CN108967061A - Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant method - Google Patents
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108967061A CN108967061A CN201810877534.0A CN201810877534A CN108967061A CN 108967061 A CN108967061 A CN 108967061A CN 201810877534 A CN201810877534 A CN 201810877534A CN 108967061 A CN108967061 A CN 108967061A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The present invention relates to implantation methods field, especially oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant method.The step of implantation methods are as follows: a) between the selection kind time receiving；B) site preparation and fertilization；C) sowing of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers；D) field management of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers；E) sowing of okra；F) field management of okra；G) 3~4 days after blossom fall, okra fruit harvests when growing 10~15cm.The present invention in 1 year by that by oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant, can harvest 2 kinds of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, okra crops, remarkable in economical benefits.It per acre can oil-producing certain herbaceous plants with big flowers 150kg or so, tender okra pod 2000kg or so.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to implantation methods field, especially oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant method.
Background technique
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers originates in America, is one of the fifth-largest oil crops in China, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is short with growth period, resistance is strong, management
Simplicity, seed oil content, the features such as oil yield is high contain oleic acid, linoleic acid and a large amount of vitamin Es in addition, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers oil quality is good
Ingredient, be it is a kind of be worth high edible health-care oil, be loved by consumers.Currently, 11,000,000 tons of China's vegetable oil annual output
Left and right, wherein sunflower oil yield accounts for 500,000 tons or so, therefore it is huge to develop oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers industrial space.
Okra is Malvaceae Abelmoschus annual herb plant, originates in Africa, introduces China by India early 20th century.It is yellow
Gumbo is mainly edible with okra fruit, and nutritive value is high, the tender lubrication of meat；Okra is rich in brass, chlorogenic acid, polysaccharide, together
Shi Hanyou multivitamin and microelement have beautifying face and moistering lotion, increase a variety of function such as immunity, antitumor, nourishing the stomach, aid digestion
Effect.Okra also contains special effective component, and the strong kidney qi-restoratives of energy has auxiliary therapeutic action to male's organic disease, enjoys
The good reputation of " plant vigour ".Seed can extract oil, and okra oil is a kind of high-grade vegetable oil, its nutritional ingredient and fragrance is much super
Cross sesame oil and peanut oil.Its seed can be used as coffee substitute by processing, have preferable stimulating effect, and be free of coffee
Coffee because.
In recent years, the urgent need with people to health care, nutrition, okra cultivated area rise year by year.But because of soil
The raising of price and labor cost, okra is pure to make that planting benefit is relatively low, limit okra planting scale expansion and
The development of industry.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in order to solve the pure planting benefit of making of existing okra than low deficiency,
It, can in 1 year by by oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant the present invention provides a kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant method
Harvest oily 2 kinds of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, okra crops, remarkable in economical benefits.Per acre can oil-producing certain herbaceous plants with big flowers 150kg or so, tender okra pod 2000kg is left
It is right.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of the step of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant method, the implantation methods are as follows:
A) between the selection kind time receiving, oily sowing in certain herbaceous plants with big flowers March is harvested June~July, and okra April, sowing, started to harvest June；
B) site preparation and fertilization spreads fertilizer over the fields 3~4m before sowing per acre3Decomposed manure and nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio be 20:10:15 change
Fertilizer, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are mixed thoroughly spread fertilizer over the fields after, deep ploughing 20~25cm site preparation does furrow, the wide 1.8m of furrow, the wide 30~35cm in the furrow ridge, among furrow
Cover the mulch of 80cm wide；
C) sowing of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers sows temperature at 10 DEG C or more, and the program request on the furrow ridge is first punched, and water puts seed, line-spacing
180cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, 3~4cm of depth, mu stay 1100~1300 plants of seedling, and the mu amount of broadcasting is 200~250g；
D) field management of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, the final singling and first in 1~2 pair of true leaf expansion of seedling of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, 15~20cm of height of seedling
