CN1064742C - 用于电磁操作阀的阀针及制造方法 - Google Patents
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- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
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Abstract
公知的电磁操作阀包括由管形衔铁，套管形的连接管和阀闭合件组成的阀针。其中，燃料在阀针内部流至阀闭合件，然后通过在阀针中的横向孔在阀座的方向上流出。该新阀针(18)的特征是，阀针(18)的至少阀针段(19)和阀闭合件(24)是作为一个构件通过探拉制造的。为确保燃料在朝阀座(30)方向上的流动，在阀针段(19)上例如设置两个沟槽(61)，同时，在具有半球壳形的阀闭合件(24)上成形切平部(25)。这样，燃料可沿阀针段(19)的外圆周流动。该阀针特别适合于混合压缩式外点火内燃机之燃料喷射装置的喷射阀。
Description
本发明涉及一个用于电磁操作阀的阀针和一个制造阀针的方法。
DE-0S4008675已公开了一个用于电磁操作阀的阀针，其由衔铁、阀闭合件和使衔铁与例如球形的阀闭合件相连的连接件构成。这些所属的构件是相互公开制作的单独构件，它们借助接缝工艺例如激光焊接才相互连接。因而，至少存在两个连接位置。同时，该衔铁径向上完全和轴向至少部分地包围着连接件，因为该连接件固定在衔铁的一个连续的纵向孔中。该连接件本身还具有一个连续的内纵向孔，其中燃料可以在朝阀闭合件的方向流动，然后，该燃料在阀闭合件的附近通过在连接件壁中设置的径向延伸之横向开口流出。因而该燃料流首先在阀针内部形成，接着离开该阀针才流向阀座。
此外，由DE-PS4230376也公开了一个用于电磁操作阀的阀针，其由一个单件的并包括衔铁段和阀套段的管形操作件通过压铸和接着按照金属-注入-造型工艺(MIM)的烧结制成。然后，该操作件借助一个焊接工艺与阀闭合件相连接。同时，在衔铁段和阀套段中设置一个连续的内部纵向孔，其中，燃料可以在朝阀闭合件的方向上流动，然后在阀闭合件附近，燃料通过横向开口流出阀套段。在用所谓的MIM-工艺制作阀针时，必需滑触头工具、以便构成横向开口。
本发明的目的在于，提供一种阀针，它可以特别简单和成本低地被制造，省去附加的接合方法如焊接、钎焊或粘接。
本发明的另一个目的在于，提供一种制造阀针的方法，它简单并且成本低。
本发明提出了一种用于可电磁操作的阀的阀针，该阀具有一个芯体，一个电磁线圈和一个固定的阀座，与该阀座配合作用的是由衔铁、阀针段和阀闭合件组成的阀针，其中，该阀针段使衔铁与阀闭合件相连接，至少阀针的阀针段和阀闭合件构成一个深拉伸制造的、一体的构件。
本发明还提出了一种制造一个阀针的方法，该阀针由一个衔铁，一个阀针段和一个阀闭合件组成，至少在第一方法步骤中，由板料通过深拉形成一个杯形的坯件，依此，形成阀针段和阀闭合件；然后，实施另外的方法步骤，但其没有确定的时间顺序：
在阀闭合件的外圆周上通过镦锻或冲制形成切平部；
在阀针段的一个远离阀闭合件的端部(20)上成型至少一个沟槽；
对阀闭合件的表面作处理；和
衔铁和阀针段之间建立一个固定连接。
本发明阀针以及本发明制造阀针的方法相对现有技术具有的优点是这种阀针可以简单和成本低廉的种类及方式制造。这一点，本发明是如此实现的，该连接件作为阀针段与阀闭合件借助一种深拉工艺作为一整体件制成，因此，用于制作由阀针段和阀闭合件组成的深拉件的工具可以为简单的结构。用于在阀针段中制作横向开口的横向滑触头工具也不需要了，因为，燃料在阀针段的外边实现流动。
在深拉时有利方式是，作为原始材料可以应用一个比较简单的平整坯料，其由适合深拉的板件构成。
该深拉件被推入一个衔铁的内部通孔中和与其例如通过焊接缝形成固定连接。这样，只有该阀针还为两部分的结构。
例如两个在衔铁内部轴向延伸的流动通道可提供燃料在朝阀座的方向上形成一个无阻碍的流动。由流动通道流出的燃料可以在阀针段的外圆周上无转向地沿着流动。
有优点的是，在阀针段中设置沟槽，通过它在衔铁内部形成流动通道，并可以无毛刺方式制造，因此，与公知的加工时带有毛刺的横向开口相反，就不必补充加工了。此外，特别有利的是，在燃料中带入的颗粒或冲刷的污染物可以沉积在杯形的深拉件中并因此可以避免在阀座中由于堵塞出现的不密封性。
本发明实施例在附图中作了简明描述和在以后的说明中作详细阐述。
图1是具有本发明阀针的燃料喷射阀；
图2是阀针的俯视图；和
图3及图4是沿图2中截面线Ⅲ-Ⅲ及Ⅳ-Ⅳ的两个阀针截面图。
