CN109089726A - A kind of cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN109089726A CN109089726A CN201810878362.9A CN201810878362A CN109089726A CN 109089726 A CN109089726 A CN 109089726A CN 201810878362 A CN201810878362 A CN 201810878362A CN 109089726 A CN109089726 A CN 109089726A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
A kind of cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom cultivates step are as follows: (1) prepares culture material: adding Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution in culture material, and is uniformly mixed；The weight ratio of Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution and culture material is 20:(450~550)；Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution is to be added in 20 jin of clear water to be mixed to get using 30 milliliters of Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer；Clear water is added in culture material, it is 60~65% that clear water, which is supplemented to culture material water content,；It is packed after adjusting moisture with polybag, sack obtains bacterium bag using plastic sheath ring taps cotton or with yarn tying；(2) bacterium bag sterilizes；(3) it is inoculated with；(4) germicidal management；(5) management of producing mushroom；(6) insect pest preventing and controlling；(7) it picks and post-processes.This method, which can be stablized, cultivates high-quality selenium-rich elegant precious mushroom.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, specially a kind of cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom.
Background technique
Elegant precious mushroom (Pleurotus geesteranus) also known as handle mushroom, one kind of oyster mushroom, belong on taxology true
Bacterium door, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, Pleurotus.Elegant precious mushroom quality is tender and crisp, fresh and sweet tasty and refreshing, delicious flavour, full of nutrition,
Edible and medical value with higher is the strain excellent in oyster cap fungus.It is the nutrition food of a kind of high protein, low fat
Product, protein content is 3~6 times higher than general vegetables close to meat, and its quality is delicate, and fiber content is few；More may be used
Expensive to be, it, which contains ethnic group itself, to manufacture, and threonine, the lysine etc. usually lacked in food.This kind of edible mushroom shape
Shape is small and exquisite, delicious in taste, very popular, in very great demand in the international market, and development prospect is wide.
Selenium is microelement necessary to a kind of human body, has anticancer, anti-oxidant (aging) and improves the immunity of the human body, is short of money
The biological characteristics such as preventing from heavy metal.It is 50~250 micrograms that daily intaking amount is recommended by Chinese Soclety of Nutrition.But the day selenium of China adult is taken the photograph
Enter amount and only have 26~50 μ g, therefore, the bad situation of selemium nutrition is generally existing in China.China have 72% the low selenium in county (city) or
There are Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, certain cancers in selenium deficiency, the serious selenium deficiency area such as Heilungkiang, the Inner Mongol, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan
District occurred frequently (such as Jiangsu Qidong City) area Ye Shudixi.The data that WHO is announced shows that the whole world has a country more than 40 to belong to low selenium or lack
Selenium area.Selenium-rich agricultural and sideline product is human body supplement selenium element effective way, and therefore, technique of enriched selenium is scientists study exploitation
Hot fields.Selenium deficiency can induce cardiovascular disease, tumour, Keshan disease etc..It is excessive to take the photograph selenium amount, is easy to happen selenosis.Nutrition
Family points out, in addition to dietary fiber, edible mushroom contains the complete nutrients matter of needed by human body, and it is edible that an adult eats 100g daily
Bacterium can obtain 15~17g high-quality protein；600mg calcium can be obtained, the 80% of daily requirement is equivalent to；Human body hot need daily can be met
To be measured 11%, but Se content is lower than 5 μ g/kg in general edible mushroom.
As people gradually more pay attention to health, the organic products of selenium-rich is more pursued by people.Research is
Show that edible mushroom has stronger selenium-rich and Selenium endurance.Hechi City, Guangxi is that national year silkworm and mulberry plant big city, plants Sang Yangcan's
Agricultural wastes ramulus mori, Se content is up to 0.05 μ g/kg or more.Therefore, especially elegant using the powder of ramulus mori containing selenium production edible mushroom
Precious mushroom, selenium is typically up to 0.22mg/kg or so according to surveying and determination, determines by Guangxi selenium-rich association, and selenium-enriched edible mushroom Se content should be stablized
Within the scope of 0.15~2.0mg/kg.Natural selenium-rich elegant precious mushroom can be directly produced using ramulus mori, but because ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom Se content becomes
Change greatly, Se content is relatively low, easily causes selenium enriched oyster mushroom defect rate.So, how to be stablized using ramulus mori and cultivate selenium enriched oyster mushroom
As a very important project.
Summary of the invention
Mesh of the invention is to provide a kind of cultural method that stable can cultivate high-quality selenium-rich elegant precious mushroom.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom, it is characterised in that: cultivation step are as follows:
(1) prepare culture material: adding Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution in culture material, and be uniformly mixed；Chelating state selemium nutrition
The weight ratio of liquid fertilizer solution and culture material is 20:(450~550)；Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution is the chela using 30 milliliters
Conjunction state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer, which is added in 20 jin of clear water, to be mixed to get；Clear water is added in culture material, clear water is supplemented to culture material and contains
Water is 60~65%；It is packed after adjusting moisture with polybag, sack obtains bacterium using plastic sheath ring taps cotton or with yarn tying
Packet；Preferred: culture material is before adding clear water, also further addition mashed carrot, and the weight ratio of mashed carrot and culture material is (5
~10): 100.The mashed carrot is to smash to obtain using cooking machine by carrot.Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer is using poly- good fortune
Selenium Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer, is the novel selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer of Guilin Gui Zhu Biotechnology Co., Ltd development and production, address:
The Guilin industry park the Su Qiao road Hong Yuan 2, poly- good fortune selenium Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer are also Guangxi scientific research and technology development plan
Project developing products, Guangxi Se-rich farm products association recommended products.Charging can pack by hand, preferably be charged using sack filling machine,
The polybag charging for selecting 17 × 33 × 0.055cm, is 1250~1400 grams or so per packed wet feed weight, sack uses plastic sheath
Ring taps cotton or with yarn tying.
