CN108951186B - 一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN108951186B
CN108951186B CN201810937001.7A CN201810937001A CN108951186B CN 108951186 B CN108951186 B CN 108951186B CN 201810937001 A CN201810937001 A CN 201810937001A CN 108951186 B CN108951186 B CN 108951186B
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马兴元
吴晓珍
丁博
赵昭
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Zhejiang Jishen New Materials Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,采用浸渍浆料A浸渍海岛纤维非织造布,轧液后通过蒸汽凝固,再干燥,得到浸渍基布A;将浸渍基布A装入碱减量缸,在碱减量浴液B中碱减量后进行水洗、中和、干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B;以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用刮涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上刮涂发泡浆料C,干燥后,采用辊涂机辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,形成着色层,干燥后,采用印刷机在着色层表面印刷手感剂,干燥后吸纹,得到全水性超细纤维合成革。本发明制得的全水性超细纤维合成革经过检测,未能检出任何一项欧盟高关注度物质,具有极佳的卫生性能和环保性能。本发明采用环保的原料和清洁的生产方法,生产过程没有污染。

Description

一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及超细纤维合成革技术领域,特别涉及一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法。
背景技术
用来生产天然皮革的原料皮有限,而且天然皮革的生产是一个高能耗、高污染的过程,会给环境带来极大的污染负荷。近年来,欧盟等发达国家对天然皮革本身的安全性也提出了新的标准,严格限制天然皮革中存在的Cr(Ⅵ)、偶氮染料、五氯苯酚(PCP)及游离甲醛等有毒化学品。从原料皮资源、环境保护、产品安全和市场的角度来看,天然皮革的生产都面临着极大的挑战。
基于以上原因,世界各国都在加速开发新的代替天然皮革的新材料。其中,以超细纤维/聚氨酯(PU)复合材料为基材生产的超细纤维合成革,由于超细纤维的直径几乎达到纳米级尺寸,有巨大的比表面积,与天然皮革中的束状胶原纤维极其相似,力学性能可以与天然皮革相媲美,堪称先进纤维复合材料的典范,成为代替天然皮革的最佳材料。
然而,超细纤维合成革的生产存在着以下主要问题:其一,超细纤维合成革的生产中,超细纤维和PU的复合采用湿法凝固工艺,要使用到大量的二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂,会产生大量含有DMF的废水,而成品中残留的DMF也会引起产品安全问题。例如,欧盟的绿色天使指标,要求超细纤维合成革中残留的DMF不能超过10ppm,在儿童制品中更是要求合成革必须是“DMF free”的产品,而溶剂型的生产系统很难达到这些要求。其二,超细纤维上含有的亲水基团很少,对水分的吸收和传递性能很差,因此超细纤维合成革的卫生性能(主要为吸湿排湿性能)和舒适性很差,和天然皮革相比有很大的差距,极大的限制了超细纤维合成革的高端应用和未来的发展。
中国是全球合成革生产的大国,生产能力和生产总量排名世界第一,年产量占世界年总产量的80%以上。根据我国石化联合会公布数据显示,2016年我国人造革合成革规模以上企业产量为332.6万吨。另据海关总署数据统计显示,2016年我国人造革合成革出口总量为65.5万吨,占总产量的19.7%,出口总金额25.9亿美元,同比2015年度25.2以美元上涨5.2%。但是,由于目前合成革仍然采用溶剂型生产系统,不仅会产生严重的溶剂污染问题,损害产业工人的身体健康,限制产品进入国内外高端产品市场,而且容易产生因为溶剂残留而造成的产品安全问题。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)浸渍:以海岛纤维非织造布为基材,采用浸渍浆料A浸渍海岛纤维非织造布,轧液后通过蒸汽凝固,再干燥,得到浸渍基布A;
(2)碱减量:将浸渍基布A装入碱减量缸,在碱减量浴液B中碱减量后进行水洗、中和、干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B;
(3)以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用刮涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上刮涂发泡浆料C,干燥后,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C:
(4)以水性超发泡贝斯C为基材,采用辊涂机在水性超发泡贝斯C涂层表面辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,形成着色层,干燥后,得到着色贝斯D;
(5)以着色贝斯D为基材,采用印刷机在着色层表面印刷手感剂,干燥后吸纹,得到全水性超细纤维合成革。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述浸渍浆料A通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将明胶溶液10~15份,水性聚氨酯75~85份,氮丙啶0.2~0.5份,聚碳化二亚胺0.1~0.3份,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体0.1~0.3份以及增稠剂0.1~0.3份,混合均匀,得到浸渍浆料A。