在图1中作为例子描述了可电磁操作的并用于混合压缩式外点火内燃机之燃料喷射装置的喷射阀具有一个被电磁线圈1包围的并作为燃料输入接管用的管形芯体2，它例如通过其整个长度上具有一个不变的外径。一个在径向上分级的线圈架3容装电磁线圈1的一个绕组，并与芯体2相结合在电磁线圈1的区域内实现喷射阀的一个紧凑的结构。
与芯体2的下连端部9例如通过焊接密封地连接一个与阀纵轴线10对中的管形金属的中间件12并将芯体端部9轴向上部分地包围住。在线圈架3和中间件12的下游延伸一个管形的阀座载体16，它例如与中间件12为固定连接。在阀座载体16中配置一个纵向孔17，其是与阀纵轴线10对中的结构。在纵向孔17中，安置一个带有深拉的管形阀针段19的本发明阀针18。在阀针段19的下游端部设置一个阀闭合件(部分)24，其具有至少一个部分球形的外轮廓并与阀针段19设为一整体结构，在该阀闭合件24的周面上例如设有五个切平部25用于燃料流通。
该喷射阀的操作是按公知的方式电磁实现的。为使阀针18轴向移动和因此克服一个复位弹簧26的弹簧力以开启喷射阀或者闭合它设置了包括电磁线圈1的芯体2和衔铁27的电磁回路。该管形的衔铁27与插入其中的阀针段19之远离阀闭合件(部分)24的端部通过例如两个焊接缝28为固定连接并在芯体2上定位。该衔铁27与由阀针段19和下游成形的阀闭合件24组成的深拉件31一起构成作为操作件的阀针18。
在阀座载体16之下游安置的并远离芯体2的端部上于纵向孔17中通过焊接密封安装一个圆柱形的阀座体29，其具有一个固定的阀座30。为了在阀针18沿阀纵轴线10作轴向运动期间导引该阀闭合件24，在阀座体29中设置一个导引孔32。该阀针18之具有球形外轮廓的阀闭合件24与在流动方向上为截锥形收缩的阀座体29之阀座30配合作用。该阀座体29在其远离阀闭合件24的端面侧与一个例如钵形的喷射孔板34固定相连并通过一个例如用激光形成的焊缝密封接合。在喷射孔板34中设置至少一个，例如四个通过腐蚀或冲制形成的喷射开口39。
该阀座体29与喷射孔板34的推入深度确定了阀针18的行程大小。在此，在电磁线圈1未激励时通过将阀闭合件24靠置在阀座体29的阀座30上，从而确定该阀针18的一个终端位置，而该阀针18的另一终端位置在电磁线圈1激励时通过将衔铁27靠置到芯体端部9上被确定。
该电磁线圈1被至少一个例如弓形结构的并作为铁磁性元件用的导体元件45所包围，它在圆周方向上至少部分地包围住该电磁线圈1并用其一个端部靠置在芯体2上和用另一个端部靠置在阀座载体16上并可与其例如通过焊接，钎接或粘接相连接。一个调节套筒48推入芯体2之与阀纵轴线10对中延伸的流通孔46中用于调节靠置在该调节套筒48上的复位弹簧26之弹簧张力，该复位弹簧26之相反对置的一侧又支承在阀针段19位于管形衔铁27之内部通孔50中的上游端侧49上。
该喷射阀主要地被一个塑料注塑件51所包围，它从芯体2起始沿轴向上通过电磁线圈1和至少一个导体元件45延伸至阀座载体16，同时，该至少一个导体元件45完全地在轴向和在圆周方向上被覆盖住。这个塑料注塑件51例如包括一个共同注塑的电气连接插头52。
按照图1中描述的实施例，一个阀针18用俯视图表示在图2中。该图3和4是沿图2中截面线Ⅲ-Ⅲ以及Ⅳ-Ⅳ的截面图，并表明阀针18的两个实施例，它们仅在阀闭合件24的区域中相互有差别。下面借助这三个图可以对阀针18的结构以及其制造方法作详细说明。
在第一个方法步骤中，由一个适宜的深拉板，它例如由奥氏体或铁氧体钢构成，作为一级坯件变形成一个杯形的构件。在这个工艺中涉及深拉技术，属于一种移动的拉压成形工艺。该深拉技术，如在本例情况下特别适合于一侧敞开的并旋转对称的且具有不变之壁厚的中空件冷成型。与深拉工具(凹模，凸模)的结构相对应，该杯形的深拉件31，其包括阀针段19和阀闭合件(部分)24，已经可以被制成一个很精确的形状和尺寸。同时，在图4描述的深拉件31比在图3中表明的深拉件31可以更简单地通过深拉技术制造，因为它直至具有例如半球形壳面的阀闭合件24是一个不变的内直径。与此相反，在图3中描述的深拉件31是如此深拉成形的，即在阀闭合件24的区域内，该阀针段19的内直径发生一个扩大并因此外直径也扩大，因此，阀闭合件24的外轮廓表明了在空间上大于一个半球形。在以后的方法步骤中，在深拉件31上并在阀闭合件24区域的外轮廓上例如设置五个相互间以等距离安置的切平部25，它们使得燃料在阀座体29的导引孔32中流动至阀座30更为容易。这些切平部25至少延伸至阀闭合件24的最大横截面处，因此才可以建立一个燃料流动，但是上述切平部不伸至阀闭合件24在阀座30上的接触平面。这些切平部25的成型例如可通过镦锻或冲制实现。在这个方法中，涉及移动的压力成型工艺，其中，主要是工具作直线的运动。在具体的情况下，通过基本上径向作用的冲制力，实现一个在沿深拉件纵轴线60方向上的微小材料变形(排挤)，所述纵轴线60在阀针18的安装状态时与阀纵轴线10重合。