(2) bacterium bag sterilizes: sterilizing of doing the cooking in time after pack, high pressure sterilization requires 0.103 megapascal, or is placed in 100 DEG C of high temperature
10~12h of sterilizing and 7~9h of heat preservation in atmospheric sterilizing stove；
(3) it is inoculated with: when material temperature in bacterium bag is down to 28 DEG C or less, selecting night or early in the morning, be inscribed in desinfection chamber or inoculating hood
Kind；Staff finishes changing clothes, with bromogeramine solution or protects mushroom king cleaning strain vessel surface and washes one's hands；Then strain is removed
Enter transfer room, then with being just inoculated with after 75% alcohol hand；With set ring taps cotton mouthful, tampon is extracted, returns fork pockets after accessing strain
Mouthful；Jag mouth can in bag, one 2 centimetres wide of inoculation cave is made a call in side in front, then access strain, pocket adhesive plaster seals；Every bottle of show
Precious mushroom strains can connect 30~40 bags.
(4) germicidal management: the bacterium bag after inoculation moves into indoor restocking bacterium germination culture in time, and sack is unified towards one when restocking
Face, so as to insect prevention and the management of spraying.It is careful not to throw out without care when loading and unloading bacteria stick, rash-and-rough way of loading and unloading, in order to avoid cause bacterium bag breakage to miscellaneous bacteria
Pollution.It such as finds bacterium bag breakage, pastes breakage with transparent rubberized fabric after being sterilized with lime water, reduce miscellaneous bacteria infection rate.On
Film maintenance should be closed within frame head three days, keeps constant temperature conducive to the growth of strain implantation.Environment temperature rests in 24~26 DEG C or so, is conducive to bacterium
Silk sprouts field planting.As mycelia metabolism is accelerated after 4th day, body temperature rises in bag, should be adjusted to 22~23 DEG C at this time, and one
Until mycelia covers with bacterium bag and can reach physiological maturity (35 days long pursefuls of mycelia after general inoculation).Usually it is noted that observation film
The variation of interior temperature and humidity, view temperature, humidity condition take off film and divulge information, and humidity, which is subject on film, does not hang droplet.The temperature of bacteria is kept
At 28 degree hereinafter, being advisable with 20 to 25 degree, temperature is excessively high, should take off film and be aerated, to prevent burning out strain because temperature is excessively high.?
During bacteria, if Changes in weather atmosphere temperature increases, pays attention to observing living contaminants situation, Neurospora is infected, can be used
Quick lime or bleaching powder sprinkling.Green mold great for harmfulness infects bacteria stick, then should clear up in time, prevents from expanding infection model
It encloses.After mycelia covers with 2/3rds or more of bacterium bag, bag one is turned over to more than twice, and selects the consistent bacterium bag category set of growth
Middle storage, every row's sack arranges in opposite directions when turning over packet discharge is conducive to receive mushroom.
(5) management of producing mushroom: the management of producing mushroom of the first damp mushroom: the formation development of elegant precious mushroom fructification and temperature, humidity, light
According to, ventilation have close relationship, to form more neat former base, need at least 8 DEG C of low temperature thermal stimulation.Especially with
The nutrient accumulation of one damp mushroom mycelia is concentrated the most, so the yield in future is also highest in all tides time.Elegant precious mushroom will obtain
Apparent tide, it is necessary to low-temperature treatment carried out to cultivation bacterium bag, general off-season cultivation when temperature it is constant at 25 degree or more when, can
Bag refrigeration fruiting is optionally opened, each cooling time is 12 hours, and temperature difference control is in 12 to 15 degree.Using cold stimulation fruiting, system
It is cold first three started to spray water by five days and support packet, optionally spray water 1 to 2 times daily, canopy opened after refrigeration and releases cold air, edge when opening bag
Neck ring polybag is sliced off, scrape off the former base of original old strain or hypertrophy.When temperature of shed and close Air Temperature, depending on feelings
Condition water spray is primary, then canopy is sealed, and requirement of this stage to ventilation is not strict, make the control of CO2 concentration 1000ppm with
It is lower.Former base has begun differentiation on visible charge level after 3~5 days, and forms a large amount of mushroom flower bud of row, when enhancing ventilation is with illumination
Between or whole day ventilation, but humidity has to be maintained at 85-90%.Mushroom flower bud differentiation at this time quickly, waits the elongation of mushrooms handle up to 3~4cm, bacterium
Lid diameter can be spared no effort to by spraying when gradually open and flat up to 2cm, that is, cap with subtle sprayer, and cloud point can be sprayed directly on on mushroom body, especially be existed
Under the dry weather condition of fine day, carefully to spray and frequently spray, it is main to improve place air humidity, so that humidity is maintained at 85%~95% left side
The right side can suitably spray to mushroom body is slightly larger less, avoid mushroom volume of water.The color of cap is not only influenced by strain characteristic, is also illuminated by the light
Influence, intensity of illumination is big, and cap color is deep；The concentration of carbon dioxide determines the length of elegant precious mushroom stem, to reach market pair
The quality requirements of longer stem need suitably to adjust ventilation, increase the gas concentration lwevel length bright to mushroom into adjusting.If mushroom
Fruiting is less neat in room, then needs to shift the bacterium bag newly adopted, to facilitate the management of producing mushroom of other bacterium bags.One damp mushroom is all adopted
After complete, preferably the same day, which can all shave, (scrapes off the old root in surface and withered young mushroom and mushroom flower bud, these places are easiest to by Diptera