本发明进一步的改进在于,增稠剂是纤维素类增稠剂、丙烯酸类增稠剂、聚氨酯类增稠剂中的一种或多种的混合物。
本发明进一步的改进在于,步骤(1)的具体过程如下:将海岛纤维非织造布通过装有浸渍浆料A的浸渍槽,再通过轧辊,控制浸渍浆料A的浸渍量为海岛纤维非织造布重量的50~95%,然后通过蒸汽烘箱,在75~85℃的条件下固化3~5min,再在80~120℃的条件下烘干,得到浸渍基布A。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述碱减量浴液B通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将氢氧化钠8~10份,乙二胺1~2份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.2~0.5份,十二烷基苄基氯化铵0.2~0.5份以及水80~90份,混合均匀,得到碱减量浴液B。
本发明进一步的改进在于,步骤(2)的具体过程如下:以重量份数计,将浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B装入减减量缸,控制浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B的重量比为1:35~45,在搅动状态下,升温到85~95℃,碱减量30~35分钟后,用轧棍挤水,水洗三次,再放入装有质量浓度0.5~1%的有机酸的中和缸中,中和至pH值为6.0~7.5,干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B。
本发明进一步的改进在于,有机酸为甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸中的一种或多种的混合物。
本发明进一步的改进在于,步骤(3)的具体过程如下:以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用辊涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上辊涂发泡浆料C,通过刮刀和水性超纤贝斯B之间的间隙,控制涂层厚度为0.2~0.8mm,然后在80~120℃的条件下烘干,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C;
其中,所述发泡浆料C通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯80~90份,水性色浆2~15份,琥珀酸单十八酰胺磺酸钠1.5~2份,硬脂酸铵1.5~2份,十二烷基甘油醚硫酸钠1.5~2份以及增稠剂0.5~1.5份混合,发泡,控制发泡倍率为50~300%,得到发泡浆料C。
本发明进一步的改进在于,步骤(4)的具体过程如下:将水性超纤发泡贝斯C通过辊涂机,辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,形成着色层,控制着色层厚度为0.02~0.1mm,再在80~120℃的条件下烘干,得到着色贝斯D;
其中,所述辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯80~90份,水性色浆2~15份以及增稠剂0.2~1.5份混合均匀,得辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料B。
本发明进一步的改进在于,水性聚氨酯是聚酯型水性聚氨酯、聚醚型水性聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯中的一种或多种的混合物;海岛纤维非织造布是水溶性聚酯/聚酰胺海岛纤维非织造布或水溶性聚酯/聚酯海岛纤维非织造布。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果:其一,以具有三维立体交织结构的海岛纤维非织造布为基材,采用水性浆料浸渍、蒸汽固化、碱减量、发泡浆料辊涂、水性聚氨酯辊涂改色、表面处理、压纹和吸纹工艺等技术,制造了全水性超细纤维合成革。其二,这种全水性超细纤维合成革经过检测,未能检出任何一项欧盟高关注度物质(SVHC),透气性≥10000(ml/cm2·h),透水汽性≥1.9(mg/cm2·h),具有极佳的卫生性能和环保性能,可满足各种制鞋、家具沙发蒙皮、汽车座椅内饰、室内装饰软包等高端应用需求。其三,本发明采用环保的原料和清洁的生产方法,生产过程没有污染。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但本发明并不只限于这些例子。
本发明包括以下步骤:
(1)浸渍:以海岛纤维非织造布为基材,采用浸渍浆料A浸渍COPET/PA海岛纤维非织造布,轧液后通过蒸汽凝固,再进入干燥烘箱干燥,得到浸渍基布A;具体过程如下:将海岛纤维非织造布通过装有浸渍浆料A的浸渍槽,再通过轧辊,控制浸渍浆料A的浸渍量为海岛纤维非织造布重量的50~95%,然后通过蒸汽烘箱,在75~85℃的条件下固化3~5min,再通过干燥烘箱,在80~120℃的条件下烘干,得到浸渍基布A。
其中,所述浸渍浆料A通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将明胶溶液(固含量为10%)10~15份,水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)75~85份,氮丙啶0.2~0.5份,聚碳化二亚胺0.1~0.3份,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体0.1~0.3份以及增稠剂0.1~0.3份,均匀混合后,得到浸渍浆料A。
水性聚氨酯是不含任何溶剂的高固含量水性聚氨酯,优选江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000051
6055。
氮丙啶、聚碳化二亚胺和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体为通用的水性聚氨酯交联剂。增稠剂可以是纤维素类增稠剂、丙烯酸类增稠剂、聚氨酯类增稠剂中的一种或多种的混合物,优选缔合型聚氨酯增稠剂。纤维素类增稠剂为羧甲基纤维素钠或羟乙基纤维素,丙烯酸类增稠剂为聚丙烯酸酯增稠剂,缔合型聚氨酯增稠剂为WT-202。
