CN109082656A - 五金结构件的加工方法 - Google Patents

五金结构件的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN109082656A
CN109082656A CN201810840572.9A CN201810840572A CN109082656A CN 109082656 A CN109082656 A CN 109082656A CN 201810840572 A CN201810840572 A CN 201810840572A CN 109082656 A CN109082656 A CN 109082656A
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structural parts
metal structural
solution
chromium plating
zinc
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迟沅财
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Liuzhou Heng Yang Machinery Co Ltd
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
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Abstract

本发明旨在提供一种五金结构件的加工方法，包括以下步骤：A）表面预处理：1）除油：用碱性溶液除去五金结构件上的油污，所述的碱性溶液包含的成分及浓度如下：氢氧化钠：20‑25%、碳酸氢钠：15‑30%、磷酸钠：15‑20%；2）水洗；3）除锈；B）磷化；C）烘干；D）镀锌处理；E）镀铬处理；F）钝化。该加工方法克服现有技术缺陷，具有效率高、成本低、性能好的特点。

Description

五金结构件的加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及五金制品制造领域，具体涉及一种五金结构件的加工方法。
背景技术
五金制品若不经过电镀，极易生锈和老化，表面不耐磨，也不美观。目前，对于五金制品，一般采用镀镍或镀铬。金属铬和金属镍化学性质都较为稳定，在空气中容易钝化，进而在在钢铁制品表面形成一层极薄的钝化膜，较好地抵抗外界的腐蚀。未经电镀的金属五金件，看上去色泽度差、缺乏质感、不高档；另外镀铬对镀层强度、耐腐蚀方面的性能有很大关联，尤其是镀铬的预处理过程对铬层影响很大，很多镀铬失败都源于预处理工作不到位，如脱脂、除蜡、除油不到位等问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种五金结构件的加工方法，该加工方法克服现有技术缺陷，具有效率高、成本低、性能好的特点。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种五金结构件的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
A）表面预处理：
1）除油：用碱性溶液除去五金结构件上的油污，所述的碱性溶液包含的成分及浓度如下：氢氧化钠：20-25%、碳酸氢钠：15-30%、磷酸钠：15-20%；
2）水洗；
3）除锈；
B）磷化：用磷化液处理五金结构件，磷化处理温度分为30-90℃；磷化液由以下重量百分数的成分构成磷酸：15-20%；硝酸：3-8%；硝酸镍：1-5%；硝酸铜：1-2%；氧化锌：5-8%；钼酸铵：2-8%；水：余量；
C）烘干：将经磷化处理的工件进行烘干；
D）镀锌处理；
E）镀铬处理；
F）钝化：采用浓HNO3、浓H2SO4进行钝化处理。
优选地，所述镀锌处理为：
a，酸洗：采用20%盐酸和1-3g/L六次甲基四胺进行酸洗9-15秒，温度为25-35℃；酸洗后水洗至中性，干燥；
b，浸助镀剂：将步骤b得到的五金件放入NH4Cl及ZnCl2的混合水溶液中，NH4Cl浓度为18-22%，ZnCl2浓度为2.8-3.2%，混合水溶液的温度为60℃，浸泡时间为15-20min，所述混合水溶液表面油封；浸泡完成后，五金件表面去油，水洗，干燥；
c，配制镀锌溶液：取100-110g/L的ZnCl2，300-350g/L的NaOH，20-25g/L的酒石酸钾钠，10-15g/L的焦磷酸钾在蒸馏水中混合均匀；
d，镀锌处理：将步骤c中的五金件放入镀锌溶液中，50-60℃保持30-40秒后取出，水洗后再在30%的浓硫酸溶液中浸渍50秒，接着水洗至中性，干燥。
优选地，所述的镀铬处理为：在pH值1.5-4的镀铬液中温度25-40℃、电流密度10-20A/dm2进行镀铬处理40-50min，镀铬液的组分包括硫酸铬90-150g/L、稳定剂磺基丁二酸钠二辛酯46-57g/L、湿润剂十二烷基酸钠1.5-3.2g/L、硼酸14-21g/L，然后用水清洗。