The harm of pest and rotten packet), as long as the humidity of mushroom house maintains 70~80% at this time, not directly spray water to charge level.This
The purpose of sample is exactly to allow compost dry tack free a bit, and can prevent mildew in this way largely occurs and prevent incubating for part worm's ovum
Change and (can be used sprayer to spray some mists slightly daily when too dry), with this condition bacteria 7~10 days.The pipe of second damp mushroom
Reason: it can optionally need to carry out bacterium bag immersion processing that (treatment measures are to scrape off the slightly dry training in surface with knife before the second damp mushroom fruiting
There are two purposes for nutriment, in this way processing: one is some worm's ovums and scab that removes surface and may carry；The other is increasing bacterium
The water imbibition of packet in a short time.As soon as immersion in general day can make bacterium bag surge 30~50 grams, this is that good next damp mushroom mentions out
Supply the guarantee of moisture content), there is preferably separately handling for mildew at this time, with anti-cross infection, especially it is noted that moisturizing after refrigeration
Processing can cost non-woven fabrics again and spray water at any time moisturizing, and increase the light application time and the frequency of mushroom house.Show again to mushroom flower bud
Afterwards, management is with the first tide, and ventilation is particularly important with moisturizing at this time.The management of third tide, the 4th tide and five or six tides etc. is the same as two
Tide is similar, it is important to will be properly in a bacteria and the processing surged.The processing of last damp mushroom: the tail portion of bacterium bag can be opened to part bag
Face, out last batch of mushroom.Basic management mode is the same as above two tides.Use sawdust as main cultivation matrix, the show that can go out 5 tides is precious
Mushroom, it is preceding 3 tide time between at least take bacteria 12 days, after 3 damp mushrooms, the bacteria time will at 7 days or more, cultivation the later period, bacterium bag lose
Water is more serious, need to be kept the skin wet by the method for filling the water or soaking packet to bacterium bag.In fruiting stage, need to reinforce anti-to pest and disease damage
It controls.
(6) insect pest preventing and controlling: ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom disease pest, which is put, controls Technical comparing maturation, for the Major Pests mushroom of ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom
The prevention and treatment of mosquito, mushroom fly and acarid, based on prevention and physical control, every row hang yellow plate 6 open, 60 mesh fly nets, trap lamp, bait
Mode prevents and treats.Mainly reinforce yellow blight ventilation, sprinkling lime, the high temperature and humidity that is staggered resurgence weather opens the measures such as bag fruiting,
Guarantee the success of the test of ramulus mori selenium enriched oyster mushroom.
(7) pick and post-process: harvesting fresh mushroom is the final tache and fresh-keeping and processing initial ring of elegant precious mushroom cultivation
Section；To accomplish when harvesting in due course it is lossless, gently take, put down gently, is with light packs；Meanwhile harvesting should stop water spray or few water spray for first 2 days, be conducive to
The fresh-keeping and processing of fresh mushroom；Fresh mushroom is arranged after harvesting in time, removes the sundries on stem, and cut off part bacterium by commodity requirement
The fructification that handle, the damaged mushroom of detection and pest and disease damage infect.Edible fungus fresh-keeping can use for reference postharvest technology of fruits and vegetables, using simple packet
The method storage of the side such as dress, refrigeration, low temperature air conditioned storage.Wherein simple pack mainly utilizes plastic food-case, has the small carton in hole etc.
It is packed, it is simple and easy to do, cost is relatively low.The method is suitable for short-term fresh-keeping needs, be incorporated into it is stored refrigerated, generally can be with
It protects 10 days and never degenerates, mode of appearance is also substantially unchanged.
Both ends mushroom springing method is generally used using mobile Refrigeration Technique plantation ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom, after every three tide of fruiting is secondary, bacterium
Packet starts to be dehydrated skinning atrophy, is unable to fruiting.Because elegant precious mushroom bacterium bag is 22 centimetres or so long, after three tide of fruiting of both ends, bacterium bag
The nutrition at middle part is not exhausted, and mycelia is pure white also to have growth fructification ability.Therefore, it after last damp mushroom, uses
Thin blade cuts off bacterium bag from middle part, lays flat on ground, and by supplementing certain potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sugared part, phosphorus selenium potassium dihydrogen adds
Dosage is the 0.1%~0.3% of bacterium bag weight, and sugared part can add blackstrap, and blackstrap dosage is the 0.5%~0.1% of bacterium bag weight；
Bacteria after two weeks, with mud covering is burnt, burns mud and breaks into flour covering, with a thickness of 0.5~1 centimetre, water drenching moisturizing increases temperature
Difference, moreover it is possible to which the elegant precious mushroom bacterium bag for promoting multiple fruiting goes out one batch of elegant precious mushroom again, improves biological conversion rate.After mud is burnt in covering, use
Covering with ground sheeting, obtained elegant precious mushroom condition are good.
Culture material includes that the raw material of following parts by weight is made: 70~80 parts of ramulus mori particle, 15~25 parts of wheat bran, lime 1
~3 parts, 0.5~1.5 part of precipitated calcium carbonate, 0.4~0.6 part of perlite particle, 0.2~0.4 part of phosphorus selenium potassium dihydrogen, magnesium sulfate
0.04~0.06 part；The ramulus mori particle is the particle for being ground into granule size using mulberry tree and being 2~3 millimeters and passes through stacking
Fermentation obtains；Perlite particle is that the particle for being 1~2mm in size is crushed using perlite.