本发明中的海岛纤维非织造布可以是COPET(水溶性聚酯)/PA(聚酰胺)海岛纤维非织造布、也可以是COPET(水溶性聚酯)/PET(聚酯)海岛纤维非织造布。
(2)碱减量:将浸渍基布A装入碱减量缸,在碱减量浴液B中碱减量后进行水洗、中和、干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B;具体过程如下:以重量份数计,将浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B装入减减量缸,控制浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B的重量比为1:35~45,在搅动状态下,升温到85~95℃,碱减量30~35分钟后,用轧棍挤水,水洗三次,再放入装有质量浓度0.5~1%的有机酸的中和缸中,中和至pH值为6.0~7.5,干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B。
其中,所述碱减量浴液B通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将氢氧化钠8~10份,乙二胺1~2份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.2~0.5份,十二烷基苄基氯化铵0.2~0.5份以及水80~90份,均匀混合后,得到碱减量浴液B。
有机酸可以是甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸中的一种或多种的混合物。
(3)以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用刮涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上刮涂发泡浆料C,干燥后,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C:具体过程如下:以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用辊涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上辊涂发泡浆料C,通过刮刀和水性超纤贝斯B之间的间隙,控制涂层厚度为0.2~0.8mm,然后进入烘箱,在80~120℃的条件下烘干,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C。
其中,发泡浆料C通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)80~90份,水性色浆2~15份,琥珀酸单十八酰胺磺酸钠1.5~2份,硬脂酸铵1.5~2份,十二烷基甘油醚硫酸钠1.5~2份以及增稠剂0.5~1.5份混合,采用物理机械搅拌的发泡方式通过发泡机发泡,控制发泡倍率为50~300%,得到发泡浆料C。
其中,水性聚氨酯是不含任何溶剂的高固含量水性聚氨酯,优选江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000061
6055。
增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂、丙烯酸类增稠剂、聚氨酯类增稠剂中的一种或多种的混合物,优选缔合型聚氨酯增稠剂。纤维素类增稠剂为羧甲基纤维素钠或羟乙基纤维素,丙烯酸类增稠剂为聚丙烯酸酯增稠剂,缔合型聚氨酯增稠剂为WT-202。
(4)以水性超纤发泡贝斯C为基材,采用辊涂机在发泡涂层表面辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,形成着色层,通过烘箱干燥后,得到着色贝斯D;具体过程如下:将水性超纤发泡贝斯C通过辊涂机,辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,控制涂层厚度为0.02~0.1mm,再通过干燥烘箱,在80~120℃的条件下烘干,得到着色贝斯D。
其中,所述辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥30%)80~90份,水性色浆2~15份以及稠剂0.2~1.5份混合均匀,得辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料B。
水性聚氨酯是聚酯型水性聚氨酯、聚醚型水性聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯中的一种或多种的混合物。
(5)以着色贝斯D为基材,采用印刷机在水性聚氨酯着色层表面印刷手感剂,干燥后通过压纹机压纹或真空吸纹机吸纹,得到全水性超细纤维合成革。
其中,所述手感剂为各类皮革或合成革用手感剂,优选以聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯(俗称水性聚碳)为接着树脂的手感剂。
印刷工艺、压纹工艺和吸纹工艺按照合成革生产中的常规工艺即可。
实施例1
(1)浸渍:将COPET/PA海岛纤维非织造布通过装有浸渍浆料A的浸渍槽,再通过轧辊,控制浸渍浆料A的浸渍量为海岛纤维非织造布重量的50%,然后通过蒸汽烘箱,在85℃的条件下固化3min,再通过干燥烘箱,在80℃的条件下烘干,得到浸渍基布A。
其中,所述浸渍浆料A通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将明胶溶液(固含量为10%)15份,水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)85份,氮丙啶0.2份,聚碳化二亚胺0.3份,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体0.1份以及增稠剂0.1份,均匀混合后,得到浸渍浆料A。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000071
6055。
增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂。
