CN109136888A - 一种Fe-Ni-P非晶合金催化反应器及生产方法 - Google Patents

一种Fe-Ni-P非晶合金催化反应器及生产方法 Download PDF

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CN109136888A
CN109136888A CN201710503962.2A CN201710503962A CN109136888A CN 109136888 A CN109136888 A CN 109136888A CN 201710503962 A CN201710503962 A CN 201710503962A CN 109136888 A CN109136888 A CN 109136888A
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罗奕兵
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Abstract

一种Fe‑Ni‑P非晶合金催化反应器由Fe‑Ni‑P非晶合金复合纤维和催化反应器架子组成；复合纤维长度可连续，断面可为圆形、扁平等，复合纤维断面面积不大于2mm2，包覆层为Fe‑Ni‑P非晶合金且厚度不大于0.5mm，复合纤维芯丝材质为聚合物。反应器的生产方法：包括以下步骤：(1)采用碱性溶液，对聚合物纤维进行除油脱脂；(2)采用铬酐和硫酸溶液进行纤维表面的粗化；(3)采用酸性的锡盐溶液进行纤维的敏化；(4)采用硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化；(5)纤维的化学镀Ni‑P合金；(6)纤维电刷镀Fe‑Ni‑P非晶合金；（7）铁‑镍‑磷非晶合金催化反应器的制备。

Description

一种Fe-Ni-P非晶合金催化反应器及生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及到非晶合金催化剂领域，尤其是涉及一种Fe-Ni-P非晶合金催化反应器及生产方法。
背景技术
非晶合金由于具有以下特点；①非晶态合金在很宽的范围内可以制成各种组成的样品，从而可以在较宽大范围内调变它们的电子性质；②催化活性中心可以以单一的形式均匀分布在化学均匀的环境中；③非晶态合金表面具有浓度较高的不饱和中心，且不饱和中心的配位数具有一定的范围，因而使其催化活性和选择性一般优于相应的晶态催化剂；④其表面的非多孔性是其摆脱了多项催化剂存在的反应物种的扩散影响表面反应的问题。
非晶态合金催化剂可以用于加氢、氧化、裂解、异构化等反应。目前，非晶态合金催化剂的制备方法有多种，一般来说可以将其分为两大类：液体骤冷法和原子（离子）沉积法。非晶合金催化电极以沉积薄膜或镀层的二维催化电极为主，但其反应器面积较小，导致产率较小。
针对以上不足，本发明提出一种Fe-Ni-P非晶合金催化反应器及生产方法，该催化反应器可极大的增加Fe-Ni-P催化剂的表面积，同时，也可省却粉末催化剂的载体，可广泛应用于气态、液态催化反应中等。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种Fe-Ni-P非晶合金催化反应器，催化反应器由Fe-Ni-P非晶合金复合纤维和催化反应器架子，复合纤维长度可连续，复合纤维断面可为圆形、扁平等断面，复合纤维断面面积不大于2mm2，复合纤维包覆层为Fe-Ni-P非晶合金，具体成分为Fe 55-87%，Ni 8-20%，P 5-25%，包覆层厚度不大于0.5mm，复合纤维芯丝材质为聚合物。
Fe-Ni-P非晶合金催化反应器的生产方法：包括以下步骤：
(1) 采用碱性溶液，对聚合物纤维进行除油脱脂；
(2) 采用铬酐和硫酸溶液进行纤维表面的粗化；
粗化液组成为铬酐30-100g/L 、200-400 ml/L 硫酸，粗化处理温度为50-70℃：
(3) 采用酸性的锡盐溶液进行纤维的敏化；
敏化液组成为氯化锡5-10g/L，盐酸10-50ml/L ：
(4) 采用硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化；
(5) 纤维的化学镀Ni-P合金，溶液组成为：硫酸镍0.05-0.5mol/L，次磷酸钠0.1-0.5mol/L，羧酸盐0.05-0.5 mol/L，还原剂2-10g/L，滴定强酸溶液Ph值为3-5，化学镀时溶液温度为50-85℃，化学镀时间为0.5-2min；
所述还原剂为碘化钾、硼氢化盐等；
(6) 纤维电刷镀Fe-Ni-P非晶合金
电刷镀溶液组成：可溶性亚铁盐2-4.5mol/L、酸0.2-0.8mol/L、可溶性镍盐0.2-1.5mol/L、亚磷酸或次磷酸盐0.3-1.0mol/L、 络合剂0.5-15g/L、还原剂2-8g/L、余量水；
上述酸包括硼酸、磷酸、羧酸等多元中强酸；
上述络合剂包括十二烷基苯磺酸钠、羧酸盐、柠檬酸盐等；
所述还原剂为碘化钾、抗坏血酸等；
制备工艺参数为：阳极采用石墨板，电刷镀纤维，电极相对运动速度为5-20m/min，滴定强酸溶液使镀液Ph值2-6，施镀温度为30-80℃。
（7）铁-镍-磷非晶合金催化反应器的制备
采用工程结构材料，制成催化反应器架子，将铁-镍-磷非晶合金复合纤维来回缠绕于反应器架子（祥见附图说明）。
本发明的优点是：
（1）选择形状及大小的聚合物纤维，可制备不同规铬和断面形状的铁-镍-磷非晶合金催化反应剂；
（2）可通过调整电刷镀溶液组成，可获得具有不同比例组成铁-镍-磷非晶合金纤维，适用于各种条件下的催化反应；
（3）由于采用电镀法制备非晶合金镀层，其微观表面凸凹不平，增大了反应器可利用面积，提高催化效率；
（4）采用复合纤维结构制备催化剂，相比铁镍磷大块非晶和平板类铁镍磷非晶合金镀层，本反应器的催化面积更大，也对反应气体或液体流动的影响最小；
（5）由于采用反应器架子缠绕，因此该反应器很容易通过组合和更换架子尺寸和结构来调整反应器的结构与催化剂的布置形式，提高反应器适用于各类反应容器的可能性。
附图说明
图1为本发明设备示意图。催化反应器架子（1），可采用金属、高分子、复合材料的结构材料制成；铁镍磷非晶合金复合纤维（2），断面可为圆形、异形等形状，包覆层为铁-镍-磷非晶合金镀层，芯丝材质为聚合物。
具体实施方式：
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1：Fe-Ni-P非晶合金/聚丙烯复合纤维的成形工艺
（1）选择φ0.05 mm聚丙烯纤维，先采用氢氧化钠溶液进行化学除油；
（2）除油后纤维的粗化，粗化的水溶液配比为80g/L 铬酐、250ml/L 硫酸，粗化处理温度为70℃，粗化处理时间8 min；
（3）聚丙烯纤维的敏化，其溶液组成为氯化锡8g/L，盐酸40ml/L ，敏化处理时间1 min；
（4）采用硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化，活化后的纤维经甲醛溶液还原；
（5）纤维的化学镀镍-磷合金，溶液成分为：氯化镍0.1mol/L，酒石酸0.08 mol/L，次磷酸钠0.1mol/L，碘化钾3g/L，硼氢化钠1.5 g/L，滴定盐酸溶液Ph值为4，化学镀时间为0.5min；
（6）电刷镀Fe-Ni-P非晶合金
电镀液组成：氯化亚铁2.6mol/L、硫酸镍0.8mol/L、硼酸0.4mol/L、次磷酸钠0.7 mol/L，柠檬酸钠3 g/L、碘化钾3g/L，余量水；制备工艺参数为：阳极采用石墨板，在纤维两侧电刷镀，电极相对运动速度为8 m/min，滴定强酸溶液使镀液Ph值3。
实施例2：Fe-Ni-P非晶合金/尼龙复合纤维的成形工艺
（1）选择φ0.2mm尼龙纤维，先采用氢氧化钠溶液进行化学除油；
（2）除油后纤维的粗化，粗化的水溶液配比为80g/L 铬酐、250ml/L 硫酸，粗化处理温度为70℃，粗化处理时间8 min；
（3）聚丙烯纤维的敏化，其溶液组成为氯化锡8g/L，盐酸40ml/L ，敏化处理时间1 min；
（4）采用硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化，活化后的纤维经甲醛溶液还原；
（5）纤维的化学镀镍-磷合金，溶液成分为：氯化镍0.1mol/L，酒石酸0.1 mol/L，次磷酸钠0.1mol/L，碘化钾3 g/L，硼氢化钠2g/L，滴定盐酸溶液Ph值为4，化学镀时间为0.5 min；
（6）电刷镀Fe-Ni-P非晶合金
电镀液组成：硫酸亚铁3.5mol/L，硫酸镍1.2mol/L、硼酸0.4mol/L、次磷酸钠0.8mol/L，十二烷基苯磺酸钠3g/L，醋酸钠2 g/L、余量水；制备工艺参数为：阳极采用石墨板，在纤维两侧电刷镀，电极相对运动速度为8 m/min，滴定强酸溶液使镀液Ph值3。

