CN109087813A - 亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰的纳米复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰的纳米复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC=C1 HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940067157 phenylhydrazine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 graphite Alkene Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- SOBJSUHHKNXUBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1=CC=CC=C1.[O-2].[O-2].[Mn+4] Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1.[O-2].[O-2].[Mn+4] SOBJSUHHKNXUBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰纳米的复合材料,它是一种将亲水性石墨烯在有或无苯胺单体和过硫酸铵存在下,与乙酸锰和高锰酸钾共混,采用共沉淀法获得前驱物,再经过马弗炉焙烧得到亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰的纳米复合材料,其制备方法主要是在有或无苯胺单体和过硫酸铵存在下,与乙酸锰和高锰酸钾共混,制得前驱悬浮液,将制得的前驱悬浮液除去上清液、干燥,得到黑褐色固体;将黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,得到亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰纳米的复合材料。本发明制备工艺简单、成本低廉和无环境污染,避免了二氧化锰的团聚,使二氧化锰分布更加均匀,增大复合材料的比表面积,使其在超级电容器和电池等方面得到更加广泛的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料技术领域,特别涉及一种纳米复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
拥有蜂窝状晶体结构的石墨烯只有一个碳原子的厚度,是由单层石墨片以sp2杂化的碳原子紧密排列形成的二维材料,这决定了石墨烯拥有的一系列超乎寻常的性质,如优异导电学性能(载流子迁移率超过1.5×104cm2·V-1·S-1)、巨大的比表面积(约2630m2/g)、极小的电阻率(10-6Ω·cm)、突出的导热性能和力学性能,并显现了稳定的机械性能。随着石墨烯及其复合材料的发展,使其在各个领域得到了广泛应用。
二氧化锰作为超级电容器和电池电极材料,来源广泛、经济环保、制备简单并拥有良好的理论比容量,但其存在的问题也是显而易见的比如导电性差和表面形态密集等,这使得它的实际应用被大大限制。由于石墨烯具备稳定的机械性能,良好的电化学性能,使得石墨烯负载二氧化锰成为近年来的研究热点。复合材料中的石墨烯能明显的提高电极的导电子能力,但由于石墨烯的溶解性差,复合的均匀性并不理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备工艺简单、成本低廉、无环境污染、能够避免二氧化锰的团聚、使得二氧化锰分布更加均匀、能够增大纳米复合材料的比表面积的亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰的纳米复合材料及制备方法。
本发明的亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰的纳米复合材料是一种将亲水性石墨烯在有或无苯胺单体和过硫酸铵存在下,与乙酸锰和高锰酸钾共混,采用共沉淀法获得前驱物,再经过马弗炉焙烧得到亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰的纳米复合材料。
本发明采用的亲水性石墨烯为专利号为201310296390.7的一种石墨烯,其制备方法主要是将氧化石墨烯分散于水中,加入含有磺酸基团的苯肼,通过超声洗涤器超声12h,然后于85℃下反应12h,得到黑色水溶性溶液,过滤除去不溶性杂质,母液可经常压或旋转蒸发器减压浓缩,并除去过量含有磺酸基团的苯肼,然后于60℃下真空干燥,得到亲水性石墨烯。
上述亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰的纳米复合材料的制备方法如下:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.005-0.25g/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;
(2)按质量比乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:亲水性石墨烯=84:36:1-2.43的比例,将乙酸锰加入到步骤(1)的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,再加入浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制得亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰复合的前驱悬浮液;
或按质量比苯胺:盐酸=1-4:462的比例,将苯胺单体和1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,按质量比过硫酸铵:盐酸=1-4:377,将过硫酸铵和1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,按苯胺与亲水性石墨烯的质量比为8.8-35.2:1,苯胺与过硫酸铵质量比为1:2.45的比例,将苯胺的盐酸溶液和过硫酸铵的盐酸溶液依次加入到步骤(1)的亲水性石墨烯溶液,然后在冰水浴下反应12h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液;按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:苯胺(制备上述亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液的苯胺原料量)的质量比=58:25:1-4的比例,将乙酸锰加入到制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液中,再加入浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰前驱悬浮液;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,然后离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)的黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,分别得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料和亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
1、制备工艺简单,原料丰富,成本低廉和无环境污染。
2、避免了二氧化锰的团聚,使得二氧化锰分布更加均匀,增大了纳米复合材料的比表面积,使其在超级电容器和电池等方面得到更加广泛的应用。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例2制得的亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的扫描电镜图。
图2是本发明实施例2制得的亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的X衍射图。
图3是为本发明实施例2制得的亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的透射电镜图。
图4是本发明实施例2制得的亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的循环伏安图。
图5是本发明实施例2制得的亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的循环稳定性图。
图6是本发明实施例7制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的扫描电镜图。
图7是本发明实施例7制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的X衍射图。
图8是本发明实施例7制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的透射电镜图。
