CN108889288B - 一种还原型二氧化钛光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种还原型二氧化钛光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于催化材料技术领域,公开了一种还原型二氧化钛(TiO2)光催化剂及其制备方法和应用,所述TiO2光催化剂是将TiO2与还原剂混合后放入充满保护气体的管式炉中,在100~1000℃下反应,得到粉末样品,再用酸冲洗该粉末样品后,经烘干制得。本发明的还原型TiO2光催化剂是具有高活性、光响应可控的可见光催化剂,可实现挥发性有机物在催化剂上的吸附富集和原位降解,提高光量子的利用率,使挥发性有机物的降解具有较高的效率,同时操作简单,为挥发性有机物的污染控制提供了应用基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化材料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种还原型二氧化钛(TiO2)光催化剂及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
挥发性有机物是一类非常重要的大气污染物,是二次有机气溶胶和臭氧等二次污染物的重要前体物,同时有研究证实了大部分挥发性有机物对人体健康也会造成比较严重的危害,因此,同时消除挥发性有机物污染和风险已经成为目前大气污染控制领域的关键难点。
研究表明:以活性炭吸附法为代表的物理方法虽然能够净化挥发性有机物,但是却面临着吸附剂吸附饱和与脱附等二次污染问题。生物法也存在着维护过程复杂,对环境稳定性要求大,对挥发性有机物处理效果不理想等缺点。以光催化为代表的化学法可以高效降解和矿化大部分挥发性有机物,但是目前常用的TiO2光催化剂受到了其禁带宽度的限制(≈3.2eV),只能利用太阳光中不到5%的紫外光,所以限制了光催化技术在挥发性有机物污染控制中的进一步应用和推广。因此,需要找到一种集高效、稳定和完全矿化为一体的挥发性有机物净化方法。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的不足和缺点,提供一种还原型TiO2光催化剂。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述还原型TiO2光催化剂的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述还原型TiO2光催化剂的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案来实现:
一种还原型TiO2光催化剂是将TiO2与还原剂混合后放入充满保护气体的管式炉中,在100~1000℃下反应,得到粉末样品,再用酸冲洗该粉末样品后,经烘干制得。
优选地,所述还原剂为铝、锌或镁,所述保护气体为氩气、二氧化碳或氢气,所述酸为硫酸、盐酸或硝酸。
优选地,所述TiO2与还原剂的质量比为1:(0.1~10)。
优选地,所述反应的时间为2~72h,所述酸的浓度为0.1~1mol/L,所述烘干的温度为30~100℃。
所述的还原型TiO2光催化剂的制备方法,包括如下具体步骤:
S1.将TiO2与还原剂混合后放入充满保护气体的管式炉中,在100~1000℃下反应,得到粉末样品;
S2.用酸冲洗步骤S1所得粉末样品后在30~100℃下烘干,即得还原型TiO2光催化剂。
优选地,步骤S2中所述冲洗的次数为1~5次。
所述的还原型TiO2光催化剂在净化挥发性有机物领域中的应用。
优选地,所述挥发性有机物为醇、醛或酮中的一种以上。
优选地,所述挥发性有机物的浓度为10~200ppm。
为了更好地实现本发明,将上述还原型TiO2光催化剂放置到固定床光催化反应器(ZL200820200957.0)中,以实现对挥发性有机物的净化,将含有挥发性有机物的空气通入固定床光催化反应器0.5~2h后开启可见光,挥发性有机物在可见光和催化剂的协同作用下被降解消除。所述空气的相对湿度为30~70%,所述空气的氧气含量为10~100%,所述空气的温度为5~30℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明的还原型TiO2光催化剂是具有高活性、光响应可控的可见光催化剂,可实现挥发性有机物在催化剂上的吸附富集和原位降解。
2.本发明采用简单的高温还原法制备还原型TiO2光催化剂,该方法具有制备方法简单,价格低廉,且可以大量制备等优点。
3.本发明对挥发性有机物的净化效率高,可见光、挥发性有机物和催化剂能够充分接触,大大提高了光量子的利用率,使挥发性有机物的降解具有较高的效率,同时操作简单。
附图说明
图1为还原型TiO2光催化剂对典型挥发性有机物的吸附和可见光催化降解图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1
1.将TiO2与铝按质量比1:0.1混合后放入充满氮气的管式炉中,在1000℃下反应2h,得到粉末样品;
2.用0.1mol/L的盐酸50mL冲洗步骤1所得粉末样品1次后在30℃下烘干,即得还原型TiO2光催化剂1。
实施例2
1.将TiO2与镁按质量比1:10混合后放入充满氢气的管式炉中,在100℃下反应72h,得到粉末样品;
2.用1mol/L的硫酸500mL冲洗步骤1所得粉末样品5次后在100℃下烘干,即得还原型TiO2光催化剂2。
实施例3
1.将TiO2与锌按质量比1:0.2混合后放入充满二氧化碳的管式炉中,在400℃下反应10h,得到粉末样品;
2.用0.5mol/L的硝酸200mL冲洗步骤1所得粉末样品3次后在600℃下烘干,即得还原型TiO2光催化剂3。
实施例4
挥发性有机物净化方法为:将含有10ppm丙烯醇的空气(相对湿度30%、氧气含量10%、温度5℃)通入固定床光催化反应器(ZL200820200957.0,光催化剂为实施例1获得还原型TiO2光催化剂1)0.5h后开启氙灯(波长大于420nm)照射,丙烯醇在可见光和催化剂的协同作用下降解率达到70%。
实施例5
挥发性有机物净化方法为:将含有200ppm丙酮的空气(相对湿度70%、氧气含量100%、温度30℃)通入固定床光催化反应器(ZL200820200957.0,光催化剂为实施例2获得还原型TiO2光催化剂2)2h后开启氙灯(波长大于420nm)照射,丙酮在可见光和催化剂的协同作用下降解率达到90%。
实施例6
挥发性有机物净化方法为:将含有50ppm丙醛的空气(相对湿度40%、氧气含量50%、温度25℃)通入固定床光催化反应器(ZL200820200957.0,光催化剂为实施例3获得还原型TiO2光催化剂3)1h后开启氙灯(波长大于420nm)照射,丙醛在可见光和催化剂的协同作用下降解率达到80%。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合和简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种还原型二氧化钛光催化剂在降解挥发性有机物中的应用,其特征在于,所述挥发性有机物为丙烯醇、丙酮或丙醛中的一种或一种以上;所述挥发性有机物的浓度为10~200ppm;所述还原型二氧化钛光催化剂的制备包括如下具体步骤:
S1. 将TiO2与还原剂混合后放入充满保护气体的管式炉中,在400~1000℃下反应,得到粉末样品;所述还原剂为铝或锌;所述保护气体为氮气或二氧化碳;所述二氧化钛与还原剂的质量比为1:(0.1~10);
S2. 用酸冲洗步骤S1所得粉末样品后在30~100℃下烘干,即得还原型TiO2光催化剂;
将含有挥发性有机物的空气通入固定床光催化反应器0.5~2h后开启可见光,所述空气的相对湿度为30~70%,所述空气中氧气的体积含量为10~100%,所述空气的温度为5~30℃;在可见光和光催化剂的协同作用下,丙烯醇、丙醛的降解率分别为70%和80%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的还原型二氧化钛光催化剂在降解挥发性有机物中的应用,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述反应的时间为2~72h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的还原型二氧化钛光催化剂在降解挥发性有机物中的应用,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述酸为硫酸、盐酸或硝酸,所述酸的浓度为0.1~1mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的还原型二氧化钛光催化剂在降解挥发性有机物中的应用,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述冲洗的次数为1~5次。
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