Secondary intertillage carries out second before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings and intertills；It waters in the squaring period of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and imposes urea 15kg, potash fertilizer 15kg；
The full-bloom stage of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers pours the second water；One day oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers florescence pollinated 2~3 times, and pollination in 2 hours is primary, and pollination time is the morning 9:
00~11:00；
E) it harvests, harvest time is hardened and can harvest, receive in June~July, blade, stalk and floral disc jaundice, sub- shell blackening
It is dried after obtaining, when meeting rainy weather cannot dry, to spread out, not stack；
F) sowing of okra, the seed of okra will carry out presoaking and germinating processing prior to seeding, and sowing row is away from film
It is punched at 10~15cm of both sides of plane, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, depth of planting 5cm, is watered with water, every bunch planting kind 2 in cave
~3,2~3cm of earthing is thick, per acre sowing quantity 1000g；
G) field management of okra, the final singling as okra 10~15cm of height of seedling, two plants of seedlings below are stayed in every cave；Sowing
After irrigated, in growth early period, it is sagging that petiole is twisted into bending, extracts side shoot at later stages, retains under pod 1~2
Leaf simultaneously cuts off old fruit pod；Urea 10kg is applied per acre after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvesting, is applied fertilizer 2~3 times, is applied within 15 days once, every time per acre after the beginning of autumn
Apply urea 7.5kg, potassium sulfate 6kg；In entire picking time, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of every 15 days foliage-sprays is primary, then at this
Continue to plant okra in ground；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
H) 3~4 days after blossom fall, okra fruit harvests when growing 10~15cm.
Specifically, the chemical fertilizer that the nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 20:10:15 is ternary compound fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer sows 50 ㎏ per acre.
Specifically, the method for the presoaking and germinating processing is to be dipped in seed in 50~55 DEG C of hot water to stir 15~20
Minute, then continue immersion 12~24 hours under the conditions of 25~30 DEG C, the vernalization under the conditions of 25~30 DEG C after being cleaned with clear water.
Specifically, the method for the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is, using yellow card's trap aphid or Silver Grey Mulching Film repellent aphid, to use
Black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or gyplure trap and kill lepidoptera pest；
It is spraying with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid or 2.5% 1500~2000 times of liquid of deltamethrin milk oil etc.
It is anti-to eliminate aphis；
Seedling stage, Adult plant epidemic prevention and control, early stage 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder, 600~800 times of liquid or
58% 500 times of metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder liquid is prevented and treated by spraying, and 7~10 days 1 time, continuous 2~3 times；
The controls of insect such as bollworm, leaf roll open country snout moth's larva, in the larva low age phase, with 20% Rynaxypyr water dispersant 3000
Times 1500 times of liquid of liquid or 10% fipronil bisamide suspension agent are prevented and treated by spraying, are sprayed 1 time, continuous 2~3 times within 7 days.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention provides a kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant method, by will be oily
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant, can harvest 2 kinds of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, okra crops, remarkable in economical benefits in 1 year.It per acre can oil-producing certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
150kg or so, tender okra pod 2000kg or so.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail now.
1 cultivation season
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-okra intercropping plant technology is oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers mid or late March sowing, late June~early July harvest.Huang Qiu
The sowing of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers early April, starts to harvest mid-June.
2 site preparation and fertilizations
Continuous cropping is avoided in the plot made between oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-okra, it is desirable that fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are convenient, use sufficient for base manure 1 time.Before sowing
3~4m of decomposed manure is spread fertilizer over the fields per acre3, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio be 20:10:15 50 ㎏ of ternary compound fertilizer.Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are mixed
It is even spread fertilizer over the fields after, deep plough 20~25cm, and fine site preparation does furrow, the wide 1.8m of furrow, the wide 30~35cm in the furrow ridge, and the ground of 80cm wide is covered among furrow
Film.Extirpate weeds with preceding crop etc..