下面，该阀针段19在其远离阀闭合件24的端部20设置例如两个轴向延伸的V形沟槽61，所述端部20在以后固定在衔铁27的内部通孔50中。这些沟槽61例如还可通过冲制无毛刺地成型，且具有至少这样的长度，即它在下游处从以后安装好的衔铁27中伸出来。在深拉件31安装到衔铁27中状态时，该沟槽61形成流动通道63，它由衔铁27的内壁和阀针段19之沟槽61的外轮廓限定而成。依此，燃料从芯体2中的流通孔46到达衔铁27并在其内通孔50中流至阀针段19的端面侧49。一方面，燃料至少在直接运行开动时可流入杯形深拉件31的内部并且主要地流入两个在端侧49开始的流动通道63中，通过它，才使燃料导流通过。在衔铁27之对着阀闭合件24的端部区域中，该燃料又从流动通道63中流出和至少一部分作为深拉件31的壁膜方式流至阀座30。因此不用在阀针段19中设有纵向隙缝或横向开口，该燃料到阀座30的流动就可完全保证了。这两个最后描述的方法步骤此外还可以相反的时间顺序亦即首先使沟槽61成型，然后是制作切平部25，或者同时实施。
在下一个方法步骤中，对阀闭合件24实施一个表面处理。这个表面处理例如可以具有如此外貌，即实现一个具有薄的耐磨硬铬层的硬料层。另外理想的覆层材料是例如钛碳化物、钛氮化物或钨碳化物。为了通过精细地由气态沉积出硬材料以形成覆置层可以应用蒸汽离析方法如所谓的CVD(化学蒸汽镀置)或者PVD(物理蒸汽镀置)方法。一个具有部分球形外轮廓的阀闭合件24之相应的精细加工(例如研磨)必须在表面特性还不具有对该阀闭合件提出的质量要求时才要进行。
其后，连接一个最后的制作阀针18的方法步骤。该深拉件31被推入衔铁27的内部通孔50中和随后与其固定连接。这种固定连接例如可通过从衔铁27的外部圆周上设置两个用激光实现的焊接缝28来完成。同时该焊接缝28最好是精确地相反对置并仅在该深拉件31也靠置到衔铁27之内壁的地方设置，亦即在沟槽61的外边设置。本发明制作阀针18的方法具有的优点是，不用任何有切屑的或者形成毛刺的工艺步骤就可以制造阀针18。
所有在深拉以后必需的和此处描述的方法步骤不是绝对地在时间上按照所述的顺序实施的。而是，这些单个的方法步骤至少一部分可以按照另外的时间顺序或者同时实行。
Claims (10)
1、用于可电磁操作的阀的阀针，该阀具有一个芯体，一个电磁线圈和一个固定的阀座，与该阀座配合作用的是由衔铁、阀针段和阀闭合件组成的阀针，其中，该阀针段使衔铁与阀闭合件相连接，其特征在于：至少阀针(18)的阀针段(19)和阀闭合件(24)构成一个深拉伸的、一体的构件。
2、按权利要求1所述的阀针，其特征在于：阀针段(19)和阀闭合件(24)构成一个深拉件(31)，它具有一个纵向延伸的杯形结构，其中，阀针段(19)是管形的。
3、按权利要求1或2所述的阀针，其特征在于：该阀闭合件(24)具有一个半球壳的形状。
4、按权利要求2所述的阀针，其特征在于：该深拉件(31)借助至少一个在其远离阀闭合件(24)的端部(20)上的焊缝(28)与衔铁(27)相连接。
5、按权利要求1或2所述的阀针，其特征在于：在阀针段(19)的远离阀闭合件(24)的端部(20)上至少形成一个从外圆周开始的沟槽(61)。
6、按权利要求5所述的阀针，其特征在于：至少一个在阀针段(19)上设置的沟槽(61)具有一个V形结构和在轴向上延伸。
7、按权利要求5所述的阀针，其特征在于：在衔铁(27)之通孔(50)中推入深拉件(31)的情况下，通过至少一个沟槽(61)在衔铁(27)的内部构成至少一个轴向延伸的流动通道(63)。
8、制造一个阀针的方法，该阀针由一个衔铁，一个阀针段和一个阀闭合件组成，其特征在于：
至少在第一方法步骤中，由板料通过深拉形成一个杯形的坯件，依此，形成阀针段(19)和阀闭合件(24)；然后，实施另外的方法步骤，但其没有确定的时间顺序：
一在阀闭合件(24)的外圆周上通过镦锻或冲制形成切平部(25)：
一在阀针段(19)之一个远离阀闭合件(24)的端部(20)上成型至少一个沟槽(61)；
一对阀闭合件(24)的表面作处理；和
一衔铁(27)和阀针段(19)之间建立一个固定连接。
9、按权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：借助一个冲制工艺实现至少一个沟槽(61)的成型。