图9是本发明实施例7制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的循环伏安图。
图10是本发明实施例7制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的循环稳定性图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.005g/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;
(2)按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:亲水性石墨烯=84:36:1的质量比,将1.47g乙酸锰加入到3.5mL步骤(1)制得的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,再加入20mL浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰复合的前驱悬浮液;
(3)将步骤(2)制备得到的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,然后离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)中制得的固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料GM20。
实施例2:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.109g/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;
(2)按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:亲水性石墨烯=84:36:1.24的质量比,将1.47g乙酸锰加入到0.2mL步骤(1)制得的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,再加入20mL浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰复合的前驱悬浮液;
(3)将步骤(2)制备得到的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,然后离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料GM30。
如图1所示,MnO2颗粒分布在薄片状的HG的表面,且颗粒大小均一,亲水性石墨烯的片层较厚,由于亲水性石墨烯较好的分散性,使得MnO2分布均匀。
如图2所示,产品在2T=12.7°、18.0°、28.7°、37.6°、42.0°、49.9°、56.2°、60.2°、65.5°处出现了衍射峰,分别对应MnO2四方晶型的(100)、(200)、(310)、(121)(301)、(411)、(600)、(521)、(022)晶面的特征衍射峰,这与标准卡片(JCPDS No:44-0141)完全一致。
如图3所示,MnO2纳米颗粒均匀的分布在薄纱状的HG的表面,由于HG的量很小,使得HG被覆盖,不能完全显现出来。
如图4所示,制得的亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰有着矩形形状的循环伏安曲线,属于典型的二氧化锰循环伏安曲线。而且循环伏安曲线基本关于零电流基线对称,当电压发生转向时,电流几乎是在瞬间发生改变,这说明复合电极材料的内阻较小且动力学可逆性良好,具备很好的电容性能。
如图5所示,制得的亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰GM30在电流密度为0.5F/g下的长循环测试,在500圈内比电容有微小的增加,在这之后随着圈数的增加,比电容趋于平稳,体现了复合材料良好的长循环稳定性。
实施例3:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.005g/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;
(2)按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:亲水性石墨烯=84:36:1.66的质量比将1.47g乙酸锰加入到5.8mL步骤(1)制得的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,再加入20mL浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰复合的前驱悬浮液;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,然后离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料GM40。
实施例4:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.25g/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;
(2)按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:亲水性石墨烯=84:36:2.43的质量比将1.47g乙酸锰加入到0.17mL步骤(1)制得的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,再加入20mL浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰复合的前驱悬浮液;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,然后离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)中制得的黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,分别得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料GM50。
实施例5:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.145mg/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;
(2)按苯胺:盐酸=1:462的质量比,将25μL苯胺单体和10mL 1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,按过硫酸铵:盐酸=1:377的质量比,将0.0625g过硫酸铵和20mL 1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,将上述苯胺的盐酸溶液与过硫酸铵的盐酸溶液加入到20mL步骤(1)制备得到的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,然后在冰水浴下反应12h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液;
(3)按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:苯胺的质量比=58:25:1的比例,将1.47g乙酸锰加入到20mL(1)中制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液中,再加入20mL浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰前驱悬浮液,将制得的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,然后离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料GMP25。
实施例6:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.145mg/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;
(2)按苯胺:盐酸=2:462的质量比,将50μL苯胺单体和10mL 1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,按过硫酸铵:盐酸=2:377的质量比,将0.125g过硫酸铵和20mL 1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,将上述苯胺的盐酸溶液与过硫酸铵的盐酸溶液加入到20mL步骤(1)制得的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,然后在冰水浴下反应12h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液;