3 variety selections
The special early short major part of sunflower cultivars choosing, plant is short, stalk is thick, floral disc is big, yield is high, fuel-displaced more, oily good, early
Production, high yield characteristic are good, and spring sowing 90d is mature, plant height 0.8-1m, 51% or more oil content, suitable multiple cropping or intercropping.Growth ability
By force, disease-resistant, drought-enduring, saline-alkali tolerant, barren-resistant, it is deep to be welcome by the vast farmers masses.Gumbo selects Early-medium maturing variety such as Ka Liba, five
Good fortune, stone gumbo No. 1, carbuncle etc..
The plantation of 4 oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
4.1 sowing
Spring sows oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and temperature is required to stablize at 10 DEG C or more, can determine implantation time according to weather forecast at that time.
Early oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of sowing in spring generally is sowed in late March to early April, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers cold resistance is strong, and seedling is resistant to -7 DEG C of low temperature (this year stone man
Sowing on village March 28).The program request on the furrow ridge, is first punched, water, puts seed, line-spacing 180cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, depth 3-4cm, mu
1200 plants of seedling or so are stayed, the mu amount of broadcasting is 200-250g.4.2 field management
4.2.1 tillage and weeding intertillage can be preserved soil moisture with temperature raising, especially in early spring significant effect, can be simultaneously reached the effect of weeding
Fruit.General to carry out 2 intertillages, the 1st combination final singling carries out, when seedling 1-2 is to true leaf expansion, height of seedling 15-20cm, and
Shi Dingmiao intertills temperature raising significant effect, this time conducive to the growth of early spring oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling；2nd intertillage carries out before buddingging.
4.2.2 fertilizer and water management squaring period (late April) is oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers key water requirement period, this phase, not only plant strain growth was rapid, and
And be the critical period of floral disc development, it needs to guarantee moisture and nutrient supply, so, if this phase, which meets arid, to water in time, and tie
It closes watering mu and imposes urea 15kg, potash fertilizer 15kg, full-bloom stage (late May) pours the second water according to soil moisture content, to meet moisture
Demand.
4.2.3 pollination is improves into seed rate, can artificial supplementary pollination, florescence allows a floral disc to face with another floral disc
Face gently wipes and touches and can pollinate, and general 2h pollinates 1 time, carries out 2-3 times.Pollination time rests in morning 9:00-11:00, this
Period dew disappears, and pollen amount is big, is the Best Times of pollination.
4.2.4 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control bollworm is the Major Pests for endangering oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, its feeding plant Tender is sharp or stings on floral disc
Bud is eaten, so that plant ear barren tip or seed be caused to lack.Control method: first is that removing the weeds on oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers field side, insect pest can be reduced
Spawning place；Second is that being prevented and treated by spraying with pyrethrin pesticide or phoxim, but the full-bloom stage it is noted that administration time will be staggered
4.3 harvesting
Harvest time is in early July late June.Blade, stalk and floral disc jaundice, sub- shell blackening are hardened and can harvest.It receives
It is dried in time after obtaining, when meeting rainy weather cannot dry, to spread out, not stack in time, prevention and treatment internal temperature raising causes
It goes rotten.
The plantation of 5 okras
5.1 sowing
Seed will carry out presoaking and germinating processing prior to seeding, seed is dipped in 55 DEG C or so of hot water and is stirred, and keep water
Then the constant 15~20min of temperature continues the left and right of immersion 12~for 24 hours under the conditions of 25~30 DEG C.In 25~30 after being cleaned with clear water
Vernalization under the conditions of DEG C can sow (sowing on April 8 this year) when 50% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.Sowing row is on the both sides away from thin film planar
It is punched at 10-15cm, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, depth of planting 5cm, is watered with water, every bunch planting kind 2~3, earthing 2 in cave
~3cm is thick.Sowing quantity 1000g per acre.