The preparation process of the ramulus mori particle are as follows:
(1) particle that granule size is 2~3 millimeters is ground into using mulberry tree；
(2) mulberry tree particle is placed on cement court and builds heap, 5~8m of heap bottom width, high 1.8~2m, length is unlimited, is in turtleback shape；
Water spray uniformly irrigates, and gives free rein to ferment；After 5~6 days, the 1st turning is carried out, inside and outside, upper and lower sawdust position is made every effort in turning
It exchanges, it is uniform to reach fermentation；It waters primary, soften wood fibre expansion and utilizes micro- in heap at interval of turning in 7 days later
The fermentation preliminary exposition fiber of biology, entire sawdust fermentation process need 22~30 days, and sawdust is in dark brown, have a fixation
Taste can use.
Anti-season ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom generally in annual cultivar in 1~March, is cooled down, artificially for 6~October with mobile air conditioner
The temperature difference of 8~12 DEG C of manufacture irritates, and oyster mushroom pieces is promoted to break up fruiting.Since anti-elegant Seasonal Production elegant precious mushroom is in the high warm season
Section, moisture evaporation is big, and dehydration is serious, is unfavorable for absorption of the elegant precious mushroom fructification to selenium.After bacterium bag dehydration, it is disconnected that bacterium bag shrinks mycelia
It splits, often results in the tide time elegant precious mushroom of production one, two because bacterium bag water shortage is to declining yield sharply.The cultivation of the application selenium enriched oyster mushroom
The culture material that method uses is by ramulus mori particle, wheat bran, lime, precipitated calcium carbonate, perlite particle, phosphorus selenium potassium dihydrogen and sulfuric acid
Magnesium is uniformly mixed, and is added Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution and be uniformly mixed, and is finally obtained cultivation matrix by pack sterilizing, is added
After adding Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution and acinous perlite, because its fertilizer conservation performance that absorbs water is strong, the water content of bacterium bag can be improved,
Increase the validity of selenium fertilizer, and can increase the aeration etc. of bacterium bag, in conjunction with bacterium bag sterilizing, inoculation, germicidal management, fruiting pipe
Reason, insect pest preventing and controlling and picking and post-processing are conducive to the growth of mycelia and increase elegant precious mushroom yield, and defect rate is lower than 5%.This
Mashed carrot is also further added in the cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom in culture material, and addition mashed carrot makes cultivation matrix nutrition more
It is abundant, the fresher and tenderer sweetness of selenium enriched oyster mushroom produced.Method of the invention, will with thin blade after last damp mushroom
Bacterium bag is cut off from middle part, is laid flat on ground, by supplementing certain potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sugared part；Bacteria after two weeks, is covered with baked wheaten cake mud
Lid, water drenching moisturizing increase the temperature difference, moreover it is possible to which the elegant precious mushroom bacterium bag for promoting multiple fruiting goes out one batch of elegant precious mushroom again, improves biological conversion
Rate, the elegant precious mushroom of more 10% or more harvests.Carrot is also further added before adding clear water in culture material in the step (1)
The weight ratio of mud, mashed carrot and culture material is (5~10): 100.The mashed carrot is to smash carrot using cooking machine
It obtains.The reasons why mashed carrot is added is the content for increasing the vitamin B and C of culture material, and elegant precious mushroom growth course is also required to
Vitamin has vitamin, and the selenium enriched oyster mushroom speed of growth is fast, and eating mouth feel is more preferable.
Specific embodiment
For the more detailed introduction present invention, below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
It can cultivate to obtain selenium enriched oyster mushroom using following steps:
(1) prepare culture material: adding Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution in culture material, and be uniformly mixed；Chelating state selemium nutrition
The weight ratio of liquid fertilizer solution and culture material is 20:(450~550)；Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution is the chela using 30 milliliters
Conjunction state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer, which is added in 20 jin of clear water, to be mixed to get；Clear water is added in culture material, clear water is supplemented to culture material and contains
Water is 60~65%；It is packed after adjusting moisture with polybag, sack obtains bacterium using plastic sheath ring taps cotton or with yarn tying
Packet.
(2) bacterium bag sterilizes: sterilizing of doing the cooking in time after pack, high pressure sterilization requires 0.103 megapascal, or is placed in 100 DEG C of high temperature
The interior sterilizing 11h of atmospheric sterilizing stove simultaneously keeps the temperature 8h.
(3) it is inoculated with: when material temperature in bacterium bag is down to 28 DEG C or less, selection night or early in the morning, in desinfection chamber or inoculating hood
Inoculation；Staff finishes changing clothes, with bromogeramine solution or protects mushroom king cleaning strain vessel surface and washes one's hands；Then by strain
Move in transfer room, then with being just inoculated with after 75% alcohol hand；With set ring taps cotton mouthful, tampon is extracted, accesses Hui Sai after strain
Sack；Jag mouth can in bag, one 2 centimetres wide of inoculation cave is made a call in side in front, then access strain, pocket adhesive plaster seals；Every bottle
Elegant precious mushroom strain can connect 30~40 bags；
(4) germicidal management: the bacterium bag after inoculation moves into indoor restocking bacterium germination culture in time, and sack is unified towards one side when restocking,
So as to insect prevention and the management of spraying；It such as finds bacterium bag breakage, pastes breakage with transparent rubberized fabric after being sterilized with lime water, reduce
Miscellaneous bacteria infection rate；Film maintenance should be closed within restocking head three days, keeps constant temperature conducive to the growth of strain implantation；Environment temperature rests in 24~26
DEG C or so, it is conducive to mycelium germination and is colonized；As mycelia metabolism is accelerated after 4th day, body temperature rises in bag, should be adjusted at this time
22~23 DEG C, until mycelia covers with bacterium bag and can reach physiological maturity；The temperature of bacteria is maintained at 20~25 DEG C；Work as bacterium
After filament length expires 2/3rds or more of bacterium bag, bag one is turned over to more than twice, and is selected the consistent bacterium bag classification of growth and left concentratedly,
Every row's sack arranges in opposite directions when turning over packet discharge is conducive to receive mushroom.
