CN1089856C - 可电磁操纵的阀 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0635—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding
- F02M51/0642—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto
- F02M51/0653—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto the valve being an elongated body, e.g. a needle valve
- F02M51/0657—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto the valve being an elongated body, e.g. a needle valve the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
- F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
- F02M51/0682—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
- Y10S239/90—Electromagnetically actuated fuel injector having ball and seat type valve
Abstract
本发明涉及一种可电磁操纵的阀,它具有一个可轴向运动的阀针(13),阀针至少包括了一个衔铁(17)和一个球形阀封闭体(18)。衔铁(17)构成了一个封闭体架,它以顺流向下的终端部分(46)来容纳阀封闭体(18)。在这里,端部部分(46)这样四面抓住阀封闭体(18),使得在阀封闭体(18)的表面上,至少构成了一个直接同衔铁(17)的纵向孔(23)相连接的通道(49)。这种阀特别适用于在混合气压缩、强制点火内燃机喷油装置中使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可电磁操纵的阀。
背景技术
从DE-PS 38 31 196已经知道了一种可电磁操纵的阀,在这种阀中,阀针由一个衔铁、一个管状连接件和一个球状阀封闭体构成。通过管状连接件,衔铁和阀封闭体相互连接,其中,连接件用做直接的封闭体架,借助于一条焊缝可以把阀封闭体同连接件固定连接在一起。连接件具有许多流动孔,通过这些孔,燃油可以从一个内通孔中出来,并且在连接件外面一直流到阀封闭体或者流到一个与阀封闭体共同作用的阀座面上。此外,在连接管的整个长度上有一个纵向缝隙,由于其大面积的液压流动横断面,通过这个缝隙,燃油可以很快从内通孔中流出来。在较少的剩余量直接在球形表面才从连接件流出来时,而大部分要喷射的燃油却已经从连接件的整个长度的缝隙中流了出来。
从DE-OS 195 03 224中已经知道了一种可电磁操纵喷油阀,这种阀具有一个阀针,其用做连接件的封闭体架是由塑料构成的。在这里,球形的阀封闭体和封闭体架,通过一个定位连接固定连接在一起。在封闭体架中,设有多个横孔,通过这些横孔,燃油已经可以顺着封闭体架向上从一个内孔流出来。接着,燃油沿着封闭体架外面,在通向阀座面的方向中流动,在这里,燃油在阀座面前不远,流过在封闭体架外围上构成的流动通道。
大家十分熟悉的是,如从DE-OS 40 08 675中得知的,例如,借助于焊缝,可以达到阀针各个零件材料封闭的固定连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提供一种可电磁操纵的阀,它可以以特别简单的方式和较低的成本被制造。
按照本发明,提出了一种可电磁操纵的阀,它具有一个阀纵轴线,具有一个至少被电磁线圈部分包围的铁芯,具有一个可轴向运动的阀针,该阀针至少包括了一个封闭体架和一个球形阀封闭体,在这里,阀封闭体同封闭体架固定连接,并且同固定的阀座共同起作用,而且,封闭体架具有一个内纵向孔,这个孔通到阀封闭体的表面,封闭体架具有一个顺流向下的终端部分,它的外径比阀封闭体的直径大,其中,封闭体架以其终端部分这样四面抓住阀封闭体,使得至少一个与纵向孔连接的和具有轴向延伸部分的通道被沿着阀封闭体的表面构成,这个通道一直延伸到终端部分的端部并且在顺流向下的方向中,至少延伸到阀封闭体的球赤道。