5.2 field management
5.2.1 it can emerge successively within final singling after planting temperature normal 5~7 days, 10~15cm of height of seedling can carry out final singling behaviour
Make, every cave at most stays two plants, and rational close planting can be improved yield and improve fruit type, but has to guarantee well-ventilated.
5.2.2 after planting 20d water shortage sooner or later artificial should spray fertilizer and water management, mechanical can irrigate through furrow after seedling is slightly larger；It blooms knot
It is unable to water shortage when fruit, to supply sufficient moisture in time.In conjunction with topdressing and watering, to be drained in time after heavy rain.It is every after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvest
Mu applies urea 10kg, after the beginning of autumn, half a month 1 time, chases after 2~3 times, applies urea 7.5kg, potassium sulfate 6kg per acre every time.Entire picking time
Interior, per 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of half a month foliage-spray is primary.5.2.3 side shoot is extractd in training in time, reduces the consumption of nutrient.It is raw
The method for turning round leaf can be taken long early period, it is sagging that petiole is twisted into bending.In middle and later periods should destroy in time to over growth
Side shoot extracts old leaf, retains 1~2 leaf under pod, cuts off old fruit pod in time.
5.2.4 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Using yellow card's trap aphid or Silver Grey Mulching Film repellent aphid, lured with black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or gyplure
Kill lepidoptera pest.
Seedling stage is usually the aphid multiple phase, and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid or 2.5% bromine cyanogen chrysanthemum can be selected
1500~2000 times of liquid of emulsifiable concentrate etc. is prevented and treated by spraying.
Seedling stage, Adult plant epidemic prevention and control.Early stage 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder, 600~800 times of liquid or
58% 500 times of metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder liquid is prevented and treated by spraying, and 7~10d 1 time, continuous 2~3 times.
The controls of insect such as bollworm, leaf roll open country snout moth's larva.In the larva low age phase, with 20% Rynaxypyr water dispersant 3000
Times 1500 times of liquid of liquid or 10% fipronil bisamide suspension agent are prevented and treated by spraying, and 7d sprays 1 time, continuous 2~3 times.
5.3 harvesting
3~4d after blossom fall, the long 10~15cm of okra fruit can be harvested, and cut carpopodium with scissors when harvesting, prevented damage branch.It adopts
Time receiving puts on gloves, so as not on stem, leaf, fruit bristle or thorn tumor stab skin, it is extremely itching, at this time with soap wash or
It is light roasting on fire, it can reduce sufferings degree.
Taking the above-mentioned ideal embodiment according to the present invention as inspiration, through the above description, relevant staff is complete
Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention' entirely.The technology of this invention
Property range is not limited to the contents of the specification, it is necessary to which the technical scope thereof is determined according to the scope of the claim.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant method, which is characterized in that the step of the implantation methods are as follows:
A) between the selection kind time receiving, oily sowing in certain herbaceous plants with big flowers March is harvested June~July, and okra April, sowing, started to harvest June；
B) site preparation and fertilization spreads fertilizer over the fields 3~4m before sowing per acre3Decomposed manure and nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio be 20:10:15 chemical fertilizer,
Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are mixed thoroughly spread fertilizer over the fields after, deep ploughing 20~25cm site preparation does furrow, the wide 1.8m of furrow, the wide 30~35cm in the furrow ridge, covers among furrow
The mulch of 80cm wide；
C) sowing of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers sows temperature at 10 DEG C or more, and the program request on the furrow ridge is first punched, water, puts seed, line-spacing 180cm,
Spacing in the rows 30cm, 3~4cm of depth, mu stay 1100~1300 plants of seedling, and the mu amount of broadcasting is 200~250g；
D) field management of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, the final singling and in first time in 1~2 pair of true leaf expansion of seedling of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, 15~20cm of height of seedling
It ploughs, second is carried out before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings and is intertilled；It waters in the squaring period of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and imposes urea 15kg, potash fertilizer 15kg；Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
Full-bloom stage pour the second water；One day oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers florescence pollinated 2~3 times, and pollination in 2 hours is primary, pollination time be morning 9:00~
11:00；