本发明加工方法工艺简单、使用寿命长，合格率高，大大提高了耐热耐腐蚀性能和产品的质量。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例具体说明本发明。
实施例1
本实施例提供的五金结构件的加工方法包括以下步骤：
一种五金结构件的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
A）表面预处理：
1）除油：用碱性溶液除去五金结构件上的油污，所述的碱性溶液包含的成分及浓度如下：氢氧化钠：20%、碳酸氢钠：15%、磷酸钠：15%；
2）水洗；
3）除锈；
B）磷化：用磷化液处理五金结构件，磷化处理温度分为30℃；磷化液由以下重量百分数的成分构成磷酸：15%；硝酸：3%；硝酸镍：1%；硝酸铜：1%；氧化锌：5%；钼酸铵：2%；水：余量；
C）烘干：将经磷化处理的工件进行烘干；
D）镀锌处理：所述镀锌处理为：
a，酸洗：采用20%盐酸和1g/L六次甲基四胺进行酸洗9秒，温度为25℃；酸洗后水洗至中性，干燥；
b，浸助镀剂：将步骤b得到的五金件放入NH4Cl及ZnCl2的混合水溶液中，NH4Cl浓度为18%，ZnCl2浓度为2.8%，混合水溶液的温度为60℃，浸泡时间为15min，所述混合水溶液表面油封；浸泡完成后，五金件表面去油，水洗，干燥；
c，配制镀锌溶液：取100g/L的ZnCl2，300g/L的NaOH，20g/L的酒石酸钾钠，10g/L的焦磷酸钾在蒸馏水中混合均匀；
d，镀锌处理：将步骤c中的五金件放入镀锌溶液中，50℃保持30秒后取出，水洗后再在30%的浓硫酸溶液中浸渍50秒，接着水洗至中性，干燥；
E）镀铬处理：所述的镀铬处理为：在pH值1.5的镀铬液中温度25℃、电流密度10A/dm2进行镀铬处理40min，镀铬液的组分包括硫酸铬90g/L、稳定剂磺基丁二酸钠二辛酯46g/L、湿润剂十二烷基酸钠1.5g/L、硼酸14g/L，然后用水清洗；
F）钝化：采用浓HNO3、浓H2SO4进行钝化处理。
实施例2
本实施例提供的五金结构件的加工方法包括以下步骤：
A）表面预处理：
1）除油：用碱性溶液除去五金结构件上的油污，所述的碱性溶液包含的成分及浓度如下：氢氧化钠：25%、碳酸氢钠：22%、磷酸钠：18%；
2）水洗；
3）除锈；
B）磷化：用磷化液处理五金结构件，磷化处理温度分为50℃；磷化液由以下重量百分数的成分构成磷酸：18%；硝酸：5%；硝酸镍：3%；硝酸铜：2%；氧化锌：6%；钼酸铵：6%；水：余量；
C）烘干：将经磷化处理的工件进行烘干；
D）镀锌处理：所述镀锌处理为：
a，酸洗：采用20%盐酸和2g/L六次甲基四胺进行酸洗12秒，温度为30℃；酸洗后水洗至中性，干燥；
b，浸助镀剂：将步骤b得到的五金件放入NH4Cl及ZnCl2的混合水溶液中，NH4Cl浓度为20%，ZnCl2浓度为3%，混合水溶液的温度为60℃，浸泡时间为18min，所述混合水溶液表面油封；浸泡完成后，五金件表面去油，水洗，干燥；
c，配制镀锌溶液：取105g/L的ZnCl2，325g/L的NaOH，22g/L的酒石酸钾钠，12g/L的焦磷酸钾在蒸馏水中混合均匀；
d，镀锌处理：将步骤c中的五金件放入镀锌溶液中，55℃保持35秒后取出，水洗后再在30%的浓硫酸溶液中浸渍50秒，接着水洗至中性，干燥；
E）镀铬处理：所述的镀铬处理为：在pH值3的镀铬液中温度30℃、电流密度15A/dm2进行镀铬处理45min，镀铬液的组分包括硫酸铬120g/L、稳定剂磺基丁二酸钠二辛酯52g/L、湿润剂十二烷基酸钠2g/L、硼酸18g/L，然后用水清洗；
F）钝化：采用浓HNO3、浓H2SO4进行钝化处理。
实施例3
本实施例提供的五金结构件的加工方法包括以下步骤：
A）表面预处理：
1）除油：用碱性溶液除去五金结构件上的油污，所述的碱性溶液包含的成分及浓度如下：氢氧化钠：25%、碳酸氢钠：30%、磷酸钠：20%；
2）水洗；
3）除锈；
B）磷化：用磷化液处理五金结构件，磷化处理温度分为30-90℃；磷化液由以下重量百分数的成分构成磷酸：20%；硝酸：8%；硝酸镍：5%；硝酸铜：2%；氧化锌：8%；钼酸铵：8%；水：余量；
C）烘干：将经磷化处理的工件进行烘干；
D）镀锌处理：所述镀锌处理为：
a，酸洗：采用20%盐酸和3g/L六次甲基四胺进行酸洗15秒，温度为35℃；酸洗后水洗至中性，干燥；
b，浸助镀剂：将步骤b得到的五金件放入NH4Cl及ZnCl2的混合水溶液中，NH4Cl浓度为22%，ZnCl2浓度为3.2%，混合水溶液的温度为60℃，浸泡时间为20min，所述混合水溶液表面油封；浸泡完成后，五金件表面去油，水洗，干燥；
c，配制镀锌溶液：取110g/L的ZnCl2，350g/L的NaOH，25g/L的酒石酸钾钠，15g/L的焦磷酸钾在蒸馏水中混合均匀；
d，镀锌处理：将步骤c中的五金件放入镀锌溶液中，60℃保持40秒后取出，水洗后再在30%的浓硫酸溶液中浸渍50秒，接着水洗至中性，干燥；
E）镀铬处理：所述的镀铬处理为：在pH值4的镀铬液中温度40℃、电流密度20A/dm2进行镀铬处理50min，镀铬液的组分包括硫酸铬150g/L、稳定剂磺基丁二酸钠二辛酯57g/L、湿润剂十二烷基酸钠3.2g/L、硼酸21g/L，然后用水清洗；
F）钝化：采用浓HNO3、浓H2SO4进行钝化处理。

