CN1090224C - 延迟焦化器闪蒸段气油物流的改质方法 - Google Patents

延迟焦化器闪蒸段气油物流的改质方法 Download PDF

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CN1090224C
CN1090224C CN96193485A CN96193485A CN1090224C CN 1090224 C CN1090224 C CN 1090224C CN 96193485 A CN96193485 A CN 96193485A CN 96193485 A CN96193485 A CN 96193485A CN 1090224 C CN1090224 C CN 1090224C
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delayed coking
zone gas
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T·L·拉邦
P·E·瑟勒尔
T·W·迪克斯安
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Beech Ter Hydrocarbon Technologies
ConocoPhillips Co
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G69/00Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
    • C10G69/02Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G25/00Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
    • C10G25/003Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S210/00Liquid purification or separation
    • Y10S210/902Materials removed
    • Y10S210/911Cumulative poison
    • Y10S210/912Heavy metal
    • Y10S210/914Mercury

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Abstract

一种延迟焦化方法,其中通过使用过滤器(30)而除去悬浮固体的方法对来自焦化器分馏塔(18)底部的闪蒸段气油物流进行改质,然后对其进行加氢处理使其作为流化催化裂化或其它处理装置的原料用时更具吸引力。使用过滤器(30)除去固体可使该物流能在一固定床催化加氢器(32)中进行加工而不致污染催化剂床层。