E) it harvests, harvest time is in June~July, and blade, stalk and floral disc jaundice, sub- shell blackening is hardened and can harvest, after harvest
It dries, when meeting rainy weather cannot dry, to spread out, not stack；
F) sowing of okra, the seed of okra will carry out presoaking and germinating processing prior to seeding, and sowing row is flat away from film
It is punched at the 10~15cm of both sides in face, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25 cm, depth of planting 5cm, is watered with water, every bunch planting kind 2 in cave
~3,2~3cm of earthing is thick, per acre sowing quantity 1000g；
G) field management of okra, the final singling as okra 10~15cm of height of seedling, two plants of seedlings below are stayed in every cave；After planting
It is irrigated, in growth early period, it is sagging that petiole is twisted into bending, extracts side shoot at later stages, retains 1~2 leaf under pod
And cut off old fruit pod；Urea 10kg is applied per acre after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvesting, is applied fertilizer 2~3 times after the beginning of autumn, is applied within 15 days once, apply per acre every time
Urea 7.5kg, potassium sulfate 6kg；In entire picking time, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of every 15 days foliage-sprays is primary, then on the ground
Continue to plant okra；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
H) 3~4 days after okra blossom fall, okra fruit harvests when growing 10~15cm.
2. oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and okra intercropping plant method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is
The chemical fertilizer of 20:10:15 is ternary compound fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer sows 50 ㎏ per acre.
3. oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers according to claim 1 and okra intercropping plant method, it is characterised in that: the presoaking and germinating processing
Method be to be dipped in seed in 50~55 DEG C of hot water to stir 15~20 minutes, then continue under the conditions of 25~30 DEG C
It impregnates 12~24 hours, the vernalization under the conditions of 25~30 DEG C after being cleaned with clear water.
4. oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers according to claim 1 and okra intercropping plant method, it is characterised in that: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Method is, using yellow card's trap aphid or Silver Grey Mulching Film repellent aphid, to be trapped and killed with black light lamp, frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or gyplure
Lepidoptera pest；
Aphid is prevented and treated by spraying with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid or 2.5% 1500~2000 times of liquid of deltamethrin milk oil etc.
Worm；
Seedling stage, Adult plant epidemic prevention and control, early stage 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder, 600~800 times of liquid or 58% first
White spirit 500 times of liquid of mancozeb wettable powder are prevented and treated by spraying, and 7~10 days 1 time, continuous 2~3 times；
The controls of insect such as bollworm, leaf roll open country snout moth's larva, in the larva low age phase, with 20% Rynaxypyr water dispersant, 3000 times of liquid
Or 10% fipronil bisamide suspension agent, 1500 times of liquid are prevented and treated by spraying, are sprayed 1 time, continuous 2~3 times within 7 days.
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| CN201810877534.0A CN108967061B (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-08-03 | Method for intercropping oil sunflower and okra |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810877534.0A CN108967061B (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-08-03 | Method for intercropping oil sunflower and okra |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104025881A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-10 | 南京旺洲农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting okra in open fields |
| CN104641881A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-27 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | High-yield planting method of intercropping collard and autumn sorghum |
| CN106358641A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-02-01 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Open-field artificial seeding planting technology for okra |
-
2018
- 2018-08-03 CN CN201810877534.0A patent/CN108967061B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104025881A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-10 | 南京旺洲农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting okra in open fields |
| CN104641881A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-27 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | High-yield planting method of intercropping collard and autumn sorghum |
| CN106358641A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-02-01 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Open-field artificial seeding planting technology for okra |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS;吴桦: "黄秋葵", 《蔬菜》 * |
| 宋聚红;王海山;刘玉芹;韩波: "油葵—黄秋葵间作栽培技术", 《蔬菜》 * |
| 董楠: "不同作物组合间作优势和时空稳定性的生态机制", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》 * |
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