(2)碱减量:以重量份数计,将浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B装入减减量缸,控制浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B的重量比为1:35,在搅动状态下,升温到95℃,碱减量35分钟后,用轧棍挤水,水洗三次,再放入装有质量浓度0.5%的有机酸的中和缸中,中和至pH值为7.5,干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B。
其中,所述碱减量浴液B通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将氢氧化钠8份,乙二胺1份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.2份,十二烷基苄基氯化铵0.2份以及水80份,均匀混合后,得到碱减量浴液B。
有机酸是甲酸。
(3)以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用辊涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上辊涂发泡浆料C,通过刮刀和水性超纤贝斯B之间的间隙,控制涂层厚度为0.2mm,然后进入烘箱,在80℃的条件下烘干,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C。
其中,发泡浆料C通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)80份,水性色浆2份,琥珀酸单十八酰胺磺酸钠1.5份,硬脂酸铵2份,十二烷基甘油醚硫酸钠1.5份以及增稠剂1.5份混合,采用物理机械搅拌的发泡方式通过发泡机发泡,控制发泡倍率为50%,得到发泡浆料C。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000081
6055。
(4)将水性超纤发泡贝斯C通过辊涂机,辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,控制涂层厚度为0.02mm,再通过干燥烘箱,在80℃的条件下烘干,得到着色贝斯D。
其中,所述辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥30%)90份,水性色浆2份以及稠剂0.2份混合均匀,得辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料B。
水性聚氨酯是聚酯型水性聚氨酯。
(5)以着色贝斯D为基材,采用印刷机在水性聚氨酯着色层表面印刷手感剂,干燥后通过压纹机压纹或真空吸纹机吸纹,得到全水性超细纤维合成革。
实施例2
(1)浸渍:将COPET/PET海岛纤维非织造布通过装有浸渍浆料A的浸渍槽,再通过轧辊,控制浸渍浆料A的浸渍量为海岛纤维非织造布重量的60%,然后通过蒸汽烘箱,在80℃的条件下固化4min,再通过干燥烘箱,在90℃的条件下烘干,得到浸渍基布A。
其中,所述浸渍浆料A通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将明胶溶液(固含量为10%)12份,水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)75份,氮丙啶0.3份,聚碳化二亚胺0.2份,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体0.3份以及增稠剂0.2份,均匀混合后,得到浸渍浆料A。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000091
6055。
增稠剂为丙烯酸类增稠剂。
(2)碱减量:以重量份数计,将浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B装入减减量缸,控制浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B的重量比为1:40,在搅动状态下,升温到90℃,碱减量32分钟后,用轧棍挤水,水洗三次,再放入装有质量浓度0.9%的有机酸的中和缸中,中和至pH值为7,干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B。
其中,所述碱减量浴液B通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将氢氧化钠9份,乙二胺2份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.3份,十二烷基苄基氯化铵0.5份以及水90份,均匀混合后,得到碱减量浴液B。
有机酸是乙酸。
(3)以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用辊涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上辊涂发泡浆料C,通过刮刀和水性超纤贝斯B之间的间隙,控制涂层厚度为0.4mm,然后进入烘箱,在90℃的条件下烘干,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C。
其中,发泡浆料C通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)82份,水性色浆10份,琥珀酸单十八酰胺磺酸钠1.6份,硬脂酸铵1.7份,十二烷基甘油醚硫酸钠2份以及增稠剂1份混合,采用物理机械搅拌的发泡方式通过发泡机发泡,控制发泡倍率为100%,得到发泡浆料C。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000092
6055。
(4)将水性超纤发泡贝斯C通过辊涂机,辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,控制涂层厚度为0.05mm,再通过干燥烘箱,在90℃的条件下烘干,得到着色贝斯D。