Description

延迟焦化器闪蒸段气油物流的改质方法
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及延迟焦化,更具体地说,涉及一种延迟焦化方法,其中来自焦化罐的罐顶蒸气流入焦化器分馏塔,焦化罐罐顶物在这里被分离为一个蒸气物流,多个中间液体物流和一个塔底闪蒸段气油物流。
2.背景技术
Graf et al.,U.S.Patent 4,518,487中详细描述了上面提到的一种焦化方法。如该专利所述,通过除去焦化器分馏塔底的闪蒸段气油物流而不是象早先的焦化方法那样将该物流循环送回焦化罐,使焦化器产品产率分布得以提高,所有这些在上面提到的U.S.Patent 4,518,487中作了详细叙述。
虽然“487”专利提供了重大的改进,但其缺点是生产出的闪蒸段气油物流难以为进一步加工而进行改质。该物流含有大量细小颗粒状固体和重质粘性中间相物质。这种中间相物质实质上是离开焦化罐的蒸气中夹带的液体焦炭。为了提高闪蒸段气油物流的价值,需将其进行加氢处理。但是,当试图将该物流通过一个加氢处理器时,夹带的固体和中间相物质很快堵塞和污染加氢处理器的催化剂床层。未加氢处理的闪蒸段气油可在一流化床催化裂化装置(FCC装置)中进行加工,但由于其芳烃含量高及其它因素,未加氢处理物流的产率分布很差。以往为使闪蒸段气油物流能进行加氢处理而将其过滤的尝试没有成功,这是由于过滤器很快堵塞,过滤介质很难再生,以及其它因素所致。
                       发明概述
根据本发明,将闪蒸段气油物流加以过滤以基本上除去全部固体,如果不过滤,它们会污染加氢处理器中的催化剂床层。然后将除去固体的物流通过一固定床催化加氢处理器,如加氢脱硫器或加氢裂解器,以降低物流的硫含量和调变物流成分的分子结构,以便在后续加工装置中提高其价值。
与未经加氢处理的闪蒸段气油比较,由加氢处理的闪蒸段气油得到的流化床催化裂解器(FCC)的产品产率分布要好得多。
                        附图
图1是说明本发明与之相关的那种现有技术焦化方法的示意流程。
图2是说明引入本发明所提供的改进的一种焦化方法的示意流程。
图3是表示本发明中使用的那种过滤器的示意流程。
                    优选实施方案说明
图1是说明U.S.Patent 4,518,487中所述焦化方法的简化流程。如图1所示,焦化器原料由管道10通过炉12,然后到达焦化罐14中的一个。罐14的罐顶蒸气经过管道16到达焦化器分馏塔18。一种循环液体例如一种焦化器气油经管道20喷入分馏塔18的闪蒸段,与流入的蒸气接触,以便将悬浮颗粒物分出并将流入的焦化器蒸气流中的高沸点成分冷凝。湿气塔顶物流经管道22由分馏塔18除去,中间液体馏分经管道24和26除去。含悬浮固体和粘性中间相物质的闪蒸段气油经管道28由分馏塔18底部除去。在现有技术中,该闪蒸段气油物流(FZGO)典型地被加进FCC装置的进料中。
图2示意地说明本发明比现有技术方法的改进。图1和2中的共同单元编号相同。在图2中,FZGO被供料给过滤器30。它由过滤器30进入一加氢处理装置32,然后到-FCC装置34。
加氢处理装置32可以是加氢脱硫器或加氢裂解器,但不管怎样,它是含有固定催化剂床层的加氢处理装置。在现有技术中,由于悬浮固体和粘性中间相物质很快污染催化剂,FZGO物流不能供料给固定床催化加氢处理器。结果,不得不将芳烃化合物含量很高的FZGO物流不经过滤便加到-FCC装置中,由于芳烃含量高,在这里由FZGO得到的产品产率分布很差。此外,FZGO物流还经常含有可影响产品规格含量的硫。在某些情况下,FZGO物流不得不用于低价值物流,如过程燃料。
经测定,如能将直径大于约25微米的悬浮固体基本上从FZGO物流中全部除去,该物流可供料给一固定床催化加氢处理器而不致污染催化剂床层。25微米的分割可除去总悬浮固体的主要部分,剩余的较小粒子穿过催化剂床层不会造成严重的污染问题。
基本上能有效地全部去除25微米及更大粒子的任何过滤器均可用于本发明的方法。去除更小粒子如小至大约10微米粒子的过滤器也可使用,但成本较高。
对本方法特别有效的过滤器是一种由PTI Technologies Inc.ofNewbury Park,CA.出售的蚀刻金属园盘过滤器。含有一组或多组由多个重叠园盘组成的过滤器单元的蚀刻金属园盘过滤器特别有效,易于再生,并且比较容易操作和控制。再生步骤包括通入高压气体进行反冲,再用或不用流动溶剂冲洗,这一步骤只需1.5至4分钟,所以仅用一台过滤装置即可操作,因为在反冲步骤中,可将过滤器的进料保存在一个缓冲罐或类似的容器中。也可将两个或多个过滤器装置并联在一起,分别进行反冲以便使原料连续通过过滤器。
一种优选过滤器示意地表示于图3中,它包括过滤器装置30,进料管36,过滤器出口管38,气体储罐40,和反冲储罐42。操作时,FZGO由管道36供料给过滤器装置30并经管道38流出。当过滤器30中的背压达到预定水平时,停止向装置供料,并将储罐40上的快速开启阀(未表示)打开。加压气体由储罐40反向流过过滤器装置30并将积累的固体由过滤器表面洗至储罐42或适宜的工艺装置或废物站。最好将过滤器设计为当背压达到预定水平时进行循环。发现在反冲循环后,背压下降至接近零,表明基本上已将积累的固体完全除去。如前所述,如果需要,可在加压气体再生步骤后使用溶剂反洗。
            最优选实施方案的操作
现在将参照图2说明本发明最优选的实施方案。
来自焦化炉12的焦化器原料供料给焦化罐14之一,焦化器蒸气供料至分馏塔18底部。重质油气物流由管道20喷入分馏塔18的闪蒸段,在此与进来的原料接触,将较重组分冷凝,并洗下悬浮固体。含冷凝焦化器蒸气,固体和粘性中间相物质的闪蒸段气油由分馏塔18经管道28洩出。分馏塔18的产品物流经管道22、24和26回收。闪蒸段气油(FZGO)由管道28被送至过滤器30,在这里除掉大于约25微米的悬浮固体。过滤的FZGO然后被送至催化加氢处理装置32(最好是加氢脱硫装置),FZGO在这里进行脱硫和/或结构调变以便更适合于流化床催化裂化。经过滤的FZGO不会污染加氢处理器中的催化剂床层,并且加氢处理的FZGO可使由FCC装置得到的产品含硫量比不经加氢脱硫处理的FZGO要低,且产率分布要好。如前所述,可使用一个或多个过滤器装置进行周期性或顺序式反冲以保持产量,除去的固体可以使用或丢弃。
                         实施例I
在本实施例中,来自工业焦化器的每开工日440桶的闪蒸段气油物流供料给设计为可除掉尺寸超过约25微米粒子的一蚀刻金属圆盘过滤器。将过滤物流直接送到一FCC进行头两个星期的试验,以证明过滤器确实能基本上除掉所有大于25微米的粒子。证明了过滤器的有效性以后,将过滤的物流供料给一固定床催化加氢处理器并持续数周。
过滤器设计为当穿过过滤器的压力降达到20psi时,可自动进行反冲。反冲后,穿过过滤器的压力降立刻降到接近零,表明反冲效率高。在焦化罐填充循环期间,过滤器大约每隔2小时反冲一次。
闪蒸段气油中大约有50%体积分数的颗粒物大于25微米。过滤的物流不含大于25微米的颗粒物,而且过滤物流的颗粒物含量足够低,以致在将过滤物流供料给加氢处理器的几周内,没有遇到操作上的困难。下面的表1给出了进行悬浮固体分析的几天里过滤器的操作结果。
上述实施例阐述了蚀刻金属圆盘过滤器对从闪蒸段气油中除去悬浮固体的有效性,从而使过滤的物流可在一固定床催化加氢处理器中进行加工而不致象未过滤物流那样污染催化剂床层。
                                                          表1
组/物流 FZGO(入) FZGO(入) FZGO(入) FZGO(出) FZGO(出) FZGO(出)
试验日期   A     B     C     A     B     C
总悬浮固体WT%     0.0507     0.0884     0.033     0.0208     0.0082     0.0273
分布(微米) 体积百分率
1-2 2 0.05 0.12 0.05 0.13 0.03 0.12
    2-4     4     1.90     7.52     3.41     5.97     2.03     6.64
    4-8     8     4.63     22.22     14.25     29.19     8.70     23.31
    8-16     16     7.11     25.90     18.29     36.08     35.65     32.99
    16-22     22     9.95     14.74     12.61     28.63     53.58     36.94
    22+     76.36     29.50     51.39     0.00     0.00     0.00
    总计     100.00     100.00     100.00     100.00     100.00     100.00
虽然为阐述本发明而给出了某些实施方案和细节,但本领域的技术人员要清楚,可以对其进行各种变通和修改而不致脱离本发明的精神或范围。