(5) management of producing mushroom: using cold stimulation fruiting, and freezing, first three started feeding packet of spraying water by five days, water spray 1 to 2 times daily,
Canopy is opened after refrigeration and releases cold air, slices off polybag along neck ring when opening bag, scrapes off the original of original old strain or hypertrophy
Base；Former base has begun differentiation on visible charge level after 3-5 days, and forms a large amount of mushroom flower bud of row, enhancing ventilation and light application time,
Or whole day ventilation, but humidity will be maintained at 85~90%.
(6) insect pest preventing and controlling: ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom disease pest, which is put, controls Technical comparing maturation, for the Major Pests mushroom of ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom
The prevention and treatment of mosquito, mushroom fly and acarid, based on prevention and physical control, every row hang yellow plate 6 open, 60 mesh fly nets, trap lamp, bait
Mode prevents and treats；Mainly reinforce yellow blight ventilation, sprinkling lime, the high temperature and humidity that is staggered resurgence weather opens the measure of bag fruiting.
(7) pick and post-process: harvesting fresh mushroom is the final tache and fresh-keeping and processing initial ring of elegant precious mushroom cultivation
Section；To accomplish when harvesting in due course it is lossless, gently take, put down gently, is with light packs；Meanwhile harvesting should stop water spray or few water spray for first 2 days, be conducive to
The fresh-keeping and processing of fresh mushroom；Fresh mushroom is arranged after harvesting in time, removes the sundries on stem, and cut off part bacterium by commodity requirement
The fructification that handle, the damaged mushroom of detection and pest and disease damage infect.
The culture material includes that the raw material of following parts by weight is made: 70~80 parts of ramulus mori particle, 15~25 parts of wheat bran,
1~3 part of lime, 0.5~1.5 part of precipitated calcium carbonate, 0.4~0.6 part of perlite particle, 0.2~0.4 part of phosphorus selenium potassium dihydrogen, sulphur
0.04~0.06 part of sour magnesium；The ramulus mori particle is the particle for being ground into granule size using mulberry tree and being 2~3 millimeters and process
Fermentation is stacked to obtain；Perlite particle is that the particle for being 1~2mm in size is crushed using perlite.
The preparation process of the ramulus mori particle are as follows:
(1) particle that granule size is 2~3 millimeters is ground into using mulberry tree；
(2) mulberry tree particle is placed on cement court and builds heap, 5~8m of heap bottom width, high 1.8~2m, length is unlimited, is in turtleback shape；
Water spray uniformly irrigates, and gives free rein to ferment；After 5~6 days, the 1st turning is carried out, inside and outside, upper and lower sawdust position is made every effort in turning
It exchanges, it is uniform to reach fermentation；It waters primary, soften wood fibre expansion and utilizes micro- in heap at interval of turning in 7 days later
The fermentation preliminary exposition fiber of biology, entire sawdust fermentation process need 22~30 days, and sawdust is in dark brown, have a fixation
Taste can use.
Embodiment 2
It can cultivate to obtain selenium enriched oyster mushroom using following steps:
(1) prepare culture material: adding Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution in culture material, and be uniformly mixed；Chelating state selemium nutrition
The weight ratio of liquid fertilizer solution and culture material is 20:(450~550)；Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution is the chela using 30 milliliters
Conjunction state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer, which is added in 20 jin of clear water, to be mixed to get；Clear water is added in culture material, clear water is supplemented to culture material and contains
Water is 60~65%；It is packed after adjusting moisture with polybag, sack obtains bacterium using plastic sheath ring taps cotton or with yarn tying
Packet.Culture material is before adding clear water, also further addition mashed carrot, and the weight ratio of mashed carrot and culture material is (5~10):
100.The mashed carrot is to smash to obtain using cooking machine by carrot.
(2) bacterium bag sterilizes: sterilizing of doing the cooking in time after pack, high pressure sterilization requires 0.103 megapascal, or is placed in 100 DEG C of high temperature
The interior sterilizing 11h of atmospheric sterilizing stove simultaneously keeps the temperature 8h.
(3) it is inoculated with: when material temperature in bacterium bag is down to 28 DEG C or less, selection night or early in the morning, in desinfection chamber or inoculating hood
Inoculation；Staff finishes changing clothes, with bromogeramine solution or protects mushroom king cleaning strain vessel surface and washes one's hands；Then by strain
Move in transfer room, then with being just inoculated with after 75% alcohol hand；With set ring taps cotton mouthful, tampon is extracted, accesses Hui Sai after strain
Sack；Jag mouth can in bag, one 2 centimetres wide of inoculation cave is made a call in side in front, then access strain, pocket adhesive plaster seals；Every bottle
Elegant precious mushroom strain can connect 30~40 bags；
(4) germicidal management: the bacterium bag after inoculation moves into indoor restocking bacterium germination culture in time, and sack is unified towards one side when restocking,
So as to insect prevention and the management of spraying；It such as finds bacterium bag breakage, pastes breakage with transparent rubberized fabric after being sterilized with lime water, reduce
Miscellaneous bacteria infection rate；Film maintenance should be closed within restocking head three days, keeps constant temperature conducive to the growth of strain implantation；Environment temperature rests in 24~26
DEG C or so, it is conducive to mycelium germination and is colonized；As mycelia metabolism is accelerated after 4th day, body temperature rises in bag, should be adjusted at this time
22~23 DEG C, until mycelia covers with bacterium bag and can reach physiological maturity；The temperature of bacteria is maintained at 20~25 DEG C；Work as bacterium
After filament length expires 2/3rds or more of bacterium bag, bag one is turned over to more than twice, and is selected the consistent bacterium bag classification of growth and left concentratedly,
Every row's sack arranges in opposite directions when turning over packet discharge is conducive to receive mushroom.
