓度和雾霾天气天数比例,日益严重地污染着人类的生存环境、威胁着人类的健康。
为了控制汽车尾气排放给环境和人类带来的危害,世界上许多国家都制定了日益严格的汽车尾气排放法规,在汽车尾气的排气系统上安装三效净化器和电喷闭环控制器是有效解决汽车尾气污染的措施之一,但是这类设备大多只能净化颗粒性介质,对一氧化碳、碳氢类气体的净化作用则较小,不能达到良好净化的作用。
汽车燃油在油箱会生成胶状物质,胶状物质就会粘附在燃油滤清器上,堵塞过滤介质,使供油量减少,使输油量不足,燃油雾化不良,致使可燃混合气变稀,发动机动力性和经济性下降。
现有技术中不管是何种治理方法,都必须使用净化剂,净化剂的配方直接影响着汽车尾气净化处理的效果。现有技术中,某些净化剂虽然能够起到较好的净化效果,但是对尾气净化装置的腐蚀较大,降低了尾气净化的长期效果和降低了尾气净化装置的使用寿命。因此急需开发出一种净化效果优异、原料易得、成本低廉且使用方便的汽车尾气净化剂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对净化设备大多只能净化颗粒性介质,对一氧化碳、碳氢类气体的净化作用则较小,不能达到良好净化的作用;某些净化剂虽然能够起到较好的净化效果,但是对尾气净化装置的腐蚀较大,降低了尾气净化的长期效果和降低了尾气净化装置的使用寿命的问题,提供了一种低温绝热纸的制备方法。
一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法的制备方法为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
(1)将多孔氧化铝模板在1000~1200℃预烧,得预处理模板,将高岭土和滑石粉按质量比为2∶3混合均匀,得混合粉体,加入去离子水和柠檬酸铵分散剂,球磨7~8h,得浆料,将预处理模板加入到浆料中浸渍包覆,均匀搅拌10~15min,在温度为80~90℃下将浆料中的水加热搅拌蒸干,并置于80~100℃的烘箱中干燥至恒重,得复合模板,将复合模板加入到质量分数为5%的PVA溶液中浸渍保压,得坯体,将坯体保温干燥处理,得多孔载体;
(2)按体积比2∶5∶7将去离子水、冰醋酸和无水乙醇混合均匀,得混合溶液,将硝酸铈和硝酸钯分别加入混合溶液中,搅拌均匀,得复合溶液,按质量比1∶2将纳米二氧化钛粉末缓慢加到复合溶液中恒温水浴中磁力搅拌,得复合溶胶;将多孔载体加入到复合溶胶中,浸渍搅拌30~40min,静置陈化4~5h,得湿凝胶,将湿凝胶置于80~100℃真空干燥箱中干燥至恒重,得干凝胶,将干凝胶置于马弗炉中焙烧后,取出并冷却至室温,得汽车尾气清洁剂。
步骤(1)所述的混合粉体、去离子水和柠檬酸铵分散剂按质量比1∶3∶0.05混合。
步骤(1)所述的浸渍保压为浸渍5~10min后取出,并在6MPa下保压1~2min。
步骤(1)所述的保温干燥处理为将坯体放入60~80℃烘箱干燥2~3h后,在100~200℃保温30~40min,在600℃保温20~30min,在800~1050℃以100℃/h速度升温,保温20~30h,1300~1500℃保温1~2h,随炉冷却至室温后取出。
步骤(2)所述的硝酸铈、硝酸钯和混合溶液按质量比1∶1∶5混合。
步骤(2)所述的恒温水浴中磁力搅拌为在30~35℃恒温水浴中磁力搅拌2~4h。
步骤(2)所述的焙烧为将干凝胶置于500~600℃马弗炉中焙烧2~4h。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明通过浆料浸渍法在多孔氧化铝模板表面包覆高岭土和滑石粉,利用高岭土和滑石粉引入MgO-SiO2-Al2O3助烧剂,将包覆后的多孔氧化铝模板作为原料,制备多孔氧化铝-陶瓷,以多孔氧化铝-陶瓷为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在载体上负载纳米二氧化钛-铈-钯复合催化剂,构成一种汽车尾气清洁剂,多孔氧化铝-陶瓷载体能够与纳米二氧化钛粒子颗粒较强结合,且比表面积大,对被降解的污染物有较强的吸附性,在载体表面覆盖一层纳米二氧化钛粒子,可增加纳米二氧化钛粒子光催化剂整体的比表面积;载体可同纳米二氧化钛粒子发生相互作用,有利于纳米二氧化钛粒子电子-空穴对的分离;利用吸附剂类载体可增加对反应物的吸附,提高纳米二氧化钛粒子的光催化活性,并同时实现吸附剂类载体的再生;