10、按权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：按照CVD、即化学蒸汽沉积或PVD、即物理蒸汽沉积工艺，通过覆置层料实现表面处理。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4426006A DE4426006A1 (de) | 1994-07-22 | 1994-07-22 | Ventilnadel für ein elektromagnetisch betätigbares Ventil und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
| DEP4426006.7 | 1994-07-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1130933A CN1130933A (zh) | 1996-09-11 |
| CN1064742C true CN1064742C (zh) | 2001-04-18 |
Family
ID=6523890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95190666A Expired - Fee Related CN1064742C (zh) | 1994-07-22 | 1995-06-27 | 用于电磁操作阀的阀针及制造方法 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5996227A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0720691B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3509869B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100378721B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1064742C (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9506275A (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE4426006A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1996003579A1 (zh) |
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- 1995-06-27 JP JP50533996A patent/JP3509869B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101818711A (zh) * | 2010-06-03 | 2010-09-01 | 无锡开普动力有限公司 | 电控喷油器的喷射阀 |
| CN101818711B (zh) * | 2010-06-03 | 2012-02-08 | 无锡开普动力有限公司 | 电控喷油器的喷射阀 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR960705139A (ko) | 1996-10-09 |
| KR100378721B1 (ko) | 2003-06-11 |
| JP3509869B2 (ja) | 2004-03-22 |
| CN1130933A (zh) | 1996-09-11 |
| US5996227A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
| DE59504904D1 (de) | 1999-03-04 |
| EP0720691A1 (de) | 1996-07-10 |
| DE4426006A1 (de) | 1996-01-25 |
| EP0720691B1 (de) | 1999-01-20 |
| BR9506275A (pt) | 1997-08-12 |
| WO1996003579A1 (de) | 1996-02-08 |
| JPH09503267A (ja) | 1997-03-31 |
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