(5) management of producing mushroom: using cold stimulation fruiting, and freezing, first three started feeding packet of spraying water by five days, water spray 1 to 2 times daily,
Canopy is opened after refrigeration and releases cold air, slices off polybag along neck ring when opening bag, scrapes off the original of original old strain or hypertrophy
Base；Former base has begun differentiation on visible charge level after 3-5 days, and forms a large amount of mushroom flower bud of row, enhancing ventilation and light application time,
Or whole day ventilation, but humidity will be maintained at 85~90%.
(6) insect pest preventing and controlling: ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom disease pest, which is put, controls Technical comparing maturation, for the Major Pests mushroom of ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom
The prevention and treatment of mosquito, mushroom fly and acarid, based on prevention and physical control, every row hang yellow plate 6 open, 60 mesh fly nets, trap lamp, bait
Mode prevents and treats；Mainly reinforce yellow blight ventilation, sprinkling lime, the high temperature and humidity that is staggered resurgence weather opens the measure of bag fruiting.
(7) pick and post-process: harvesting fresh mushroom is the final tache and fresh-keeping and processing initial ring of elegant precious mushroom cultivation
Section；To accomplish when harvesting in due course it is lossless, gently take, put down gently, is with light packs；Meanwhile harvesting should stop water spray or few water spray for first 2 days, be conducive to
The fresh-keeping and processing of fresh mushroom；Fresh mushroom is arranged after harvesting in time, removes the sundries on stem, and cut off part bacterium by commodity requirement
The fructification that handle, the damaged mushroom of detection and pest and disease damage infect.
The culture material includes that the raw material of following parts by weight is made: 70~80 parts of ramulus mori particle, 15~25 parts of wheat bran,
1~3 part of lime, 0.5~1.5 part of precipitated calcium carbonate, 0.4~0.6 part of perlite particle, 0.2~0.4 part of phosphorus selenium potassium dihydrogen, sulphur
0.04~0.06 part of sour magnesium；The ramulus mori particle is the particle for being ground into granule size using mulberry tree and being 2~3 millimeters and process
Fermentation is stacked to obtain；Perlite particle is that the particle for being 1~2mm in size is crushed using perlite.
The preparation process of the ramulus mori particle are as follows:
(1) particle that granule size is 2~3 millimeters is ground into using mulberry tree；
(2) mulberry tree particle is placed on cement court and builds heap, 5~8m of heap bottom width, high 1.8~2m, length is unlimited, is in turtleback shape；
Water spray uniformly irrigates, and gives free rein to ferment；After 5~6 days, the 1st turning is carried out, inside and outside, upper and lower sawdust position is made every effort in turning
It exchanges, it is uniform to reach fermentation；It waters primary, soften wood fibre expansion and utilizes micro- in heap at interval of turning in 7 days later
The fermentation preliminary exposition fiber of biology, entire sawdust fermentation process need 22~30 days, and sawdust is in dark brown, have a fixation
Taste can use.
Embodiment 3
It can cultivate to obtain selenium enriched oyster mushroom using following steps:
(1) prepare culture material: adding Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution in culture material, and be uniformly mixed；Chelating state selemium nutrition
The weight ratio of liquid fertilizer solution and culture material is 20:(450~550)；Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution is the chela using 30 milliliters
Conjunction state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer, which is added in 20 jin of clear water, to be mixed to get；Clear water is added in culture material, clear water is supplemented to culture material and contains
Water is 60~65%；It is packed after adjusting moisture with polybag, sack obtains bacterium using plastic sheath ring taps cotton or with yarn tying
Packet.
(2) bacterium bag sterilizes: sterilizing of doing the cooking in time after pack, high pressure sterilization requires 0.103 megapascal, or is placed in 100 DEG C of high temperature
The interior sterilizing 11h of atmospheric sterilizing stove simultaneously keeps the temperature 8h.
(3) it is inoculated with: when material temperature in bacterium bag is down to 28 DEG C or less, selection night or early in the morning, in desinfection chamber or inoculating hood
Inoculation；Staff finishes changing clothes, with bromogeramine solution or protects mushroom king cleaning strain vessel surface and washes one's hands；Then by strain
Move in transfer room, then with being just inoculated with after 75% alcohol hand；With set ring taps cotton mouthful, tampon is extracted, accesses Hui Sai after strain
Sack；Jag mouth can in bag, one 2 centimetres wide of inoculation cave is made a call in side in front, then access strain, pocket adhesive plaster seals；Every bottle
Elegant precious mushroom strain can connect 30~40 bags；
(4) germicidal management: the bacterium bag after inoculation moves into indoor restocking bacterium germination culture in time, and sack is unified towards one side when restocking,
So as to insect prevention and the management of spraying；It such as finds bacterium bag breakage, pastes breakage with transparent rubberized fabric after being sterilized with lime water, reduce
Miscellaneous bacteria infection rate；Film maintenance should be closed within restocking head three days, keeps constant temperature conducive to the growth of strain implantation；Environment temperature rests in 24~26
DEG C or so, it is conducive to mycelium germination and is colonized；As mycelia metabolism is accelerated after 4th day, body temperature rises in bag, should be adjusted at this time
22~23 DEG C, until mycelia covers with bacterium bag and can reach physiological maturity；The temperature of bacteria is maintained at 20~25 DEG C；Work as bacterium
After filament length expires 2/3rds or more of bacterium bag, bag one is turned over to more than twice, and is selected the consistent bacterium bag classification of growth and left concentratedly,
Every row's sack arranges in opposite directions when turning over packet discharge is conducive to receive mushroom.