(2)当汽车尾气通过净化装置时,利用多孔氧化铝-陶瓷的电致发热功能提高汽车尾气温度,结合表面负载的催化剂,增强CO、HC和NOx三种气体的活性,促使其进行一定的氧化-还原化学反应,其中CO在高温下氧化成为无色、无毒的二氧化碳气体;HC化合物在高温下氧化成水和二氧化碳;NOx还原成氮气和氧气,三种有害气体变成无害气体,使汽车尾气得以净化。
具体实施方式
将多孔氧化铝模板在1000~1200℃预烧,得预处理模板,将高岭土和滑石粉按质量比为2∶3混合均匀,得混合粉体,按质量比1∶3∶0.05加入去离子水和柠檬酸铵分散剂,球磨7~8h,得浆料,将预处理模板加入到浆料中浸渍包覆,均匀搅拌10~15min,在温度为80~90℃下将浆料中的水加热搅拌蒸干,并置于80~100℃的烘箱中干燥至恒重,得复合模板,将复合模板加入到质量分数为5%的PVA溶液中浸渍5~10min后取出,并在6MPa下保压1~2min,得坯体,将坯体放入60~80℃烘箱干燥2~3h后,在100~200℃保温30~40min,在600℃保温20~30min,在800~1050℃以100℃/h速度升温,保温20~30h,1300~1500℃保温1~2h,随炉冷却至室温后取出,得多孔载体;按体积比2∶5∶7将去离子水、冰醋酸和无水乙醇混合均匀,得混合溶液,按质量比1∶1∶5将硝酸铈和硝酸钯分别加入混合溶液中,搅拌均匀,得复合溶液,按质量比1∶2将纳米二氧化钛粉末缓慢加到复合溶液中,在30~35℃恒温水浴中磁力搅拌2~4h,得复合溶胶;将多孔载体加入到复合溶胶中,浸渍搅拌30~40min,静置陈化4~5h,得湿凝胶,将湿凝胶置于80~100℃真空干燥箱中干燥至恒重,得干凝胶,将干凝胶置于500~600℃马弗炉中焙烧2~4h后,取出并冷却至室温,得汽车尾气清洁剂。
实例1
将多孔氧化铝模板在1000~1200℃预烧,得预处理模板,将高岭土和滑石粉按质量比为2∶3混合均匀,得混合粉体,按质量比1∶3∶0.05加入去离子水和柠檬酸铵分散剂,球磨7~8h,得浆料,将预处理模板加入到浆料中浸渍包覆,均匀搅拌10~15min,在温度为80~90℃下将浆料中的水加热搅拌蒸干,并置于80~100℃的烘箱中干燥至恒重,得复合模板,将复合模板加入到质量分数为5%的PVA溶液中浸渍5~10min后取出,并在6MPa下保压1~2min,得坯体,将坯体放入60~80℃烘箱干燥2~3h后,在100~200℃保温30~40min,在600℃保温20~30min,在800~1050℃以100℃/h速度升温,保温20~30h,1300~1500℃保温1~2h,随炉冷却至室温后取出,得多孔载体;按体积比2∶5∶7将去离子水、冰醋酸和无水乙醇混合均匀,得混合溶液,按质量比1∶1∶5将硝酸铈和硝酸钯分别加入混合溶液中,搅拌均匀,得复合溶液,按质量比1∶2将纳米二氧化钛粉末缓慢加到复合溶液中,在30~35℃恒温水浴中磁力搅拌2~4h,得复合溶胶;将多孔载体加入到复合溶胶中,浸渍搅拌30~40min,静置陈化4~5h,得湿凝胶,将湿凝胶置于80~100℃真空干燥箱中干燥至恒重,得干凝胶,将干凝胶置于500~600℃马弗炉中焙烧2~4h后,取出并冷却至室温,得汽车尾气清洁剂。
实例2
将多孔氧化铝模板在1000~1200℃预烧,得预处理模板,将高岭土和滑石粉按质量比为2∶3混合均匀,得混合粉体,按质量比1∶3∶0.05加入去离子水和柠檬酸铵分散剂,球磨7~8h,得浆料,将预处理模板加入到浆料中浸渍包覆,均匀搅拌10~15min,在温度为80~90℃下将浆料中的水加热搅拌蒸干,并置于80~100℃的烘箱中干燥至恒重,得复合模板,将复合模板加入到质量分数为5%的PVA溶液中浸渍5~10min后取出,并在6MPa下保压1~2min,得坯体,将坯体放入60~80℃烘箱干燥2~3h后,在100~200℃保温30~40min,在600℃保温20~30min,在800~1050℃以100℃/h速度升温,保温20~30h,1300~1500℃保温1~2h,随炉冷却至室温后取出,得多孔载体;按体积比2∶5∶7将去离子水、冰醋酸和无水乙醇混合均匀,得混合溶液,按质量比1∶1∶5将硝酸铈和硝酸钯分别加入混合溶液中,搅拌均匀,得复合溶液,按质量比1∶2将纳米二氧化钛粉末缓慢加到复合溶液中,在30~35℃恒温水浴中磁力搅拌2~4h,得复合溶胶;将多孔载体加入到复合溶胶中,浸渍搅拌30~40min,静置陈化4~5h,得湿凝胶,将湿凝胶置于80~100℃真空干燥箱中干燥至恒重,得干凝胶,将干凝胶置于500~600℃马弗炉中焙烧2~4h后,取出并冷却至室温,得汽车尾气清洁剂。
实例3