本发明的可电磁操纵的阀的优点是,可以采用特别简单的方式和成本较低的制造电磁阀。在这里,特别具有这个优点,在封闭体架和球形阀封闭体之间可以达到特别简单和成本较低的连接。在这里,为了四面抓住阀封闭体,在终端范围内的封闭体架这样构成,它紧挨着阀封闭体表面构成了一个或者多个通道,通过这些通道,燃油可以畅通无阻地从一个内纵向孔出来在通向阀座面的方向中流动。以较少的制造费用,达到了最佳流入阀的计量范围。与大家所熟悉的阀相比,一方面省掉了封闭体架中的横孔和缝隙,另一方面省掉了阀封闭体的抛光或者阀封闭体中的通流槽。
特别有利的是,借助于非符合材料的接合方法,例如:采用压入或者卷边,把阀封闭体固定到封闭体架上。如果封闭体架的终端范围在顺流向下的方向中还伸出球形阀封闭体的球赤道,这是有好处的。
采用特别有利的方式,衔铁本身可以直接用来做封闭体架,这样,同阀封闭体一起,具有一个两部分的阀针。一个这样的阀针,可以特别简单和成本低的制造,而且由于减少了零件数量,只有一个唯一的连接部位。以有利的方式构成了具有臂状通道的衔铁纵向孔,它们直接转入在封闭体架终端范围内的通道里。特别有效的是,这种臂状通道和通道可借助于拉削形成。
采用有利的方式,衔铁可以做成冷冲压件。同样,用做封闭体架的连接件可以挤压制作。在挤压时,很简单地构成了在终端范围内形成通道的凹槽。这些凹槽必须不用再去毛刺。采用有利的方式,衔铁可以作为烧结件或者MIM(金属模铸)一件构成。
附图说明在图中简单地示出了本发明的实施例,并且在下面进行了详细的介绍。图1示出了第一个按照本发明的可电磁操纵的阀,图2示出了阀针的第一个实施例,图3示出了图2阀针沿着III-III线的剖视图,图4示出了阀针的第二个实施例,和图5示出了阀针的第三个实施例。
具体实施方式
在图1中举例及部分简单示出的、以混合气压缩、强制点火内燃机喷油装置的喷油阀形式的、按照本发明的可电磁操纵的阀,具有一个被电磁线圈1包围的、用做内极和部分用做燃油通流的管状铁芯2。铁芯2同上面的、片状的盖元件3一起能够在电磁线圈1范围使喷油阀具有特别紧凑的结构。电磁线圈1被一个作为外极的铁磁的外阀套5包围,阀套在圆周方向中完全包围了电磁线圈1,并且在其上端部、例如通过一道焊缝6、与盖元件3固定连接。为了关闭磁路,阀套5的下端部做成了台阶状,这样就构成了导向段8,与盖元件3相似,导向段轴向包围了电磁线圈1,并且该导向段是电磁线圈范围1向下或者在顺流向下的方向上的界限。
阀套5的导向段8、电磁线圈1和盖元件3构成了一个与阀纵向轴线10同心的内孔11或者58,其中伸展着一个纵向延伸的套管12。铁氧体套管12的内纵向孔9,部分用做沿着阀纵向轴线10轴向运动的阀针13的导向孔。因此,套管12的内孔9的内径尺寸必须精确地加工。从顺流向下的方向中看,套管12在例如阀套5的导向段部位截止,比如说,可以用一道焊缝54将套管与导向段固定连接。除了轴向运动的阀针13之外,固定的铁芯2也安置在套管12的纵向孔9内。除了为衔铁17导向或者容纳铁芯2之外,套管12也能起密封作用,这样,在喷油阀中能有一个干燥的电磁线圈1。这通过将片状的盖元件3在其上面完全盖住电磁线圈1实现。在盖元件3中的内孔58允许套管12加长并且从而使铁芯2加长构成,这样,两个零件可以伸过孔58伸出盖元件3。
一个阀座体14与阀套5的下导向段8连接,阀座体具有一个固定的阀座面15作为阀座。阀座体14通过比如说采用激光产生的第二条焊缝16同阀套5固定连接。阀针13由一个管状的衔铁17和一个球状的阀封闭体18组成,在这里,衔铁17直接用做封闭体架。在阀座体14顺流向下的端面,例如在一个凹槽19内,配置了一个平的喷射孔板20,其中,阀座体14和喷射孔板20的固定连接,例如通过环绕密封的焊缝21来实现。管状衔铁17,在其顺流向下的、朝向喷射孔板20的一端,与球形的阀封闭体18例如通过卷边固定连接,其中,在连接范围内设置有槽或者通道,这样,衔铁17使在内纵向孔23里流动的燃油向外流动,而且可以直接沿着阀封闭体18流到阀座面15上。
采用公知的方式,电磁操作喷油阀。具有电磁线圈1、内铁芯2、外阀套5和衔铁17的电磁路,用来使阀针13轴向移动并且从而克服复位弹簧25的弹力打开或者关闭喷油阀。衔铁17的背向阀封闭体18的一端对准铁芯2。