(5) management of producing mushroom: using cold stimulation fruiting, and freezing, first three started feeding packet of spraying water by five days, water spray 1 to 2 times daily,
Canopy is opened after refrigeration and releases cold air, slices off polybag along neck ring when opening bag, scrapes off the original of original old strain or hypertrophy
Base；Former base has begun differentiation on visible charge level after 3~5 days, and forms a large amount of mushroom flower bud of row, enhancing ventilation and light application time,
Or whole day ventilation, but humidity will be maintained at 85~90%.After last damp mushroom, bacterium bag is cut off from middle part with thin blade, flatwise
On face, by supplementing certain potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sugared part, phosphorus selenium potassium dihydrogen additive amount is the 0.1%~0.3% of bacterium bag weight, sugar
Part can add blackstrap, and blackstrap dosage is the 0.5%~0.1% of bacterium bag weight；Bacteria after two weeks, with mud covering is burnt, is burnt
Mud breaks into flour covering, and with a thickness of 0.5~1 centimetre, water drenching moisturizing increases the temperature difference, and 10~12 DEG C of the temperature difference, moreover it is possible to promote multiple fruiting
Elegant precious mushroom bacterium bag again go out one batch of elegant precious mushroom, improve biological conversion rate.
(6) insect pest preventing and controlling: ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom disease pest, which is put, controls Technical comparing maturation, for the Major Pests mushroom of ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom
The prevention and treatment of mosquito, mushroom fly and acarid, based on prevention and physical control, every row hang yellow plate 6 open, 60 mesh fly nets, trap lamp, bait
Mode prevents and treats；Mainly reinforce yellow blight ventilation, sprinkling lime, the high temperature and humidity that is staggered resurgence weather opens the measure of bag fruiting.
(7) pick and post-process: harvesting fresh mushroom is the final tache and fresh-keeping and processing initial ring of elegant precious mushroom cultivation
Section；To accomplish when harvesting in due course it is lossless, gently take, put down gently, is with light packs；Meanwhile harvesting should stop water spray or few water spray for first 2 days, be conducive to
The fresh-keeping and processing of fresh mushroom；Fresh mushroom is arranged after harvesting in time, removes the sundries on stem, and cut off part bacterium by commodity requirement
The fructification that handle, the damaged mushroom of detection and pest and disease damage infect.
The culture material includes that the raw material of following parts by weight is made: 70~80 parts of ramulus mori particle, 15~25 parts of wheat bran,
1~3 part of lime, 0.5~1.5 part of precipitated calcium carbonate, 0.4~0.6 part of perlite particle, 0.2~0.4 part of phosphorus selenium potassium dihydrogen, sulphur
0.04~0.06 part of sour magnesium；The ramulus mori particle is the particle for being ground into granule size using mulberry tree and being 2~3 millimeters and process
Fermentation is stacked to obtain；Perlite particle is that the particle for being 1~2mm in size is crushed using perlite.
The preparation process of the ramulus mori particle are as follows:
(1) particle that granule size is 2~3 millimeters is ground into using mulberry tree；
(2) mulberry tree particle is placed on cement court and builds heap, 5~8m of heap bottom width, high 1.8~2m, length is unlimited, is in turtleback shape；
Water spray uniformly irrigates, and gives free rein to ferment；After 5~6 days, the 1st turning is carried out, inside and outside, upper and lower sawdust position is made every effort in turning
It exchanges, it is uniform to reach fermentation；It waters primary, soften wood fibre expansion and utilizes micro- in heap at interval of turning in 7 days later
The fermentation preliminary exposition fiber of biology, entire sawdust fermentation process need 22~30 days, and sawdust is in dark brown, have a fixation
Taste can use.