Claims (4)

1.一种Fe-Ni-P非晶合金催化反应器，其特征在于，反应器由Fe-Ni-P非晶合金复合纤维和催化反应器架子组成；复合纤维长度可连续，复合纤维断面可为圆形、扁平等，复合纤维断面面积不大于2mm2，复合纤维包覆层为Fe-Ni-P非晶合金，具体成分为Fe 55-87%，Ni8-20%，P 5-25%，包覆层厚度不大于0.5mm，复合纤维芯丝材质为聚合物。
2.Fe-Ni-P非晶合金催化反应器的生产方法：包括以下步骤：(1) 采用碱性溶液，对聚合物纤维进行除油脱脂；(2) 采用铬酐和硫酸溶液进行纤维表面的粗化； (3) 采用酸性的锡盐溶液进行纤维的敏化；(4) 采用硝酸银和氨水溶液进行纤维表面的活化；(5) 纤维的化学镀Ni-P合金； (6) 纤维电刷镀Fe-Ni-P非晶合金；（7）铁-镍-磷非晶合金催化反应器的制备。
3.权利要求2所述，化学镀的溶液组成为：硫酸镍0.05-0.5mol/L，次磷酸钠0.1-0.5mol/L，羧酸盐0.05-0.5 mol/L，还原剂2-10g/L，滴定强酸溶液Ph值为3-5，化学镀时溶液温度为50-85℃，化学镀时间为0.5-2min；
所述还原剂为碘化钾、硼氢化盐等。
4.权利要求2所述电刷镀的溶液组成：可溶性亚铁盐2-4.5mol/L、酸0.2-0.8mol/L、可溶性镍盐0.2-1.5mol/L、亚磷酸或次磷酸盐0.3-1.0mol/L、 络合剂0.5-15g/L、还原剂2-8g/L、余量水；
上述酸包括硼酸、磷酸、羧酸等多元中强酸；
上述络合剂包括十二烷基苯磺酸钠、羧酸盐、柠檬酸盐等；
所述还原剂为碘化钾、抗坏血酸等；
其电刷镀制备工艺的参数为：阳极采用石墨板，电刷镀纤维，电极相对运动速度为5-20m/min，滴定强酸溶液使镀液Ph值2-6，施镀温度为30-80℃。
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