Claims (8)

1.延迟焦化方法,其中来自焦化罐的罐顶蒸气被供料给焦化器分馏塔,所说蒸气在这里被分离成塔顶蒸气物流,中间液体物流,和含大量颗粒固体物质的闪蒸段气油物流,改进之处包括:
(a)使所说闪蒸段气油物流经过一个过滤步骤以降低其中颗粒固体物质含量;和
(b)将步骤(a)得到的过滤的闪蒸段气油物流通过一固定床催化加氢处理装置。
2.权利要求1的延迟焦化方法,其中所说过滤步骤包括采用基本上能有效地全部除去大于25微米颗粒的过滤器。
3.权利要求1的延迟焦化方法,其中所说催化加氢处理装置是一加氢裂解装置。
4.权利要求1的延迟焦化方法,其中所说催化加氢装置是一加氢脱硫器。
5.权利要求4的延迟焦化方法,其中所说加氢脱硫器出来的加氢脱硫闪蒸段气油被供料给一FCC装置。
6.权利要求1的延迟焦化方法,其中所说过滤步骤包括通过由一叠蚀刻金属园盘组成的一过滤器单元进行过滤。
7.权利要求6的延迟焦化方法,其中所说过滤器单元周期性地进行反冲。
8.权利要求7的延迟焦化方法,其中使用多个过滤器单元,而且所说单元顺序地进行反冲以便保证至少总有一个过滤器单元可以工作来除去所说闪蒸段气油中的固体物。
CN96193485A 1996-01-05 1996-10-29 延迟焦化器闪蒸段气油物流的改质方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1090224C (zh)

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KR100442163B1 (ko) 2004-11-06
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KR19980702775A (ko) 1998-08-05
EG20893A (en) 2000-05-31
HU220589B1 (hu) 2002-03-28
EP0871687B1 (en) 2007-08-08
SG44162A1 (en) 1997-11-14
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HUP9700003A2 (en) 1997-10-28
CA2213990A1 (en) 1997-07-17
HU9700003D0 (en) 1997-02-28
WO1997025390A1 (en) 1997-07-17
ATE369410T1 (de) 2007-08-15
CN1185172A (zh) 1998-06-17
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EP0871687A1 (en) 1998-10-21

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