将多孔氧化铝模板在1000~1200℃预烧,得预处理模板,将高岭土和滑石粉按质量比为2∶3混合均匀,得混合粉体,按质量比1∶3∶0.05加入去离子水和柠檬酸铵分散剂,球磨7~8h,得浆料,将预处理模板加入到浆料中浸渍包覆,均匀搅拌10~15min,在温度为80~90℃下将浆料中的水加热搅拌蒸干,并置于80~100℃的烘箱中干燥至恒重,得复合模板,将复合模板加入到质量分数为5%的PVA溶液中浸渍5~10min后取出,并在6MPa下保压1~2min,得坯体,将坯体放入60~80℃烘箱干燥2~3h后,在100~200℃保温30~40min,在600℃保温20~30min,在800~1050℃以100℃/h速度升温,保温20~30h,1300~1500℃保温1~2h,随炉冷却至室温后取出,得多孔载体;按体积比2∶5∶7将去离子水、冰醋酸和无水乙醇混合均匀,得混合溶液,按质量比1∶1∶5将硝酸铈和硝酸钯分别加入混合溶液中,搅拌均匀,得复合溶液,按质量比1∶2将纳米二氧化钛粉末缓慢加到复合溶液中,在30~35℃恒温水浴中磁力搅拌2~4h,得复合溶胶;将多孔载体加入到复合溶胶中,浸渍搅拌30~40min,静置陈化4~5h,得湿凝胶,将湿凝胶置于80~100℃真空干燥箱中干燥至恒重,得干凝胶,将干凝胶置于500~600℃马弗炉中焙烧2~4h后,取出并冷却至室温,得汽车尾气清洁剂。
将本发明制备的汽车尾气清洁剂及上海某公司生产的尾气清洁剂进行检测,具体检测结果如下表表1:
检测方法:
将本发明制备的汽车尾气清洁剂置于尾气装置中,以2004年产夏利车试验,尾气中各排放物依据GB1318285-2005、DB371657-200b检测方法检测,检测结果如下表所示。
表1汽车尾气清洁剂性能表征
由表1可知本发明制备的汽车尾气清洁剂,尾气净化性能优异,具有广阔的市场价值和应用前景。
Claims (7)
1.一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)将多孔氧化铝模板在1000~1200℃预烧,得预处理模板,将高岭土和滑石粉按质量比为2∶3混合均匀,得混合粉体,加入去离子水和柠檬酸铵分散剂,球磨7~8h,得浆料,将预处理模板加入到浆料中浸渍包覆,均匀搅拌10~15min,在温度为80~90℃下将浆料中的水加热搅拌蒸干,并置于80~100℃的烘箱中干燥至恒重,得复合模板,将复合模板加入到质量分数为5%的PVA溶液中浸渍保压,得坯体,将坯体保温干燥处理,得多孔载体;
(2)按体积比2∶5∶7将去离子水、冰醋酸和无水乙醇混合均匀,得混合溶液,将硝酸铈和硝酸钯分别加入混合溶液中,搅拌均匀,得复合溶液,按质量比1∶2将纳米二氧化钛粉末缓慢加到复合溶液中恒温水浴中磁力搅拌,得复合溶胶;将多孔载体加入到复合溶胶中,浸渍搅拌30~40min,静置陈化4~5h,得湿凝胶,将湿凝胶置于80~100℃真空干燥箱中干燥至恒重,得干凝胶,将干凝胶置于马弗炉中焙烧后,取出并冷却至室温,得汽车尾气清洁剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述的混合粉体、去离子水和柠檬酸铵分散剂按质量比1∶3∶0.05混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述的浸渍保压为浸渍5~10min后取出,并在6MPa下保压1~2min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述的保温干燥处理为将坯体放入60~80℃烘箱干燥2~3h后,在100~200℃保温30~40min,在600℃保温20~30min,在800~1050℃以100℃/h速度升温,保温20~30h,1300~1500℃保温1~2h,随炉冷却至室温后取出。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)所述的硝酸铈、硝酸钯和混合溶液按质量比1∶1∶5混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)所述的恒温水浴中磁力搅拌为在30~35℃恒温水浴中磁力搅拌2~4h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车尾气清洁剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)所述的焙烧为将干凝胶置于500~600℃马弗炉中焙烧2~4h。
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Application publication date: 20190108 |