球形阀封闭体18,同阀座体14的、在流动方向中截锥形变窄的阀座面15共同起作用,这个阀座面,在顺着导向孔26向下的轴线方向中,在阀座体14中构成。喷射孔板20至少具有一个、比如说四个通过腐蚀或者冲压成型的喷油孔27。
此外,在喷油阀中铁芯2的插入深度决定了阀针13的行程。在这里,在电磁线圈1没有励磁时,阀针13的一个终端位置,通过阀封闭体18靠置在阀座体14的阀座面15来确定,而在电磁线圈1励磁时,阀针13的另一个终端位置,通过衔铁17靠置在铁芯2的顺流向下的端部来得到。通过轴向移动套管12里的铁芯2来调节行程,接着,根据所要求的位置,把铁芯2同套管12固定连接,其中,采用激光焊接来取得焊缝22是比较有利的。
在与阀纵向轴线10同心的、用来向阀座面15的方向输入燃油的铁芯2的流动孔28中,除了复位弹簧25之外,还插入了一个调节套管29。调节套管29用来调节紧挨着调节套管29的复位弹簧25的弹簧预张力,复位弹簧的另一侧又支承在衔铁17上,在这里,也可以采用调节套管29来调节动态喷油量。
一个这样的喷油阀的特征是,其结构特别坚固紧凑,这样,可以产生一个很小的、轻便的喷油阀,其阀套5具有例如只有大约11mm的外径。迄今说明的零件构成了一个预装的独立组件,这个组件可以称做功能件30。调节和安装好的功能件30具有例如一个上端面32,比如说,两个触针33伸出上端面。通过用来做为电连接元件的电触针33,进行电磁线圈1的电触点接通,从而使其激励。
一个未示出的连接件可与这样的功能件30连接,首先,连接件的特点是,它包括有喷油阀的电接头和液压接头。在完全装好的喷油阀中,未示出的连接件和功能件30的液压连接这样实现,即:两个组件的流动孔这样相互配置,要保证燃油畅通无阻地流动。例如,在这里,功能件的端面32紧挨着连接件的下端面,并且与这个连接件固定连接。在将连接件安装到功能件30上时,铁芯2和套管12伸出端面32的部分,为了提高连接稳定性,插入连接件的流动孔中。为了可靠地密封,例如在连接范围内设置了一个密封垫圈36,密封垫圈放在盖元件3的端面32上,包围了套管12。在完全安装的阀里,用做电连接元件的触针33,可以保证同连接件的相应电连接元件可靠地电连接。
图2以与图1相比放大的比例示出了阀针13。管状衔铁17是由车削件做成的,它具有多个台阶的外轮廓。在衔铁17的外圆周,比如说,形成了两个环状导向面40和41,它们一方面用于阀针13在套管12中轴向运动的导向,另一方面用做在阀座体14中的导向。比如说由铁氧体材料(铬钢)制成的衔铁17,具有一个朝向铁芯2的上止挡面42,这个止挡面设有防磨损保护层,例如被镀铬。
衔铁17中的内纵向孔23,具有一个尽可能是圆形的横断面,然而,在圆周上每隔120°有一个隔断,因为从这里伸展出三个臂状通道44。在这里,例如通过拉削得到的臂状通道44,在衔铁17的整个轴向长度上伸展。衔铁17的内轮廓可以借助于所谓的内拉削产生,在这里,拉削刀具具有多个成梯队的切削刃,并且在纵向孔23中进行直线切削运动。在该孔的朝向阀封闭体18的下端,内纵向孔23具有一个锥形凸肩45,通过这个凸肩,纵向孔23在顺流向下的方向中扩大,并且用来止挡阀封闭体18。从凸肩45出发,衔铁17的一个终端范围46沿着球形阀封闭体18的外表面伸展,其中,臂状通道44在终端范围46内也负责适当的中断。
球形阀封闭体18,具有一个与阀纵向轴线10垂直分布的球赤道48,在顺流向下方向看,终端范围46延伸到这里或者超过这里。换句话说,至少半个球和球状阀封闭体18的半径被衔铁17四面抓住。终端范围46具有一个比阀封闭体18更大的外径。用作封闭体架的衔铁17和阀封闭体18的固定连接,例如通过卷边或者冲压以及通过压入、接着再卷边来进行,在这里,首先,顺着球赤道48向下的四面抓住范围保证了可靠的连接。纵向孔23的臂状通道44,在阀封闭体18范围内,转入窄的、向终端部分46的外圆周方向敞开的通道49里,通过这些通道,在纵向孔23内输入的和沿着球表面流动的燃油,在通向阀座面15的方向中继续传导。这些通道49例如在同臂状通道44相同的拉削过程中形成的。阀针13的这种结构可以使燃油很简单地流入喷油阀的配给部位。图3是沿着图2III-III线剖面的剖视图。它主要使衔铁17中的内纵向孔23的轮廓更清楚,它具有三个分别以120°构成的、径向向外伸展的臂状通道44。