(3)按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:苯胺(制备上述亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液的苯胺原料量)的质量比=58:25:2的比例,将1.47g乙酸锰加入到20mL制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液中,再加入20mL浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰前驱悬浮液,将制得的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料GMP50。
实施例7:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.145mg/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;
(2)按苯胺:盐酸=3:462的质量比,将75μL苯胺单体和10mL 1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,按过硫酸铵:盐酸=3:377的质量比,将0.187g过硫酸铵和20mL 1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,将上述苯胺的盐酸溶液与过硫酸铵的盐酸溶液加入到20mL步骤(1)制得的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,然后在冰水浴下反应12h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液;
(3)按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:苯胺(制备上述亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液的苯胺原料量)的质量比=58:25:3的比例,将1.47g乙酸锰加入到20mL制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液中,再加入20mL浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰前驱悬浮液,将制得的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料GMP75。
如图6所示,MnO2分布更加均匀,孔隙率更大,说明适量的聚苯胺的存在使得MnO2的分散的更加均匀,大大大的降低了MnO2的团聚现象,极大的增加MnO2与电解液之间的接触面积。
如图7所示,在2T=12.7°、18.0°、28.7°、37.6°、42.0°、49.9°、56.2°、60.2°、65.5°处出现了衍射峰,分别对应着MnO2四方晶型的(100)、(200)、(310)、(121)(301)、(411)、(600)、(521)、(022)晶面的特征衍射峰,这与标准卡片(JCPDS No:44-0141)基本一致。
如图8所示,制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰GMP75共有三层结构,最下层的亲水性石墨烯薄层上均匀负载着尺寸均一的纳米颗粒,此纳米颗粒为聚苯胺。而MnO2纳米颗粒则均匀的负载到了聚苯胺纳米颗粒层。
如图9所示,制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺二氧化锰GMP75的循环伏安曲线均为明显的矩形特征,属于典型的二氧化锰循环伏安曲线。而且循环伏安曲线基本关于零电流基线对称,当电压发生转向时,电流几乎是在瞬间发生改变,这说明复合材料内阻较小且具备良好的动力学可逆性,故拥有较好的电容性能。
如图10所示,制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰GMP75在电流密度为0.5F/g下的长循环测试图,在循环1000圈后,电容没有出现衰减,展现了比较稳定的长循环性能。
实施例8:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.145mg/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;
(2)按苯胺:盐酸=4:14.29的质量比,将100μL苯胺单体和10mL 1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,按过硫酸铵:盐酸=4:11.68的质量比,将0.25g过硫酸铵和20mL 1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,将上述苯胺的盐酸溶液与过硫酸铵的盐酸溶液加入到20mL步骤(1)制得的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,然后在冰水浴下反应12h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液;
(3)按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:苯胺(制备上述亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液的苯胺原料量)的质量比=58:25:4的比例,将1.47g乙酸锰加入到20mL制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液中,再加入20mL浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰前驱悬浮液,将步骤(3)制备得到的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料GMP100。
Claims (2)
1.一种亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰纳米复合材料,其特征在于:它是一种将亲水性石墨烯在有或无苯胺单体和过硫酸铵存在下,与乙酸锰和高锰酸钾共混,采用共沉淀法获得前驱物,再经过马弗炉焙烧得到亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰纳米复合材料。
2.权利要求1的亲水性石墨烯与二氧化锰纳米复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)将亲水性石墨烯溶于去离子水中,配制得到浓度为0.005-0.25mg/mL的亲水性石墨烯溶液;所述亲水性石墨烯为专利号为201310296390.7的一种石墨烯,其制备方法主要是将氧化石墨烯分散于水中,加入含有磺酸基团的苯肼,通过超声洗涤器超声12h,然后于85℃下反应12h,得到黑色水溶性溶液,过滤除去不溶性杂质,母液可经常压或旋转蒸发器减压浓缩,并除去过量含有磺酸基团的苯肼,然后于60℃下真空干燥,得到亲水性石墨烯;
(2)按质量比乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:亲水性石墨烯=84:36:1-2.43的比例,将乙酸锰加入到步骤(1)的亲水性石墨烯溶液中,再加入浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制得亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰复合的前驱悬浮液;
或按质量比苯胺:盐酸=1-4:462的比例,将苯胺单体和1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,按质量比过硫酸铵:盐酸=1-4:377,将过硫酸铵和1M盐酸形成的混合溶液,按苯胺与亲水性石墨烯的质量比为8.8-35.2:1,苯胺与过硫酸铵质量比为1:2.45的比例,将苯胺的盐酸溶液和过硫酸铵的盐酸溶液依次加入到步骤(1)的亲水性石墨烯溶液,然后在冰水浴下反应12h,得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液;按乙酸锰:高锰酸钾:苯胺的质量比=58:25:1-4的比例,将乙酸锰加入到制得的亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合溶液中,再加入浓度为31.6mg/mL的高锰酸钾,反应4h,制备得到亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰前驱悬浮液;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的前驱悬浮液,静置,除去上清液,然后依次用去离子水和乙醇洗涤至悬浮液呈弱酸性,然后离心,除去上清液,所得固体于80℃下进行干燥,得到黑褐色固体;
(4)将步骤(3)的黑褐色固体在马弗炉中于450℃下煅烧3h,分别得到亲水性石墨烯-二氧化锰纳米复合材料和亲水性石墨烯-聚苯胺-二氧化锰纳米复合材料。
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