其中,所述辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥30%)85份,水性色浆15份以及稠剂0.5份混合均匀,得辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料B。
水性聚氨酯是聚醚型水性聚氨酯。
(5)以着色贝斯D为基材,采用印刷机在水性聚氨酯着色层表面印刷手感剂,干燥后通过压纹机压纹或真空吸纹机吸纹,得到全水性超细纤维合成革。
实施例3
(1)浸渍:将COPET/PET海岛纤维非织造布通过装有浸渍浆料A的浸渍槽,再通过轧辊,控制浸渍浆料A的浸渍量为海岛纤维非织造布重量的70%,然后通过蒸汽烘箱,在75℃的条件下固化5min,再通过干燥烘箱,在100℃的条件下烘干,得到浸渍基布A。
其中,所述浸渍浆料A通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将明胶溶液(固含量为10%)13份,水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)77份,氮丙啶0.4份,聚碳化二亚胺0.1份,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体0.2份以及增稠剂0.2份,均匀混合后,得到浸渍浆料A。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000101
6055。
增稠剂为丙烯酸类增稠剂与聚氨酯类增稠剂的混合物。
(2)碱减量:以重量份数计,将浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B装入减减量缸,控制浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B的重量比为1:45,在搅动状态下,升温到85℃,碱减量33分钟后,用轧棍挤水,水洗三次,再放入装有质量浓度0.8%的有机酸的中和缸中,中和至pH值为6,干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B。
其中,所述碱减量浴液B通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将氢氧化钠10份,乙二胺1份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.4份,十二烷基苄基氯化铵0.3份以及水82份,均匀混合后,得到碱减量浴液B。
有机酸是柠檬酸与酒石酸的混合物。
(3)以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用辊涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上辊涂发泡浆料C,通过刮刀和水性超纤贝斯B之间的间隙,控制涂层厚度为0.5mm,然后进入烘箱,在100℃的条件下烘干,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C。
其中,发泡浆料C通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)85份,水性色浆70份,琥珀酸单十八酰胺磺酸钠1.8份,硬脂酸铵1.9份,十二烷基甘油醚硫酸钠1.8份以及增稠剂0.5份混合,采用物理机械搅拌的发泡方式通过发泡机发泡,控制发泡倍率为200%,得到发泡浆料C。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000111
6055。
(4)将水性超纤发泡贝斯C通过辊涂机,辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,控制涂层厚度为0.075mm,再通过干燥烘箱,在100℃的条件下烘干,得到着色贝斯D。
其中,所述辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥30%)80份,水性色浆10份以及稠剂1份混合均匀,得辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料B。
水性聚氨酯是聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯。
(5)以着色贝斯D为基材,采用印刷机在水性聚氨酯着色层表面印刷手感剂,干燥后通过压纹机压纹或真空吸纹机吸纹,得到全水性超细纤维合成革。
实施例4
(1)浸渍:将COPET/PA海岛纤维非织造布通过装有浸渍浆料A的浸渍槽,再通过轧辊,控制浸渍浆料A的浸渍量为海岛纤维非织造布重量的80%,然后通过蒸汽烘箱,在77℃的条件下固化3min,再通过干燥烘箱,在110℃的条件下烘干,得到浸渍基布A。
其中,所述浸渍浆料A通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将明胶溶液(固含量为10%)11份,水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)82份,氮丙啶0.5份,聚碳化二亚胺0.15份,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体0.25份以及增稠剂0.1份,均匀混合后,得到浸渍浆料A。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000121
6055。
增稠剂为缔合型聚氨酯增稠剂。
(2)碱减量:以重量份数计,将浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B装入减减量缸,控制浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B的重量比为1:37,在搅动状态下,升温到87℃,碱减量34分钟后,用轧棍挤水,水洗三次,再放入装有质量浓度0.7%的有机酸的中和缸中,中和至pH值为6.5,干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B。
其中,所述碱减量浴液B通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将氢氧化钠8份,乙二胺2份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.5份,十二烷基苄基氯化铵0.4份以及水85份,均匀混合后,得到碱减量浴液B。