在图4中示出了阀针13的第二个实施例,在这个图里,那些同在图2中示出的实施例相比相同的或者作用相同的零件,用相同的参考符号标出。按照图4的阀针13的特点是,内纵向孔23被用另外的方式加工成形。作为冷冲压件的衔铁17,具有一个有台阶的纵向孔23,这个孔具有一个贯穿的圆形横截面。在衔铁的外圆周上,又设置了导向面40和41,它们用于阀针13的导向。同样,衔铁17的终端范围46,在顺流向下的方向中,超出阀封闭体18的球赤道48。在凸肩45范围内开始,在终端范围46内又至少形成一个、比如说三个槽或者通道49,它们从纵向孔23出发,具有一个轴向延伸部分,燃油在通往阀座面15的方向中流过该通道49。球形阀封闭体18例如压入衔铁17的纵向孔23中和/或者通过卷边固定在终端范围46内。
图5示出了阀针13的另一个实施例。在阀针13的这个实施例中,衔铁17和阀封闭体18通过一个套管形的连接件50相互连接。在这里,与阀针13的所有连接,都是采用非材料结合的结合方法进行的。例如铁氧体的衔铁17、比如说是一个挤压件,被压到具有一个中心固定部位53的连接件50逆流向上的一端上。一个用于在阀针轴向运动中导向的上环形导向面40是这样产生的,衔铁17是用一个尺寸精确的环形铁芯51成型的。在同衔铁17的连接范围内,比如说同样是挤压的、然而是奥氏体的连接件50,设有轴向延伸的缝隙状的凹槽52,通过这个凹槽,可以改善衔铁17到连接件50上的安装工作。
在连接件50顺流向下的端部,在连接件50的外圆周上,压上了一个导向环55,这个导向环具有一个H形横断面,在其外圆周具有下导向面41。如已经说明的那样,球形阀封闭体18还可以通过压入或者卷边固定连接,然而,在这里,不是同衔铁17、而是同现在用做封闭体架的连接件50连接。在挤压连接件50时,用很简单的方式,一次或者多次留出燃油流动所需要的槽或者通道49。球形阀封闭体18被安置在输送燃油的纵向孔23的顺流向下的一端内的止挡上,在这里,锥体凸肩45还是用作止挡。采用有利的方式,在挤压连接件50时形成的槽或者通道49或者凹槽52不用去毛刺。此外,不用为了燃油流动而在阀封闭体18上进行抛光,因为燃油可以畅通无阻地从纵向孔23过来沿着阀封闭体18的表面,流过通道49。
除了将封闭体架17、50构造为车削件或者冷冲压件之外,也可以考虑做成烧结件或者MIM(金属模铸)件。
Claims (12)
1.一种可电磁操纵的阀,它具有一个阀纵轴线,具有一个至少被电磁线圈部分包围的铁芯,具有一个可轴向运动的阀针,该阀针至少包括了一个封闭体架和一个球形阀封闭体,在这里,阀封闭体同封闭体架固定连接,并且同固定的阀座共同起作用,而且,封闭体架具有一个内纵向孔,这个孔通到阀封闭体的表面,封闭体架具有一个顺流向下的终端部分,它的外径比阀封闭体的直径大,其特征是,
封闭体架(17,50)以其终端部分(46)这样四面抓住阀封闭体(18),使得至少一个与纵向孔(23)连接的和具有轴向延伸部分的通道(49)被沿着阀封闭体(18)的表面构成,这个通道一直延伸到终端部分(46)的端部并且在顺流向下的方向中,至少延伸到阀封闭体(18)的球赤道(48)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的阀,其特征是,
阀封闭体(18)借助于压入可被固定在封闭体架(17,50)终端部分(46)的纵向孔(23)里。
3.按照权利要求1所述的阀,其特征是,
阀封闭体(18)借助于卷边可被固定在封闭体架(17,50)终端部分(46)的纵向孔(23)里。
4.按照前述权利要求之一所述的阀,其特征是,
封闭体架(17)被作为衔铁构成。
5.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的阀,其特征是,
设置了一个连接衔铁(17)和阀封闭体(18)的连接件(50),它用来做为封闭体架。
6.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的阀,其特征是,
封闭体架(17,50)在纵向孔(23)里有一个凸肩(45),它用于止挡阀封闭体(18)。
7.按照权利要求4所述的阀,其特征是,
在铁芯(17)的纵向孔(23)内设置有多个臂状通道(44),它们在轴向方向中直接转入通道(49)内。
8.按照权利要求7所述的阀,其特征是,
臂状通道(44)和通道(49)可借助于拉削在衔铁(17)中构成。
9.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的阀,其特征是,
在终端部分(46)设置了三个通道(49)。
10.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的阀,其特征是,