Claims (3)

1.一种五金结构件的加工方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
A）表面预处理：
1）除油：用碱性溶液除去五金结构件上的油污，所述的碱性溶液包含的成分及浓度如下：氢氧化钠：20-25%、碳酸氢钠：15-30%、磷酸钠：15-20%；
2）水洗；
3）除锈；
B）磷化：用磷化液处理五金结构件，磷化处理温度分为30-90℃；磷化液由以下重量百分数的成分构成磷酸：15-20%；硝酸：3-8%；硝酸镍：1-5%；硝酸铜：1-2%；氧化锌：5-8%；钼酸铵：2-8%；水：余量；
C）烘干：将经磷化处理的工件进行烘干；
D）镀锌处理；
E）镀铬处理；
F）钝化：采用浓HNO3、浓H2SO4进行钝化处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的五金结构件的加工方法，其特征在于：
所述镀锌处理为：
a，酸洗：采用20%盐酸和1-3g/L六次甲基四胺进行酸洗9-15秒，温度为25-35℃；酸洗后水洗至中性，干燥；
b，浸助镀剂：将步骤b得到的五金件放入NH4Cl及ZnCl2的混合水溶液中，NH4Cl浓度为18-22%，ZnCl2浓度为2.8-3.2%，混合水溶液的温度为60℃，浸泡时间为15-20min，所述混合水溶液表面油封；浸泡完成后，五金件表面去油，水洗，干燥；
c，配制镀锌溶液：取100-110g/L的ZnCl2，300-350g/L的NaOH，20-25g/L的酒石酸钾钠，10-15g/L的焦磷酸钾在蒸馏水中混合均匀；
d，镀锌处理：将步骤c中的五金件放入镀锌溶液中，50-60℃保持30-40秒后取出，水洗后再在30%的浓硫酸溶液中浸渍50秒，接着水洗至中性，干燥。
3.如权利要求1所述的五金结构件的加工方法，其特征在于：
所述的镀铬处理为：在pH值1.5-4的镀铬液中温度25-40℃、电流密度10-20A/dm2进行镀铬处理40-50min，镀铬液的组分包括硫酸铬90-150g/L、稳定剂磺基丁二酸钠二辛酯46-57g/L、湿润剂十二烷基酸钠1.5-3.2g/L、硼酸14-21g/L，然后用水清洗。
CN201810840572.9A 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 五金结构件的加工方法 Pending CN109082656A (zh)

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