Application Example
1, Hechi City, Guangxi Yizhou area Chen, it is former according to its logging using ramulus mori cultivation of selenium-rich elegant precious mushroom (platform show 57)
Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer is not first added, and the selenium enriched oyster mushroom defect rate cultivated is up to 30% or more；Later, Chen existed
Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer is added in cultivation matrix, the selenium elegant precious mushroom defect rate cultivated is 15% or so, a few months ago, old
So-and-so starts to be added perlite particle in cultivation matrix using method cultivation of selenium-rich elegant precious mushroom of the invention, cultivated
Selenium enriched oyster mushroom defect rate is lower than 5%, and yield improves 8.5% than original.Secondly it also added mashed carrot in cultivation base, cultivate
Obtained selenium enriched oyster mushroom color is more preferable, and taste is also more fresh and sweet.Chen will be from not adding added with mashed carrot and mashed carrot
Cultivation base in the selenium enriched oyster mushroom cultivated, using identical cooking methods it is cooked after, tasted to 10 volunteers, 10
The selenium enriched oyster mushroom taste that volunteer unanimously thinks that the cultivation matrix added with mashed carrot is cultivated is more fresh and sweet.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom, it is characterised in that: cultivation step are as follows:
(1) prepare culture material: adding Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution in culture material, and be uniformly mixed；Chelating state selemium nutrition
The weight ratio of liquid fertilizer solution and culture material is 20:(450~550)；Chelating state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer solution is the chela using 30 milliliters
Conjunction state selemium nutrition liquid fertilizer, which is added in 20 jin of clear water, to be mixed to get；Clear water is added in culture material, clear water is supplemented to culture material and contains
Water is 60~65%；It is packed after adjusting moisture with polybag, sack obtains bacterium using plastic sheath ring taps cotton or with yarn tying
Packet；
(2) bacterium bag sterilizes: sterilizing of doing the cooking in time after pack, high pressure sterilization requires 0.103 megapascal, or is placed in 100 DEG C of high-temperature pressures
10~12h of sterilizing and 7~9h of heat preservation in sterilizing kitchen；
(3) it is inoculated with: when material temperature in bacterium bag is down to 28 DEG C or less, selecting night or early in the morning, be inscribed in desinfection chamber or inoculating hood
Kind；Staff finishes changing clothes, with bromogeramine solution or protects mushroom king cleaning strain vessel surface and washes one's hands；Then strain is removed
Enter transfer room, then with being just inoculated with after 75% alcohol hand；With set ring taps cotton mouthful, tampon is extracted, returns fork pockets after accessing strain
Mouthful；Jag mouth can in bag, one 2 centimetres wide of inoculation cave is made a call in side in front, then access strain, pocket adhesive plaster seals；Every bottle of show
Precious mushroom strains can connect 30~40 bags；
(4) germicidal management: the bacterium bag after inoculation moves into indoor restocking bacterium germination culture in time, and sack is unified towards one side when restocking,
So as to insect prevention and the management of spraying；It such as finds bacterium bag breakage, pastes breakage with transparent rubberized fabric after being sterilized with lime water, reduce
Miscellaneous bacteria infection rate；Film maintenance should be closed within restocking head three days, keeps constant temperature conducive to the growth of strain implantation；Environment temperature rests in 24~26
DEG C or so, it is conducive to mycelium germination and is colonized；As mycelia metabolism is accelerated after 4th day, body temperature rises in bag, should be adjusted at this time
22~23 DEG C, until mycelia covers with bacterium bag and can reach physiological maturity；The temperature of bacteria is maintained at 20~25 DEG C；Work as bacterium
After filament length expires 2/3rds or more of bacterium bag, bag one is turned over to more than twice, and is selected the consistent bacterium bag classification of growth and left concentratedly,
Every row's sack arranges in opposite directions when turning over packet discharge is conducive to receive mushroom；
(5) management of producing mushroom: using cold stimulation fruiting, and freezing, first three started feeding packet of spraying water by five days, water spray 1 to 2 times daily, refrigeration
Canopy is opened afterwards and releases cold air, slices off polybag along neck ring when opening bag, scrapes off the former base of original old strain or hypertrophy；
Former base has begun differentiation on visible charge level after 3-5 days, and forms a large amount of mushroom flower bud of row, enhancing ventilation and light application time, or complete
Its ventilation, but humidity will be maintained at 85~90%；
(6) insect pest preventing and controlling: ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom disease pest put controls Technical comparing maturation, for ramulus mori elegant precious mushroom Major Pests mushroom mosquito,
The prevention and treatment of mushroom fly and acarid, based on prevention and physical control, every row hang yellow plate 6 open, 60 mesh fly nets, trap lamp, bait side
Formula prevention and treatment；It is to reinforce ventilation, sprinkling lime to yellow blight, the high temperature and humidity that is staggered resurgence weather opens the measure of bag fruiting；
(7) pick and post-process: harvesting fresh mushroom is the final tache that elegant precious mushroom is cultivated and fresh-keeping and processing initial link；
To accomplish when harvesting in due course it is lossless, gently take, put down gently, is with light packs；Meanwhile harvesting should stop water spray or few water spray for first 2 days, be conducive to fresh mushroom
It is fresh-keeping and processing；Fresh mushroom is arranged after harvesting in time, removes the sundries on stem, and cut off part stem by commodity requirement,
The fructification that the damaged mushroom of detection and pest and disease damage infect.
2. the cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the culture material includes following
The raw material of parts by weight is made: 70~80 parts of ramulus mori particle, 15~25 parts of wheat bran, 1~3 part of lime, precipitated calcium carbonate 0.5~
1.5 parts, 0.4~0.6 part of perlite particle, 0.2~0.4 part of phosphorus selenium potassium dihydrogen, 0.04~0.06 part of magnesium sulfate；The ramulus mori
Particle is the particle for being ground into granule size using mulberry tree and being 2~3 millimeters and obtained by stacking fermentation；Perlite particle is benefit
The particle for being 1~2mm in size is crushed with perlite.
3. the cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the preparation of the ramulus mori particle
Process are as follows:
(1) particle that granule size is 2~3 millimeters is ground into using mulberry tree；
(2) mulberry tree particle is placed on cement court and builds heap, 5~8m of heap bottom width, high 1.8~2m, length is unlimited, is in turtleback shape；
Water spray uniformly irrigates, and gives free rein to ferment；After 5~6 days, the 1st turning is carried out, inside and outside, upper and lower sawdust position is made every effort in turning
It exchanges, it is uniform to reach fermentation；It waters primary, soften wood fibre expansion and utilizes micro- in heap at interval of turning in 7 days later
The fermentation preliminary exposition fiber of biology, entire sawdust fermentation process need 22~30 days, and sawdust is in dark brown, have a fixation
Taste can use.
4. the cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the culture material in step (1) exists
It before adding clear water, goes back and mashed carrot is further added, the weight ratio of mashed carrot and culture material is (5~10): 100.
5. the cultural method of selenium enriched oyster mushroom according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the mashed carrot is will recklessly
Radish smashes to obtain using cooking machine.
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