封闭体架(17,50)是一个车削件或者是一个冷冲压件。
11.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的阀,其特征是,
封闭体架(17,50)是一个烧结件或者是一个MIM件。
12.按照权利要求1所述的阀,其特征是,
该阀是用于内燃机喷油装置的喷油阀。
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- 1997-03-26 DE DE19712590A patent/DE19712590A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-01-09 US US09/194,269 patent/US6045116A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-09 BR BR9804798A patent/BR9804798A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1998-01-09 KR KR1019980709499A patent/KR20000015943A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-01-09 JP JP10544647A patent/JP2000511616A/ja active Pending
- 1998-01-09 EP EP98902943A patent/EP0900333B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-09 ES ES98902943T patent/ES2199419T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-09 CN CN98800372A patent/CN1089856C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-09 WO PCT/DE1998/000052 patent/WO1998042976A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-01-09 DE DE59808230T patent/DE59808230D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4483485A (en) * | 1981-12-11 | 1984-11-20 | Aisan Kogyo kabuskiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic fuel injector |
JPS6287661A (ja) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-04-22 | Diesel Kiki Co Ltd | 電磁式燃料噴射弁 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6045116A (en) | 2000-04-04 |
CN1220722A (zh) | 1999-06-23 |
ES2199419T3 (es) | 2004-02-16 |
JP2000511616A (ja) | 2000-09-05 |
EP0900333A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 |
BR9804798A (pt) | 1999-08-17 |
DE19712590A1 (de) | 1998-10-01 |
EP0900333B1 (de) | 2003-05-07 |
KR20000015943A (ko) | 2000-03-15 |
DE59808230D1 (de) | 2003-06-12 |
WO1998042976A1 (de) | 1998-10-01 |
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