有机酸是乙酸、柠檬酸与酒石酸的混合物。
(3)以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用辊涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上辊涂发泡浆料C,通过刮刀和水性超纤贝斯B之间的间隙,控制涂层厚度为0.7mm,然后进入烘箱,在110℃的条件下烘干,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C。
其中,发泡浆料C通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)90份,水性色浆12份,琥珀酸单十八酰胺磺酸钠1.5份,硬脂酸铵1.5份,十二烷基甘油醚硫酸钠1.7份以及增稠剂0.7份混合,采用物理机械搅拌的发泡方式通过发泡机发泡,控制发泡倍率为300%,得到发泡浆料C。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000122
6055。
(4)将水性超纤发泡贝斯C通过辊涂机,辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,控制涂层厚度为0.04mm,再通过干燥烘箱,在110℃的条件下烘干,得到着色贝斯D。
其中,所述辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥30%)88份,水性色浆7份以及稠剂1.5份混合均匀,得辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料B。
水性聚氨酯是聚醚型水性聚氨酯与聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯的混合物。
(5)以着色贝斯D为基材,采用印刷机在水性聚氨酯着色层表面印刷手感剂,干燥后通过压纹机压纹或真空吸纹机吸纹,得到全水性超细纤维合成革。
实施例5
(1)浸渍:将COPET/PA海岛纤维非织造布通过装有浸渍浆料A的浸渍槽,再通过轧辊,控制浸渍浆料A的浸渍量为海岛纤维非织造布重量的90%,然后通过蒸汽烘箱,在82℃的条件下固化4min,再通过干燥烘箱,在120℃的条件下烘干,得到浸渍基布A。
其中,所述浸渍浆料A通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将明胶溶液(固含量为10%)10份,水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)85份,氮丙啶0.2份,聚碳化二亚胺0.25份,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体0.15份以及增稠剂0.3份,均匀混合后,得到浸渍浆料A。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000131
6055。
增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂与丙烯酸类增稠剂的混合物。
(2)碱减量:以重量份数计,将浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B装入减减量缸,控制浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B的重量比为1:43,在搅动状态下,升温到92℃,碱减量35分钟后,用轧棍挤水,水洗三次,再放入装有质量浓度1%的有机酸的中和缸中,中和至pH值为6,干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B。
其中,所述碱减量浴液B通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将氢氧化钠9份,乙二胺1份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.2份,十二烷基苄基氯化铵0.4份以及水88份,均匀混合后,得到碱减量浴液B。
有机酸是乙酸与柠檬酸的混合物。
(3)以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用辊涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上辊涂发泡浆料C,通过刮刀和水性超纤贝斯B之间的间隙,控制涂层厚度为0.8mm,然后进入烘箱,在120℃的条件下烘干,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C。
其中,发泡浆料C通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥50%)87份,水性色浆15份,琥珀酸单十八酰胺磺酸钠2份,硬脂酸铵1.5份,十二烷基甘油醚硫酸钠1.5份以及增稠剂1.3份混合,采用物理机械搅拌的发泡方式通过发泡机发泡,控制发泡倍率为150%,得到发泡浆料C。
水性聚氨酯为江苏开磷瑞阳化工股份有限公司的水性聚氨酯
Figure BDA0001768080440000141
6055。
(4)将水性超纤发泡贝斯C通过辊涂机,辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,控制涂层厚度为0.1mm,再通过干燥烘箱,在120℃的条件下烘干,得到着色贝斯D。
其中,所述辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯(固含量≥30%)82份,水性色浆12份以及稠剂1.2份混合均匀,得辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料B。
水性聚氨酯是聚酯型水性聚氨酯、聚醚型水性聚氨酯与聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯的混合物。
(5)以着色贝斯D为基材,采用印刷机在水性聚氨酯着色层表面印刷手感剂,干燥后通过压纹机压纹或真空吸纹机吸纹,得到全水性超细纤维合成革。
本发明以具有三维立体交织结构的海岛纤维非织造布为基材,采用水性浆料浸渍、蒸汽固化、碱减量、发泡浆料辊涂、水性聚氨酯辊涂改色、表面处理、压纹和吸纹工艺等技术,制造了全水性超细纤维合成革。这种全水性超细纤维合成革经过检测,未能检出任何一项欧盟高关注度物质(SVHC),透气性≥10000(ml/cm2·h),透水汽性≥1.9(mg/cm2·h),具有极佳的卫生性能和环保性能,可满足各种制鞋、家具沙发蒙皮、汽车座椅内饰、室内装饰软包等高端应用需求。

Claims (8)

1.一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)浸渍:以海岛纤维非织造布为基材,采用浸渍浆料A浸渍海岛纤维非织造布,轧液后通过蒸汽凝固,再干燥,得到浸渍基布A;其中,所述浸渍浆料A通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将明胶溶液10~15份,水性聚氨酯75~85份,氮丙啶0.2~0.5份,聚碳化二亚胺0.1~0.3份,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体0.1~0.3份以及增稠剂0.1~0.3份,混合均匀,得到浸渍浆料A;
(2)碱减量:将浸渍基布A装入碱减量缸,在碱减量浴液B中碱减量后进行水洗、中和、干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B;其中,碱减量浴液B通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将氢氧化钠8~10份,乙二胺1~2份,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.2~0.5份,十二烷基苄基氯化铵0.2~0.5份以及水80~90份,混合均匀,得到碱减量浴液B;
(3)以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用刮涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上刮涂发泡浆料C,干燥后,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C:
(4)以水性超发泡贝斯C为基材,采用辊涂机在水性超发泡贝斯C涂层表面辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,形成着色层,干燥后,得到着色贝斯D;具体过程如下:将水性超纤发泡贝斯C通过辊涂机,辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D,形成着色层,控制着色层厚度为0.02~0.1mm,再在80~120℃的条件下烘干,得到着色贝斯D;
(5)以着色贝斯D为基材,采用印刷机在着色层表面印刷手感剂,干燥后吸纹,得到全水性超细纤维合成革。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,其特征在于,增稠剂是纤维素类增稠剂、丙烯酸类增稠剂、聚氨酯类增稠剂中的一种或多种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)的具体过程如下:将海岛纤维非织造布通过装有浸渍浆料A的浸渍槽,再通过轧辊,控制浸渍浆料A的浸渍量为海岛纤维非织造布重量的50~95%,然后通过蒸汽烘箱,在75~85℃的条件下固化3~5min,再在80~120℃的条件下烘干,得到浸渍基布A。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)的具体过程如下:以重量份数计,将浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B装入减减量缸,控制浸渍基布A和碱减量浴液B的重量比为1:35~45,在搅动状态下,升温到85~95℃,碱减量30~35分钟后,用轧棍挤水,水洗三次,再放入装有质量浓度0.5~1%的有机酸的中和缸中,中和至pH值为6.0~7.5,干燥后,得到水性超纤贝斯B。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,其特征在于,有机酸为甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸中的一种或多种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)的具体过程如下:以水性超纤贝斯B为基材,采用辊涂的方式,在水性超纤贝斯B上辊涂发泡浆料C,通过刮刀和水性超纤贝斯B之间的间隙,控制涂层厚度为0.2~0.8mm,然后在80~120℃的条件下烘干,得到水性超纤发泡贝斯C;
其中,所述发泡浆料C通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯80~90份,水性色浆2~15份,琥珀酸单十八酰胺磺酸钠1.5~2份,硬脂酸铵1.5~2份,十二烷基甘油醚硫酸钠1.5~2份以及增稠剂0.5~1.5份混合,发泡,控制发泡倍率为50~300%,得到发泡浆料C。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,其特征在于,所述辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料D通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,将水性聚氨酯80~90份,水性色浆2~15份以及增稠剂0.2~1.5份混合均匀,得辊涂水性聚氨酯浆料B。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种全水性超细纤维合成革的制造方法,其特征在于,水性聚氨酯是聚酯型水性聚氨酯、聚醚型水性聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯中的一种或多种的混合物;海岛纤维非织造布是水溶性聚酯/聚酰胺海岛纤维非织造布或水溶性聚酯/聚酯海岛纤维非织造布。
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